Legal foundations of anti-drug policy in the Russian Federation. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of anti-drug policy. State anti-drug policy

As evidenced by the analysis of law enforcement practice and the results of scientific research, the drug situation in the country today poses a real threat to national security and public health. However, there is still no proper understanding of the current situation in society. Despite the increased activity of the media, anti-drug propaganda is carried out haphazardly. in the periodical press, fiction, cinema, there are few high-quality materials, books, films, anti-drug works See: Rozanov S.A. synthetic drugs. Textbook. - St. Petersburg: Prospekt, 2001. S. 90.

Moreover, in some media there is covert and overt advertising of the drug subculture, descriptions of the drug adventures of idols, discussions about the need or possibility of legalizing drug consumption, decriminalizing offenses in this area, methods of "effective and quick recovery from drug addiction."

According to experts, the main factor determining the operational situation in the field of drug smuggling in the near future will be the struggle of international criminal groups for markets in Russia. The space of the former USSR will continue to be used for the transit of drugs to the countries of Western Europe, however, this area of ​​smuggling activity will not play a decisive role for the time being. International criminal structures from Latin America, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, in search of new sources of profit, will mainly aim at the development and development of drug markets in the territory of the former USSR, primarily in Russia, where there are more favorable prospects compared to traditionally established drug markets in Western Europe and North America See: Komissina I., Kurtov A. Narcotic "dawn" over Central Asia - new threat civilizations // Central Asia and the Caucasus. 2005. No. 5. S. 23.

Thus, in the near future, the negative development of the drug situation will primarily be directed against Russia. A certain role in this will be played by the existing level of criminalization of society, unpreparedness law enforcement to large-scale counteraction, as well as favorable economic conditions for laundering the proceeds of the drug business.

The impact of such negative trends has necessitated the development of a Strategy for the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation.

This Strategy has been developed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law in the field of combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. The strategy defines the goal, principles, main directions and tasks of the state anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation.

The requirements of national security dictate the need to form the fundamental directions of the country's anti-drug policy in the interests of ensuring its security and stable development, aimed at organizing the practical activities of the state in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, precursors and counteracting their illicit trafficking.

In the national security strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020, one of the sources of threats to national security is recognized as the activities of transnational criminal groups and organizations associated with illegal trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

The general goal of the Strategy is to significantly reduce the illegal distribution and non-medical use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the extent of the consequences of their illegal trafficking for the security of the individual, society and the state, and improve the level of public health.

Decisions and measures taken by public authorities in the field of combating illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are based on the principles of legality, respect for the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, openness, specificity, consistency, comprehensiveness, preventive action, ensuring the equality of all before the law and inevitability responsibility, relying on the support of society.

Achievement of the goal of the Strategy is carried out in the following areas:

• - reducing the demand for drugs by organizing a system of preventive, curative and rehabilitation work, creating immunity in society and intolerance to the non-medical consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;
• - reducing the supply of drugs by purposefully suppressing their illegal production and trafficking within the country, countering external drug aggression.
• - development and strengthening of international cooperation in the field of drug control.

Key strategic objectives:

• - development and implementation state system monitoring and evaluation of the state of the drug situation in the Russian Federation and regions;
• - creation of a state system for the prevention of non-medical consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with priority on primary prevention measures;
• - improvement of the system of treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts;
• - creation and implementation of a nationwide set of measures to curb the illegal distribution of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• - development of measures to counter drug trafficking on the territory of the Russian Federation, adequate to the existing drug threat;
• - ensuring reliable state control over the legal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors;
• - improvement of the organizational and regulatory support of anti-drug activities.

The strategy is a fundamental document for the development, improvement and adjustment of the state anti-drug policy and is aimed at coordinating the activities of state authorities, local governments, public associations in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, precursors and counteracting their illicit trafficking.

Today, drug addiction is the main problem in our country. The problem of the distribution and use of drugs in Russia is a nationwide problem that requires immediate action on the part of the state, since, in terms of its long-term consequences, it can be classified as a direct threat to Russia's national security. To give the maximum possible data on the state of the drug situation, the dynamics of its change, the impact on the ongoing socio-economic and demographic processes should be a comprehensive monitoring of the drug situation.

At the same time, it is necessary to realize that Russia today is in a unique position - it belongs to that small number of states that are both consumers, producers, and transit zones of narcotic drugs.

AT Russian society Until now, there has not been a proper understanding of this threat, both the social stability of society and the threat to the health of the nation as such.

The problem of drug addiction is not always singled out as an independent one, often being considered in the general context of crime.

This situation can be reversed by involving all the main structures of society and the state - from law enforcement agencies to healthcare and education authorities. Steps, even the most resolute ones, only on one of the sections, will not give anything.

It is rational to create a powerful information and propaganda campaign, social advertising campaign. It should be aimed at young people, parents, government leaders. The media can play a key role in protecting society from this new scourge. Any media action will save hundreds of people. And any, even the most limited campaign - hundreds of thousands.

Taking into account the system of distribution of drugs in cities, especially in large ones, it is advisable to conduct a nationwide campaign "Zone Free of Drugs". Wherein Special attention pay attention to educational institutions and places of recreation for young people. Develop a system of support, both moral and financial, for institutions, centers and retail facilities that are ready to participate in this campaign.

At the same time, if possible, provide for the possibility of imposing sanctions on structures-objects where drugs are distributed.

It's about about the campaign of continuous action, which covers all main areas:

• - mass media;
• - educational institutions of all levels;
• - Legislative and executive authorities.

The principal feature of conducting such a campaign in the Russian Federation should be that it combines the close interaction of state bodies with social forces. The practice of the last two years shows that steps along only one line do not bring the desired result. It should not be hoped that a real effect can be achieved only through the efforts of individuals or public structures.

At the same time, it is fundamentally important for Russia that such a campaign should not remain only at the level of the federal center, but would receive real support from the leaders of the subjects of the federation. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for the allocation of appropriate funds in the budgets of all levels.

A useful impetus could be given by a special appeal by the President of Russia on the problem of drug addiction to the Russian society and personal patronage by him of the whole range of measures taken in the fight against drugs both at the state and at the public levels.

An important event in drawing public attention to the problem of drug addiction was the holding of special open hearings in the State Duma. They made it possible, first of all, to take a step forward in coordinating the efforts of both various government departments and public organizations to determine the next steps in the legislative sphere.

Taking into account the Federal Law "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances", it is desirable to introduce additions and amendments to a number of federal laws, to ensure control over the timely preparation of regulatory legal acts by the executive branch, the development of which is provided for by the above-mentioned law.

The problems of the spread of drugs and the fight against drug addiction should be considered at the level of the leaders of the CIS countries, taking into account the fact that the main flow of narcotic drugs enters the territory of Russia, first of all, from Ukraine, from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as from Azerbaijan and Georgia.

It is clear that the fight against drugs requires the intensification and development of international cooperation. It's about improvement. legislative framework such cooperation (signing of bilateral agreements), and on practical cooperation, in particular, in carrying out operations to control the transit of drugs through the territory of the Russian Federation.

To date, 49 intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements have been concluded, fully or partially devoted to cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has established working contacts with states with which bilateral agreements have not been concluded. To date, direct contacts have been established with 49 foreign law enforcement units in the field of drug trafficking.

The situation will be helped by the creation by joint efforts of all law enforcement agencies of Russia and the CIS of a special data bank, which should include all persons related to the supply and distribution of drugs. Under certain conditions, representatives of law enforcement agencies of other countries should have access to this bank, primarily those with whom the closest cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking is necessary (USA, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, China).

In addition, it seems appropriate to limit (taking into account, however, the existing interstate agreements on visa-free entry) the possibility of the appearance in Russia of persons involved in drug trafficking or even simply suspected of this. In particular, we can talk about special stamps in the passports of citizens of the near abroad, the presence of which will make it impossible for them to stay on the territory of the Russian Federation.

There is an obvious need to improve the efficiency of the activities of law enforcement agencies and special services in tracking the transactions of drug dealers known to them in order to prevent the laundering of proceeds from crime and undermine the financial and other economic base of the drug business.

Today, the need for a prompt solution to the issue of strengthening at all levels the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs involved in the fight against drug trafficking, as well as the structures of the State Customs Committee, is obvious. At the same time, special attention should be paid to key areas - Moscow and St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Astrakhan, Krasnodar region and North Caucasus, and the Far East.

It is important to raise the level of technical equipment of all services fighting drug trafficking. It is expedient to use more widely new technical means to combat the transport of drugs, in particular gas analyzers that are capable of capturing narcotic microparticles in any environment.

The subdivisions of the Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation are one of the main subjects of the fight against drug trafficking, the successful implementation of their tasks and functions in this area largely depends on the correct formulation of information support.

Information support should become a source of intensification of the activities of the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia in combating drug trafficking, rationalization of the use of forces and means already at their disposal, and ensuring the adoption of adequate legal and organizational decisions.

Therefore, the need to rethink the achieved scientific results and develop new theoretical and practical approaches to ensuring the issue of information support of the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia requires research of a higher scientific level and a wide theoretical range.

A comprehensive program for the development of information support for the activities of the service can become a source of intensification of the activities of the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia in combating drug trafficking, providing for:

• - development of the concept of information support;
• - creation of specialized subdivisions within the structure of the Federal Drug Control Service, whose functions include the creation of information databases on combating drug trafficking, the organization of continuous monitoring;
• - the spread of drug addiction, ensuring interaction with the media in raising the level of awareness of citizens about combating drug trafficking, etc.;
• - development and approval of regulations on specialized units of the Federal Drug Control Service;
• - amendments to the regulations of the Federal Drug Control Service on the organizational and staffing structure of the regional departments of the Federal Drug Control Service.

Approved

Federal Drug Control Service of Russia

CONCEPT

STATE ANTI-DRUG POLICY

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Introduction

The need to develop the Concept of the state anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation is due to changes in the geopolitical situation in the world, globalization and, as a result, the intensification of transnational crime, the emergence of new challenges and threats, primarily related to the spread of heroin and "synthetic drugs", a significant backlog of the legal framework from the current dynamics of the development of the drug situation in the country, as well as new tasks facing the state system of anti-drug activities.

The main reason for the growing heroin pressure on the Russian Federation lies outside its borders - in the military-political and economic situation in Afghanistan, which gave rise to large-scale exports of opiates to Russia. Currently, the world produces 2 times more opiates than 10 years ago, and almost all of this production (94%) is concentrated in Afghanistan.

The modern drug situation in the Russian Federation is characterized by the expansion of the illegal distribution of non-medical drug use, which poses a serious threat to the health of the nation, the country's economy, law and order and state security.

The main source of drug trafficking in the country is increasingly becoming drug expansion organized by international criminal communities.

The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on May 12, 2009, recognizes the spread of drug addiction and the activities of transnational criminal groups and organizations associated with illegal trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as one of the sources of threats to national security.

The restructuring of the drug market continues in the direction of highly concentrated narcotic substances, such as heroin, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, which contribute to the rapid development of physical and mental addictions, personality degradation, and the appearance of serious somatic complications.

The main threat is posed by opiates produced in Afghanistan, which are used by up to 90% of drug addicts.

Cocaine, synthetic drugs, cannabinoids, as well as drugs made from local plant materials and from medicines that are on free sale.

To date, regulatory gaps have not been eliminated. legal regulation anti-drug activities, the provisions of the UN anti-drug conventions are not fully implemented, Russian legislation is not fully brought into line with accepted international obligations.

The Guiding Principles and Main Directions of Activities in the Russian Federation on Combating the Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances for the Period up to 2008, approved by the decision of the meeting of the members of the Security Council of the Russian Federation in 1999 in development of the Concept of State Policy in the field countering drug abuse and illicit trafficking, approved in 1993 by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation.

Due to the lack of organizational and legal regulation, the current system of registration of drug users, based on the principles of voluntariness and anonymity of treatment, does not reflect the real state of affairs. Due to the imperfection of registration of drug users, there is no objective system for recording deaths related directly or indirectly to drug use. For this reason, and also due to the lack of an effective system for researching and evaluating the drug situation, the federal executive authorities concerned do not have real data on the prevalence of drug addiction, the capacity of the drug market, and sources of illegal income.

The losses of society from drug addiction, including the negative impact on the demography and health of the nation, the volumetric negative socio-economic consequences are incomparable with the measures taken today, including financial ones, to curb it, organize the prevention and treatment of drug addicts.

In the context of the demographic crisis, a further increase in the number of drug addicts, most of whom are young people reproductive age capable of leading to the degradation of the nation.

1. General Provisions

The concept of the state anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Concept) is an officially adopted system of fundamental views that determine the measures and organization of the practical activities of the state in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, as well as countering their illicit trafficking. The problem of the spread of drug addiction in the Russian Federation is seen as a threat aimed at all spheres of life, including national security, the life and health of citizens, and the moral foundations of society. The Concept formulates the main goals and directions of the state anti-drug policy.

The concept is a fundamental document for the development, improvement and adjustment of the state anti-drug policy and is aimed at coordinating the activities of state authorities, local governments, public associations in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, precursors and counteracting their illicit trafficking.

The main provisions of the Concept develop the provisions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 and the Concept for the long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020.

The state anti-drug policy is a system of activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation and its subjects, local governments municipalities, anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, public organizations and religious associations, aimed at preventing, detecting and suppressing illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, drug addiction prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts.

Anti-drug activities - the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, local self-government bodies of municipalities, the State Anti-Drug Committee, anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, public organizations and religious associations to implement state anti-drug policy.

The goal of the state anti-drug policy is to reduce the level of narcotization of society by establishing strict control over the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to their illegal circulation and consumption, forming a system of measures to provide sufficient and effective assistance to patients with a narcological profile, forming in society intolerance to non-medical consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

This goal is achieved by solving the following main tasks:

Reducing the supply of drugs by eliminating their illegal production and trafficking within the country and reducing the level of external drug aggression;

Reducing the demand for drugs by organizing a systemic interaction of preventive mechanisms, incl. propaganda, medical, rehabilitation and legislative work.

The main directions of the state anti-drug policy:

Implementation of a nationwide set of measures to curb the illegal distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Development of measures to adequately counteract their illegal import into the territory of the Russian Federation;

Development and strengthening of international cooperation in the field of anti-drug activities on a multilateral and bilateral basis;

Ensuring reliable state control over the legal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors;

Development and implementation of the state system for monitoring and evaluating the development of the drug situation in the Russian Federation, as the basis for the effective implementation of the state anti-drug policy;

Creation of a state system for the prevention of drug addiction, as well as the treatment and medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts, including minors;

Improving the organizational and legal support of anti-drug activities;

Subjects of anti-drug activities and their powers:

The leadership of anti-drug activities is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation.

The State Anti-Drug Committee coordinates the activities of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies of municipalities and anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the implementation of the state anti-drug policy.

Anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation ensure coordination of the activities of territorial bodies of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies of municipalities in the prevention of drug addiction and combating drug trafficking within their powers;

The Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation performs the functions of implementing the state anti-drug policy, legal regulation, control and supervision in the sphere of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, as well as in the field of countering their illegal circulation;

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Service, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and other federal executive bodies shall carry out the functions of combating illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors within the limits granted to them by the President of the Russian Federation or Government of the Russian Federation powers.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation exercises control over the international activities of all executive authorities exercising functions in the above-mentioned area in order to pursue a unified foreign policy line of the Russian Federation in the international arena.

The General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation supervises the implementation of legislation in the field of anti-drug activities.

The highest officials (heads of the highest executive bodies of state power) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, within the framework of their powers, manage anti-drug activities on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation implement the state anti-drug policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Public organizations and religious associations of religious directions traditional for the territory of the Russian Federation carry out the prevention of the spread of drug addiction and the rehabilitation of drug addicts within their powers.

The legal basis for the fight against illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors are: the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, Federal Law of January 8, 1998 N 3-FZ "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances", federal laws, presidential decrees Russian Federation and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, normative legal acts of state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, normative acts of federal executive authorities, normative acts of local self-government bodies of municipalities.

Along with the main areas of anti-drug activities carried out by the federal executive authorities, federal and regional target programs are being implemented in the field of combating drug abuse and illicit trafficking.

Decisions and measures taken by state authorities in the field of combating drug trafficking are based on the principles of openness, specificity, preemptive action, ensuring the equality of all before the law and the inevitability of responsibility, relying on the support of society, legality, observance of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens.

2. System of measures to reduce the supply of drugs

2.1. Measures to combat drug trafficking on the territory of the Russian Federation

The fight against illicit drug trafficking is carried out on the basis of a nationwide set of measures, including preventive ones, aimed at suppressing this type of criminal activity, primarily to identify and suppress the activities of transnational criminal groups and organizations associated with illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances .

These measures include:

Strengthening the coordination of anti-drug activities of law enforcement agencies and special services to combat illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

Identification and suppression of organized criminal communities (criminal organizations);

Undermining the economic foundations of organized drug crime, countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime;

Identification of places of possible production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as well as persons reasonably suspected of involvement in the illegal production of drugs, and organization of their operational control;

Identification and destruction using modern scientific and technical means of illegal crops and foci of natural growth of wild plants containing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, clandestine laboratories and equipment used for the illicit manufacture of drugs;

Reclamation and return to agricultural circulation of lands littered with wild plants containing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

Training and strengthening of personnel of state bodies involved in combating drug trafficking;

Technical and technological re-equipment of drug control authorities and other law enforcement agencies operating in the field of combating illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors adequately to the existing drug threat;

Development of a system for identifying new types of narcotic substances in order to classify them and resolve the issue of inclusion in lists I, II, III of the List of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors subject to control in the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;

Creation of a system for identifying narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances withdrawn from illegal circulation;

2.2. Measures to combat drug trafficking

The main direction of countering the illegal import of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances into the territory of the Russian Federation is the elimination of drug trafficking (illegal movement of drugs) from Afghanistan.

The distribution of drugs, primarily the opium group, in the Russian Federation is associated with the development of the drug situation in Afghanistan, where, according to UNODC experts, about 94% of the total amount of opiates produced in the world is produced, at least 35% of which is illegally supplied to the territory of the Russian Federation.

Since November 2001, the volume of opiate production in Afghanistan has increased 44 times, Afghanistan has essentially turned into a drug state, the main source of income of which is the production and sale of opiates.

Afghan drug trafficking is a global threat on a global scale, the main blow of which, first of all, is directed at the Russian Federation.

Other areas of the fight against drug trafficking are countering the illegal import of cocaine into the Russian Federation from Latin America, from European countries and China - synthetic drugs, from Morocco - cannabinoids, from the states of Central Asia - marijuana and hashish.

The fight against drug trafficking is carried out through the implementation of the following measures:

Improving the arrangement and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation, primarily in the main directions of drug trafficking;

Strengthening border and customs control of goods arriving through the channels of transport communications;

Improving the system of personal registration of foreign citizens and stateless persons crossing the state border of the Russian Federation;

Strengthening control over the production, import and export of precursors to block the channels for their delivery to Afghanistan, the states of Europe and Central Asia, and Turkey;

Expansion of cross-border cooperation with subdivisions of the competent departments of neighboring states;

Creation, together with the competent authorities of the states concerned, of a system for analyzing the drug situation in order to increase the effectiveness of counteracting transnational criminal groups and organizations associated with illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

Organizing, together with foreign partners, the fight against cross-border crime, suppressing the activities of organized criminal groups specializing in the smuggling of drugs in order to increase the effectiveness of countering Afghan drug trafficking on distant approaches;

Development of cooperation in the field of personnel training for the competent authorities of foreign states;

Development of a set of measures to strengthen control over the routes of possible transportation of drugs along the main directions of drug trafficking;

Improvement of migration legislation.

2.3. Strengthening international cooperation

The global nature of drug trafficking, which does not recognize state borders and serves as a financial basis for organized crime, terrorism, and corruption, poses a real threat to the life and health of mankind, and the national security of states.

The problem of the spread of drugs in Russia is an integral part of the global problem of drug addiction, which requires coordinated and balanced actions of the entire world community.

One of the priorities of the Russian Federation in addressing global problems in the context of strengthening international security is a purposeful counteraction to drug trafficking, cooperation with other states in a multilateral format, primarily within the framework of specialized international bodies, and on a bilateral basis.

The legal basis for international cooperation in the field of combating illicit drug trafficking is formed by the UN universal conventions: the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 and other international normative legal acts to which the Russian Federation is a party.

The United Nations (UN) and its Security Council play a central coordinating role in combating drug trafficking.

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG) are considered as one of the main interstate instruments designed to counter regional challenges and threats, including the fight against illicit trafficking narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

Countering the illegal supply of drugs from the territory of Afghanistan is the main task for Russia in the anti-drug sphere, since the heroin and opium in the Russian illegal drug market are almost 100% of Afghan origin.

The main goals of the anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation in this area are to prevent the penetration of drugs from Afghanistan into Russia, the creation and strengthening of anti-drug and financial "security belts" around it, which are designed to prevent the smuggling of Afghan drugs and the import of precursors for the production of heroin into Afghanistan, as well as the elimination in cooperation with the authorities of Afghanistan, the drug industry created there.

The international activities of the Russian Federation in the field of combating drug trafficking will be aimed at solving the following tasks:

Giving the Afghan drug threat the status of a global threat to the world community along with terrorism and arms proliferation mass destruction and international piracy;

Giving drug-criminal formations, in accordance with the norms of international law, a status similar to terrorist ones, by forming an appropriate internationally recognized sanctions list of such formations, organizations and persons who lead them;

Strengthening anti-drug cooperation with the competent authorities of the states concerned, as well as specialized structures of the UN system, other international and regional organizations, increasing its impact and effectiveness, primarily in the fight against the Afghan drug threat;

Intensification of efforts undertaken by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan to assist the government of this country, provincial reconstruction teams, their activities in the interests of implementing the national and provincial anti-drug strategies and action plans of the government of Afghanistan, the introduction of alternative crops, development Agriculture in general, to undermine the socio-economic foundations of the drug industry;

Preparation and implementation, using the political potential of the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO, of the "Roadmap for international assistance in drug control in Afghanistan", which determines the individual stages and directions of international cooperation in this field, the volumes and sources of necessary funding, establishes the expected results and indicators of the effectiveness of the relevant programs ;

Increasing the role and effectiveness of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan in countering the illicit production and trafficking of narcotic drugs in this country;

Facilitating the organization of targeted donor assistance to drug transit countries, including through the mechanisms of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) with monitoring of its effectiveness;

Implementation of a set of measures to further implement the concept of creating anti-drug and financial "security belts" around Afghanistan in order to prevent drug smuggling from this country and the importation of precursors for the production of heroin into its territory, combating the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds from the drug business, including the sale measures aimed at strengthening border control on the border of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as on the borders of states adjacent to Afghanistan, primarily Tajikistan;

Strengthening, in cooperation with the CSTO, the CIS, the SCO, the EAG, and other regional and international organizations, "anti-drug and financial security belts" around Afghanistan;

Strengthening multifaceted cooperation within the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO, including the development of agreed political positions on the most important issues of combating drug trafficking;

Development of a mechanism for using the Collective Rapid Response Forces of the CSTO member states to combat drug trafficking;

Expansion of the use in the fight against illicit drug trafficking and their precursors of the potential of the Coordinating Council of the Heads of the Competent Authorities for Combating Illicit Trafficking in Drugs of the CSTO Member States (hereinafter referred to as the CSTO), including the conduct of purposeful work to create within the framework of the KSOPN a unified data bank on issues related to trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, as well as countering their illegal trafficking;

Ensuring the interests of the Russian Federation in missions, programs, events and operations in the field of anti-drug activities carried out within the framework of international, regional and subregional organizations;

Preparation and conduct of international operations and activities agreed with foreign partners, including the further regular conduct of the international operational and preventive operation "Channel" as part of the implementation of the decision of the CSTO Collective Security Council of September 5, 2008 on giving it the status of a permanent Regional Anti-Drug Operation;

Improving the international legal framework for interaction with foreign states and international organizations on issues of anti-drug cooperation;

Expansion of cross-border cooperation with neighboring states located on the Afghan drug trafficking routes;

Improving the mechanisms for international exchange of experience in the anti-drug sphere;

Development of anti-drug cooperation, including on issues of training and advanced training of representatives of competent authorities, with the countries of Central Asia, Afghanistan and countries producing and transiting cocaine, drugs of the conabioid group and synthetic drugs in the interests of the Russian Federation;

Providing international legal assistance in criminal cases initiated on the facts of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors;

Organization of control on the external sections of the borders of Belarus and Kazakhstan and the creation of conditions for ensuring the necessary level of protection of the future common customs territory;

Creation of mechanisms for international exchange of experience in the field of drug abuse prevention.

2.4. Measures to control the legal circulation of drugs and their precursors

The main line of activity in controlling the legal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors is to prevent the diversion of drugs from legal to illegal circulation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement measures that include:

Improving the requirements for licensing activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors;

Control over compliance with the state monopoly on the main types of activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

Strengthening control over the activities of legal entities (individual entrepreneurs) carrying out, in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their precursors;

Improving control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances from the moment of their import into the customs territory of the Russian Federation or production in the territory of the Russian Federation until they enter pharmacy, medical and preventive, educational research, expert and other institutions engaged in activities related to the circulation of narcotic funds and psychotropic substances;

Expansion of interaction between state authorities exercising control over the legal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, providing for joint measures to prevent leakage of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances into illicit circulation;

Raising the level of information and analytical activities of state authorities, improving the mechanism for collecting, processing and analyzing incoming information on the legal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, creating unified databases (including the formation of needs for narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors used in legal circulation);

Revision of the List of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors subject to control in the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, in order to bring them into line with international law (for a number of potent substances) and as part of the creation of a unified system of non-tariff regulation in the customs union;

Development of domestic production of narcotic drugs (including pharmaceutical substances), as well as analytical (standard) samples of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in order to replace their imports;

Improving control over the circulation of codeine-containing drugs;

Organization of the study of commodity flows, assessment of the needs for legal controlled drugs and streamlining the free circulation of drugs used in the manufacture of narcotic drugs in an artisanal way.

3. System of measures to reduce the demand for drugs

3.1. Research and assessment (monitoring) of the drug situation in the Russian Federation

Monitoring of the drug situation is carried out as part of a regular study of socio-economic, demographic, international, rule-making, law enforcement processes and phenomena in Russia and in the world.

The organization of monitoring of the drug situation provides for:

Development of a unified state system for monitoring and evaluating the development of the drug situation in the country (at the federal and regional levels) using modern information technologies for transmitting and processing data;

Ensuring the completeness and reliability of information about the objects of study;

Development of basic criteria that provide a unified approach to assessing the results of drug research.

The main objects of monitoring the drug situation:

Causes and conditions contributing to the spread of drug addiction and offenses related to drug trafficking, the effectiveness of measures to eliminate them;

The scale of the spread of illegal drug use based on departmental statistics and the results of sociological studies, including in order to determine the level of latency;

Criminological aspects of the distribution and illegal consumption of drugs, including determining the main trends and patterns of development of crime in the field of drug trafficking, assessing the ratio of the number of registered serious and especially serious crimes to the number of registered crimes in the field of drug trafficking;

Efficiency of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of illegal drug users;

According to the results of monitoring the drug situation:

Trends and scenarios for the development of the drug situation in the Russian Federation and its regions are determined in order to identify areas with high level narcotization of the population, assessment of the impact of narcotization on socio-economic development and security;

3.2. Drug Prevention Measures

The purpose of prevention is to prevent the emergence and spread of drug addiction and the formation of a negative attitude towards drug addiction in society.

Prevention of drug addiction includes a set of measures of a political, economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, cultural, educational, sports and recreational and other nature.

The organization and implementation of measures to prevent illegal drug use and drug addiction should be carried out by the state authorities of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, including structures and institutions subordinate to them, local self-government bodies of municipalities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal institutions, organizations and institutions of other forms of ownership, public organizations and religious associations.

Prevention is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary, and in modern terminology - universal, selective, indicative.

Primary (universal) prevention of drug addiction is aimed at preventing the onset of drug use by people who have not used them before.

It is aimed at the general population, including children, adolescents and youth, and is social in nature.

Primary prevention tasks include:

Reducing the risk group for drug use, early identification of persons predisposed to drug use;

Formation of a negative attitude of children, adolescents and young people to drugs;

Formation of personal responsibility for one's behavior, which causes a decrease in demand for drugs;

Formation of motivation for a healthy lifestyle;

Formation of hygienically appropriate skills and habits of behavior;

Formation of a negative attitude of children, adolescents, youth and adults towards drugs.

Secondary (selective) prevention of drug addiction is selective and focused on people who occasionally use drugs, as well as people who use drugs with harmful consequences, that is, with signs of the formation of drug addiction. It is aimed at reducing the duration of the effects of drugs on the human body, the complete cessation of further drug use, preventing the formation of a chronic disease, as well as restoring the personal and social status of the individual.

The tasks of secondary prevention include:

Timely identification of drug users;

Ensuring the availability and quality of narcological medical care;

Provision of qualified psychological, pedagogical and social assistance;

Identification of risk groups among various segments of the population for targeted preventive work;

Conducting mandatory scheduled and unscheduled medical examinations of risk groups and professional groups whose work is associated with sources of increased danger in order to identify drug addiction pathologies.

Tertiary (indicative) prevention of drug addiction - focused on drug addicts and is predominantly medical in nature. It is aimed at preventing further drug use, reducing the harm of drug use, helping patients to overcome the disease, as well as preventing the recurrence of the disease in drug addicts who have stopped using drugs.

In order to improve the prevention of drug addiction, the following measures are taken:

Creation of a state system for the prevention of drug addiction and related offenses;

Organization of general special and individual prevention of drug addiction and prevention of drug crime in the system of educational work in educational institutions of various types and types, the introduction of compulsory educational courses on the prevention of addictive behavior, spiritual, moral and legal education;

Strengthening the health of the population, reducing morbidity, creating conditions for the formation of motivation for a healthy lifestyle;

Development of a system for the early detection of illegal drug users and persons prone to their use in different segments of the population (schoolchildren, students, conscripts, military personnel, athletes, employees of enterprises and organizations) for targeted preventive work, which provides for the introduction of mandatory testing for drug use;

Organization of educational work and anti-drug propaganda for various target groups of the population of the Russian Federation;

Organization of state support for mass sports, creation of conditions for the involvement of children and youth in systematic physical education and sports;

Organization and development of volunteer youth anti-drug movement;

Organization of state support for the activities of non-governmental organizations and associations involved in the prevention of drug addiction;

Improving the effectiveness of preventive measures with high-risk groups of non-medical drug use;

Organization and implementation of activities aimed at shaping the motivation for treatment and rehabilitation among illegal drug users and persons prone to their use;

Studying and putting into practice the most effective forms and methods of preventive work, the results of scientific research in the field of drug addiction prevention;

Creation of centers for psychological and pedagogical diagnostics aimed at timely identification of illegal drug users and persons prone to their consumption; creation and strengthening of the material and technical base and human resources of Centers for psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation and correction of minors who abuse drugs, in order to timely identify persons who are prone to to their consumption, and providing them with qualified psychological, pedagogical and medical and social assistance;

Methodological support of the activities of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies of municipalities, aimed at managing measures to prevent drug addiction and offenses related to drug trafficking;

Raise professional level specialists of the system of education, healthcare, social protection, law enforcement agencies, other departments, as well as employees of public (non-governmental) organizations on drug prevention;

Strengthening the material and technical base and personnel of narcological medical institutions, organizations and institutions working in the field of treatment and rehabilitation of people with drug addiction, prevention of drug addiction and offenses related to drug trafficking;

Organization of effective state support for museums, libraries, clubs, houses of culture in the regions (strengthening the material and technical base, information support, attracting specialists and teachers), i.е. creation of conditions for the mass involvement of children, adolescents and youth in creative activities;

Organization and improvement of the work of public narcological posts in educational institutions of all types and types;

Organization of interaction with public associations, religious denominations and other non-governmental organizations for the prevention of drug addiction;

Legislating the use of testing to detect drugs in the human body, and using the results as a basis for legal consequences and restrictions on individual rights of citizens in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

Development of drug addiction treatment methods using innovative technologies;

Increasing the availability of qualified psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance (including preventive correction) for families and youth;

Development of a system of preclinical counseling, including medical genetic counseling;

Development of a research base in the field of drug addiction prevention in the system of education, healthcare, social protection, law enforcement agencies;

Development of criteria for evaluating and introducing mandatory examination of educational and preventive programs implemented by non-governmental organizations for compliance with legal, medical, spiritual and moral standards and the requirements of preventive activities;

Legislative and organizational provision of liability of legal entities specializing in leisure and entertainment activities for failure to take appropriate measures to prevent the facts of drug trafficking.

3.3. Measures to provide narcological medical care to patients with drug addiction

The main goal of the development of narcological medical institutions is to increase the availability and quality of medical narcological care, contributing to the full, timely detection and involvement in treatment, and medical and social rehabilitation of people who illegally use drugs.

Narcological medical care for patients with drug addiction includes examination, counseling, diagnosis, treatment and medical and social rehabilitation.

At the same time, drug addiction diagnostics, examination, counseling and medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts are carried out in institutions of the state and municipal health care systems that have received a license for this type of activity in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Treatment of patients with drug addiction is carried out by institutions of the state and municipal health care system.

Patients with drug addiction in the provision of drug treatment to them enjoy the rights of patients in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens.

When applying for narcological medical assistance, citizens must be warned about the social and legal consequences associated with their diagnosis of drug addiction, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, including:

Restrictions on occupation by certain species professional activity and activities associated with a source of increased danger, including a ban on possession of weapons, as well as driving vehicles;

Establishment of medical supervision for patients with drug addiction;

Statement on the appropriate type of accounting, control and preventive work by employees of the internal affairs bodies.

The organization of the provision of specialized medical care in narcological dispensaries and other specialized medical institutions (with the exception of federal specialized medical institutions, the list of which is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation) refers to the powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, carried out by them independently at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The development of narcological medical care provides for:

Prevention of the introduction of harm reduction programs, including, among other things, substitution therapy, opening of injection rooms and others;

Ensuring the availability of narcological medical care;

Ensuring the preparation and implementation of the procedure for providing narcological medical care to drug addicts, as well as standards for its provision;

Ensuring the organization of the procedure for medical supervision of drug addicts;

Increase in the number and material and technical support of specialized narcological institutions;

Target financing of narcological dispensaries and other specialized narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the nomenclature of healthcare institutions approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation;

Systematic training and advanced training of specialists in the field of narcological medical care (psychiatrists-narcologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, medical psychologists, social workers, doctors of other specialties, as well as primary health care specialists);

Strengthening the human resources capacity of narcological dispensaries and other specialized narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the nomenclature of healthcare institutions approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, as well as federal specialized narcological medical institutions;

Development and implementation of modern methods for diagnosing drug addiction, examination, treatment of drug addicts;

State support for scientific research in the development of new methods for diagnosing drug addiction, examination, treatment of drug addicts and their rehabilitation;

Development of emergency and emergency medical care, taking into account the narcological profile;

Improving the system of providing narcological assistance to drug addicts in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service.

3.4. Measures for the implementation of the rehabilitation of people with drug addiction

Rehabilitation is a set of medical, psychological, pedagogical and social measures aimed at restoring the physical, mental, spiritual and social health, socially significant resources of a person's personality and further socialization in society of a person who illegally uses drugs and who applied for medical and other assistance. It should be aimed at reducing the negative medical and social consequences of the disease, preventing disability and improving the quality of life of both the person being rehabilitated and his immediate environment.

Medical-psychological and medical-social rehabilitation is aimed at restoring the physical and mental health of people who are addicted to drugs or seek medical help and who are diagnosed with the use of narcotic and toxic substances with harmful consequences. It is carried out only by medical institutions for psychiatric and drug treatment.

Psychological, pedagogical and socio-psychological rehabilitation is aimed at restoring the psychological, spiritual and social health of drug addicts and can be carried out by non-medical institutions and organizations of state or other forms of ownership, including with the involvement of the rehabilitation potential of public organizations and associations of religions traditional for Russia.

The tasks of rehabilitation of people with drug addiction include:

Formation of motivation to participate in rehabilitation programs;

Suppression of the main syndrome of drug addiction - a pathological craving for drugs with the help of consistent complex use of pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, sociotherapeutic and other measures;

Prevention of the medical and social consequences of drug abuse;

Medico-social prevention of breakdowns or relapses of the disease;

Formation of responsibility for one's behavior, as well as motivation to maintain a sober and healthy lifestyle;

Formation or restoration of communication skills and skills of systematic work (study);

Formation of a real life perspective, including purposeful activities and social interests;

Psychotherapeutic work with relatives of patients, aimed at expanding their knowledge of the medical and social consequences of drug use, teaching them the skills of psychological assistance to drug addicts, monitoring their condition in order to prevent relapses of the disease, as well as overcoming codependency;

Restoration of family relationships;

Improving the quality of life of drug addicts.

Medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts is carried out in institutions of the state, municipal or private healthcare systems that have received a license for the specified type of activity in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Currently, medical and social rehabilitation is considered as one of the priority areas of health care, thanks to which a really high efficiency of narcological medical care, including long-term therapeutic remissions, is ensured.

The social effect of the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation is expressed in improving the quality and increasing the life expectancy of drug addicts, maintaining or restoring their labor potential, reducing social and psychological tension in society due to the growing spread of drug addiction.

The main strategies for the development of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts in the Russian Federation are:

Development of a network of narcological institutions for medical and social rehabilitation of patients;

Target financing of narcological dispensaries and other specialized narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, included in the nomenclature of healthcare institutions approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, for the organization of the activities of narcological rehabilitation centers or departments;

Increasing the efficiency and accessibility of medical and social rehabilitation for drug addicts, as well as for people who use drugs with harmful consequences who seek medical help;

Ensuring the preparation and implementation of the procedure for organizing the medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts, as well as the standards for its provision;

Organization of a system of training and employment of drug addicts who have undergone medical and social rehabilitation;

Strengthening the human resources capacity of drug rehabilitation centers (departments) in order to ensure a team method of working with drug addicts;

Systematic training and retraining of specialists (psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists, social workers) on the issues of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;

Development of evaluation criteria and methodology for monitoring the effectiveness of the work of narcological rehabilitation centers (departments);

Development and implementation of modern methods of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;

State support for scientific research in the field of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;

Perfection interagency cooperation in the field of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts, including the interaction of medical, educational, social institutions and public organizations;

Strengthening state control over the activities of non-state, including confessional, rehabilitation organizations in order to prevent violations of the current legislation in the field of protection of civil rights;

Settlement of issues of licensing and control of social rehabilitation activities of non-state and confessional rehabilitation organizations, determining the terms of rehabilitation in state and non-state centers, providing social insurance for the period of rehabilitation of a drug addict, occupational therapy, employment and job quotas.

4. Improving the organizational and legal support of anti-drug activities

Improving the organizational forms and methods of anti-drug activities includes:

Creation of a unified information and analytical center for assessing the drug situation in the Russian Federation;

Creation in federal districts drug analysis centers;

Development and implementation of interdepartmental information resources on the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, as well as countering their illicit trafficking;

Improving the system for identifying and recording drug addicts;

Providing funding for the activities of federal targeted anti-drug programs and targeted anti-drug programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Methodological support for the activities of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies of municipalities in organizing a system for the prevention of drug addiction and offenses related to drug trafficking, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts at the regional and municipal levels;

Strengthening the material and technical base and organizing the training of personnel of state and municipal bodies and institutions subordinate to them, carrying out activities in the field of prevention of drug addiction and offenses related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts;

Introduction of additional measures of social protection of persons engaged in the fight against illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors;

Development of measures for the organization and financing of scientific research to identify the causes of drug addiction, trends in its spread and methods of rehabilitation;

Involvement of non-state enterprises and organizations, as well as citizens, in the fight against the spread of drug addiction and the development of a network of institutions for the medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts.

The development of the legal framework for anti-drug activities is the basis for reliable protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, as well as compliance with the international legal obligations of the Russian Federation and human rights, and includes:

Differentiation of the responsibility of persons guilty of drug-related offenses, while maintaining strict penalties for the most dangerous acts;

Clarification of the volumes of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances used as qualifying signs;

Separation of smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, as well as their analogues, precursors, tools or equipment used for the manufacture of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, and smuggling of potent and toxic substances into an independent crime;

Strengthening responsibility for the sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in a correctional institution, educational institution or places used for educational, sports and social events, places of leisure and recreation;

Strengthening responsibility for the sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues using a person who has not reached the age of criminal responsibility as an intermediary;

Strengthening responsibility for the dissemination on the Internet of materials containing propaganda of drug consumption;

Improving control measures for the legal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances used for the purposes provided for by the Federal Law "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances";

Establishment of requirements for the circulation of medicines containing small amounts of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors;

Strengthening the responsibility of legal entities or individuals for organizing activities aimed at generating interest in narcotic drugs, promoting the safety of their consumption by using the names of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their images and other actions performed for these purposes;

Establishing the liability of legal entities (administrations of entertainment establishments) in case of detection of facts of sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for connivance in the distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (creation of conditions for committing crimes related to drug trafficking);

Adoption of regulatory legal acts on organizing the exchange of information between cooperating departments in order to eliminate shortcomings in promptly informing law enforcement agencies about persons involved in drug trafficking;

Creation of conditions conducive to the passage of treatment for drug addiction as an alternative to imprisonment in relation to persons with drug addiction who have committed crimes of small or medium gravity;

Legislative consolidation of the concept of analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, development of unified criteria for the expert evaluation of substances with a view to classifying them as analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, amending the current legislation in order to limit the circulation of analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

Changing the procedure for issuing permits for the right to own weapons and the right to drive vehicles, including in terms of conducting medical examinations for drug use;

Establishment of contingents of persons subject to testing for the consumption of narcotic substances;

Establishment of categories of officials authorized to send for medical examination of persons in respect of whom there is reason to believe that they are in a state of narcotic intoxication or have used narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription;

Increasing the role of anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of legislative consolidation of the mandatory execution of decisions of commissions for territorial bodies of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, business entities registered in the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

Adoption of normative legal acts regulating the joint work and functions of federal executive bodies in the field of combating drug trafficking and preventing drug addiction of the population;

Adoption of normative legal acts providing for the inclusion of issues of the activities of local governments in the field of prevention of drug addiction of the population in the list of issues of local importance;

Strengthening responsibility for the sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues, especially for persons involved in the suppression of the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and their precursors, as well as those working in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals and education and (or) using official position;

Development of a regulatory legal framework that defines the rules and procedure for medical examination of persons in the state of intoxication.

Conclusion

The implementation of the measures provided for by the Concept is possible only with the consolidation of the whole society, all state authorities and administrations, public associations and organizations.

- Strategy of the state anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation until 2020, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2010 N 690.

(Extract)

<...>

IV. Improving the system of measures to reduce demand

on drugs

State system for the prevention of non-medical drug use

24. The state system for the prevention of non-medical drug use - a set of measures of a political, economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, cultural, physical culture and sports and other nature aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of non-medical drug use and drug addiction.

The strategic goal of the prevention of non-medical drug use is to reduce the scale of non-medical drug use, to form a negative attitude towards drug trafficking and consumption, and to significantly reduce the demand for them.

• 25. The achievement of the named goal is carried out by solving the following main tasks:
  • a) formation of a negative attitude in society towards non-medical drug use, including through active anti-drug propaganda and counteraction to propaganda and illegal advertising of drugs and other psychoactive substances, raising public awareness of the negative consequences of non-medical drug use and the responsibility for participating in their illegal circulation, conducting a competent information policy in the media;
  • b) organization and implementation of preventive measures with risk groups for non-medical drug use;
  • c) organization of preventive work in organized (labor and educational) teams;
  • d) development of a system for the early detection of illicit drug users, in particular through annual medical examinations;
  • e) creating conditions for the involvement of citizens in anti-drug activities, the formation, stimulation of development and state support for the activities of the volunteer youth anti-drug movement, public anti-drug associations and organizations involved in the prevention of drug addiction;
  • f) the formation of personal responsibility for one's behavior, which causes a decrease in demand for drugs;
  • g) formation of psychological immunity to drug use in school-age children, their parents and teachers.
• 26. State authorities at all levels, local authorities, public associations and religious organizations, citizens, including specialists from educational, medical, cultural and educational institutions, volunteers of youth organizations.

Measures for the prevention of non-medical drug use are intended for all categories of the population, primarily for children and young people who are in unfavorable family and social conditions, in difficult life situation, as well as for persons at risk of non-medical drug use.

• 27. One of the preferred areas of anti-drug activity is the inclusion in the main and additional educational programs of general educational institutions and institutions of vocational education sections on the prevention of substance abuse, as well as programs aimed at the relevant target audiences (hereinafter referred to as targeted programs). At the same time, the implementation targeted programs should cover the following age and social groups:
  • a) children and adolescents under the age of 17 inclusive (students, pupils of educational institutions and convicts in educational colonies of the penitentiary system of Russia);
  • b) youth under the age of 30 inclusive;
  • c) the working population;
  • d) conscripts and military personnel.
• 28. When carrying out preventive measures, preference should be given to a combination of individual and group methods of work, as well as methods of direct and indirect (indirect) influence on persons at risk of non-medical drug use, development and disclosure of the resources of the psyche and personality, support for a young person and assistance to him in self-realization of one's own life purpose.

It is also necessary to develop mechanisms for social partnership between government agencies and Russian companies and corporations, public associations and organizations in the course of carrying out anti-drug preventive measures.

Narcological medical care

• 29. The provision of narcological medical assistance to persons who allow non-medical drug use is carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens.
• 30. Current state system of narcological medical care is determined by:
  • a) insufficient effectiveness of narcological medical care;
  • b) reduction in the number of specialized state narcological medical institutions and the deterioration of their staffing;
  • c) insufficient financial and technical support for narcological medical care.
• 31. The strategic goal of the state policy in the development of narcological medical care is the timely identification and treatment of people who illegally use drugs, the improvement of narcological medical care for drug addicts, increasing its availability and quality, and reducing the mortality rate.
• 32. The main measures to improve the efficiency and development of narcological medical care:
  • a) preparation and approval of the procedure for the provision of narcological medical care and standards for the provision of narcological medical care;
  • b) improving the basics of legislative, economic and other support for the organization of mandatory forms of medical care for drug addicts, including issues of interdepartmental interaction and its information support;
  • c) formation of the state program of scientific research in the field of narcology;
  • d) preventing the use in the Russian Federation of substitution methods of drug addiction treatment using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances included in lists I and II of the list of narcotic drugs, as well as the legalization of the use of certain drugs for non-medical purposes;
  • e) improvement of methods for diagnosing drug addiction, examination, treatment of drug addicts;
  • f) regular training of specialists in the field of providing narcological medical care, raising the level of awareness of primary health care specialists on the organization of the provision of narcological medical care;

g) improving the financial support for the activities of specialized state narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, narcological departments of medical institutions of municipalities at the expense of budgets of all levels;

h) taking measures to strengthen social guarantees for employees of the narcological service.

Rehabilitation of drug addicts

• 33. Rehabilitation of drug addicts is defined as a set of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal and social measures aimed at restoring physical, mental, spiritual and social health, the ability to function in society (reintegration) without using drugs.
• 34. The current state of the rehabilitation system for people with drug addiction is determined by:
  • a) the imperfection of the regulatory framework for the rehabilitation of drug addicts;
  • b) insufficient financing of the rehabilitation link of narcological medical care at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
  • c) an insignificant number of narcological rehabilitation centers, as well as rehabilitation departments in the structure of existing narcological institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and a low level of their staffing;
  • d) underdevelopment of the system of motivation for non-medical drug users to participate in rehabilitation programs, as well as the mechanism for selecting participants for inclusion in rehabilitation programs;
  • e) insufficient effectiveness of medical and social measures that ensure the restoration of socially significant resources of the personality of a drug addict and his further socialization in society;
  • f) lack of conditions for social and labor reintegration of participants in rehabilitation programs.
• 35. The strategic goal of the state policy in the field of rehabilitation of drug addicts is the formation of a multi-level system that ensures access to effective rehabilitation programs for drug addicts, the restoration of their social and social status, and the improvement of the quality and length of life of drug addicts.
• 36. The main directions for the development of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts in the Russian Federation are:
  • a) organization of drug rehabilitation centers (departments) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
  • b) financing of narcological dispensaries and other specialized narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the organization of the activities of narcological rehabilitation units;
  • c) strengthening the staff of drug rehabilitation centers (departments) and subdivisions in order to ensure a team form of work with drug addicts;
  • d) systematic training and retraining of specialists (psychiatrists-narcologists, psychotherapists, medical psychologists, social workers, social work specialists) on the issues of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;
  • e) increasing the availability of medical and social rehabilitation for drug addicts, as well as for people who use drugs with harmful consequences who seek medical help;
  • f) organizing a system of education and employment for drug addicts who have undergone medical and social rehabilitation;
  • g) development of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the work of narcological rehabilitation centers (departments), as well as non-medical rehabilitation organizations;
  • h) improving the methods of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;
  • i) formation legal framework that ensure the use of the potential of traditional religious confessions, non-governmental and public organizations in the state system of rehabilitation assistance;
  • j) introduction of a system of state control over the activities of non-medical rehabilitation institutions, regardless of their organizational and legal form;
  • k) formation of an effective mechanism for state support of scientific research in the field of rehabilitation of drug addicts, development and implementation of innovative programs for the rehabilitation and reintegration of drug addicts;
  • l) formation of a system for informing the population about the range of rehabilitation services provided at the state, regional and municipal levels;
  • m) creation of mechanisms to motivate persons who allow non-medical drug use to participate in rehabilitation programs;
  • n) creation of mechanisms for purposeful work with relatives of persons participating in rehabilitation programs, ensuring the formation of a socially positive environment for those being rehabilitated;
  • o) development of mechanisms for state support of institutions that ensure social and labor reintegration of participants in rehabilitation programs.
• 37. The main measure for the development of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts is the preparation of a program for the development of medical and social rehabilitation, within the framework of which it is planned to introduce low-cost technologies and hospital-replacing forms of rehabilitation assistance into the activities of regional drug rehabilitation institutions, including the organization of medical and labor workshops, as well as to equip them with equipment for providing advisory, diagnostic and restorative medical care.

Achieving an optimal model for the full-fledged revival of Russia is closely related to the stability of the social system, a significant reduction in various threats to national interests, cultural property, humanistic traditions. Today, one of the main tasks on the path to strengthening Russian statehood is to ensure national security and eliminate external and internal threats to Russia's security. One of the most dangerous threats is drug addiction.

Anti-drug activity is presented as a constantly ongoing social process, based on the legal basis, the complex interaction of theory and social practice, state-public institutions and aimed at reducing drug addiction in society and reducing drug crimes.

AT modern world, and in particular in the Russian Federation, the scale of the drug threat has reached the same level as such problems as international terrorism and local wars. In this regard, anti-drug policy is of particular importance.

Anti-drug policy as a sphere public life includes relations between its subjects, managerial and organizational activities, the functioning of legal and socio-political institutions.

Consideration of anti-drug policy as a conscious activity in the legal and social spheres provides for the achievement of a specific result that reflects the level of effectiveness of countering drug aggression, the availability of reliable legal instruments in order to counter the destructive trends in Russia's social development.

Achieving the goal of reducing drug addiction and reducing drug crime, and therefore addressing the main issue of anti-drug policy, reflects the need for a permanent system of measures of state influence, mobilization of various civil society institutions and the Russian public to strengthen the fight against drug trafficking and drug business.

Since ancient times, the consumption of drugs and their turnover have been an integral part of social relations and are regulated by law. From the monuments of the law of ancient civilizations, numerous evidence of legal norms regulating activities related to drugs have come down to us. For example, in the dharmashastra of Manu (2nd century BC - 2nd century AD) there is a strict prescription for observing the rules for class consumption of soma: “Whoever has a three-year supply of food sufficient to support servants, or even more, is worthy of drinking soma” . Since the reign of Tamerlane (1336-1405), drug users and especially drug dealers have been subjected to severe penalties. The Chinese authorities made desperate drug control efforts for a century (edicts of 1729, 1799, 1808, 1809 and 1815).

The problem of drugs and legal counteraction to their distribution from century to century expanded geographically. It should be noted that the national legislation of all states provides for a large number of regulations to combat drug trafficking and the spread of drug addiction.

The right to use drugs, given the fact that they cause an unusual state of mind, had only a select few and for a specific purpose. For a long time, prohibitions were imposed on the distribution of drugs, and their unauthorized use entailed the most severe punishment. Thanks to these restrictions and prohibitions, many nations have protected themselves from the destructive effects of drug addiction.

In order to understand the structure of modern Russian legislation aimed at combating drug trafficking, it seems necessary to trace and comprehend the history of its formation, which spans several centuries, and also to define what we call narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are substances of synthetic or natural origin, preparations, plants included in the List of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors subject to control in the Russian Federation. This list is indicated in Article 2 of the Federal Law "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances". Depending on the danger and the control measures applied by the state, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are classified as follows:

Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the circulation of which is completely prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the circulation of which is limited and in respect of which special control measures are established;

Psychotropic substances, the circulation of which is restricted and for which the exception of certain control measures is allowed.

The executive branch, represented by the Government of the Russian Federation, approves the List of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors subject to control in the Russian Federation (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1998 No. 681).

Now let's move on to the analysis of the formation of state policy in relation to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

On the territory of Russia, since the adoption of Christianity, control over the use of drugs, in general, was carried out by the church. Violators of the rules for handling the potion according to the Charter of Prince Vladimir Monomakh "On tithes, courts and church people" (XI-XII centuries) were ordered to be severely persecuted, up to and including deprivation of life. Gradually, the functions of control over drug trafficking were transferred from church to secular authorities - to officials of the Robber and Zemsky orders. In general, the history of Russian drug laws can be divided into 3 stages.

The first is the laws of the period of control (1915-1990). AT Russian Empire until 1917, drug control was entrusted to the Ministry of the Interior. The Police Department and the Medical Department dealt directly with these issues. The growth of drug addiction problems prompted the monarchical authorities to adopt on June 7, 1915, the first special anti-drug criminal legal act in the history of Russia - the Decree "On Measures to Combat Opium Smoking". This law was signed by Nicholas II and acted on Far East. In addition to criminalizing acts related to drug trafficking, major Russian cities clinics for the treatment of drug addicts were opened. In 1918, the Decree on the nationalization of pharmacies selling narcotic drugs came into force, and in 1924, the Decree on criminal liability for the distribution of drugs. In 1938, the Council of People's Commissars established rules for the consumption, sale and transportation of drugs, poisonous and potent substances. From 1952 to 1962, an article was introduced into the republican criminal codes providing for responsibility for the sale, storage and transportation of drugs. In 1963, the USSR joins the "Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs" (1961), adopted by the UN and providing an international system for controlling drug trafficking. The Convention allowed the use of illicit drugs only for medical and scientific purposes. A positive role was played by the Decree "On strengthening the fight against drug addiction", put into effect in 1974 by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The decree had a pronounced complex coordinating character and was not a recommendatory document for the regions, but a binding document with the force of law. The decree was supplemented with important legislative provisions. On their basis, a provision was introduced into the Administrative Code of the RSFSR that allowed fines or administrative arrest for illegal drug use without a doctor's prescription or possession (acquisition) of them without the purpose of sale (for oneself) in small quantities. By the beginning of the 1980s, the problem of drug addiction in Soviet Russia began to worsen, the scale of the illegal trade in artisanal drugs increased, as well as the number of people who allowed their non-medical consumption. Drug trafficking began to threaten to become a serious criminal problem. Given the scale of the problem, its successful solution became possible only if coordinated nationwide preventive, social, organizational, medical and legal measures were taken. In this regard, in October 1982, a closed resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the organization of the fight against drug addiction was adopted, but no real practical measures were taken in this direction. Four years later (January 30, 1986), the Central Committee of the CPSU again adopts a resolution "On serious shortcomings in the organization of the fight against drug addiction", the implementation of which was given more serious attention to state bodies and the public. Thus, by the beginning of the 1990s, an effective, interconnected system of legal measures to combat drug addiction had developed in the USSR: administrative responsibility, criminal liability, compulsory and voluntary medical measures. A single legal field was created for the ministries and departments responsible for this area.

The second stage is the period of liberalism and attempts to decriminalize drug laws. On October 25, 1990, the Committee of the Constitutional Supervision of the USSR, with its Conclusion No. 8 (2-10) “On legislation on the issue of compulsory treatment and labor re-education of persons suffering from alcoholism and drug addiction”, actually began a liberal round in the drug policy of Russia. According to the Conclusion, “drug use was equated with an inalienable right of a person who is not obliged to anyone to take care of his own health.” It was emphasized that such a duty of a person cannot be ensured by coercive measures. The previous legal provisions lost their force, thereby destroying the single legal space necessary for the coordination of anti-drug forces, and creating conditions for the dominance of narrow departmental sectoral interests. In 1991, deputies of the Supreme Council considered that legal liability for illegal drug use without a doctor's prescription (both criminal and administrative) was incompatible with the new democratic Russia and the creation of an open society. From 1987 until December 5, 1991, for illegal drug use (without the permission of a doctor), according to the Administrative Code of the RSFSR, a fine or arrest of up to 15 days was due. On December 5, 1991, the deputies canceled this norm. At the same time, they abolished criminal measures for repeated illegal drug use within a year after the administrative punishment. Previously, these measures were carried out, although not often, but the threat of their use significantly restrained the growth in the number of drug addicts. In 1996, when the consequences of the state’s liberal attitude towards illegal drug use sharply aggravated the drug situation, the State Duma of the Russian Federation drafted a bill “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances”, according to which the use of narcotic drugs without the permission of a doctor was again prohibited. The law, having gone through the stages of the legislative process, was not signed by the President of the Russian Federation. In 1996, Russia was forced to adopt a new Criminal Code. In its wording, liberals from the State Duma are making an attempt to decriminalize the possession and purchase of drugs in small amounts. However, this attempt failed due to the position of the Standing Committee on Drug Control of the Ministry of Health of Russia, which, under the influence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, responded to liberal innovations in criminal law by revising its protocols on the value of “large size”, significantly reducing it, and actually reducing it to “small size ".

The third stage is the period of the beginning of a return to the control of illicit drug use.

The lack of consistency in the country's anti-drug policy complicated the drug situation so much that in 1998 the bill "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances", proposed in 1996, was adopted by the State Duma and signed by the President of Russia. In order to overcome departmental fragmentation and the dominance of the departmental approach over the state approach, in 1998 the Russian state absolutely correctly proclaimed in this law two specific goals in the field of drug control:

Gradual reduction in the number of drug addicts;

Reducing the number of offenses related to drug trafficking.

But the absence in Russia for a long time of a basic federal law in the field of legal regulation of drug trafficking has already had a negative impact on the formation of an effective state legal policy aimed at counteracting drug addiction in society. The new Federal Law in 1998 restored the ban on the consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription in the Russian Federation, with this change in legislation, society began to slowly return to the lost understanding of the need for practical control over the most insignificant, from the point of view of the fight against drug trafficking, and the most important, from the point of view of effective prevention of drug addiction, the stage of drug trafficking - their consumption without a doctor's prescription. Russian society is going through a difficult transitional period in its development on the way to becoming rule of law and gaining the status of a full-fledged participant in the processes taking place in the modern civilized world, the purpose of which is the development of democracy, the assertion of human rights and the dignity of the individual. Any transitional period is associated with the disorganization of state structures, the loss of the usual spiritual guidelines, the confrontation of political forces, these processes are developing today in our society in extremely complex and acute forms. The instability of the functioning of the emerging state system stimulates the growth of social tension and the aggravation of the crime situation.

Consider the existing this moment anti-drug legislation, as documents, in the content of which the essence of the implemented state anti-drug policy is concentrated, namely:

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Chapter 25 deals with crimes against public health and public morality;

Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses. Chapter 6 - Administrative offenses infringing on health, sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and public morality;

Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances". This federal law established the legal framework for the state policy in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and in the field of countering their illegal trafficking in order to protect the health of citizens, the state and public safety. At the same time, he determined the directions of state policy in the area under consideration, which play the role of priority legal restrictions:

State monopoly on the main types of activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

Licensing of all types of activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances;

The procedure for the cultivation of drug-containing plants;

Procedure for export and import of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances under state control;

Procedure for the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical purposes.

With the adoption of this law, for the first time in our country, the procedure for compiling lists of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances subject to control in the Russian Federation was established. The Law "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances" positioned Russia as a subject that actively forms and implements the state-legal policy of counteracting drug addiction in the country. The law was developed in the spirit of the recommendations of the United Nations Program on Drugs and received its approval. By adopting the law, Russia demonstrated that its official policy is aimed at tough government counteraction to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

This law determined that “the state policy in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and in the field of combating their illicit trafficking will be aimed in practice at establishing strict control over the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, at a gradual reduction in the number of drug addicts, as well as at reducing the number of offenses related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances.

Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Article 81 (paragraph 6 "b"): termination employment contract on the part of the employer in connection with the appearance of the employee at work (at his workplace or on the territory of the organization - the employer or the facility where, on behalf of the employer, the employee must perform a labor function) in a state of alcoholic, narcotic or other toxic intoxication.

The search for new, promising ideas to overcome the drug addiction of the Russian society should be carried out from the standpoint of the theory of conflict. Drug crime is just one side social conflict, in the resolution of which the relevant state policy plays a decisive role. At the same time, the counteraction to drug crime, in contrast to the fight against it, includes not only the activities of law enforcement agencies to prevent, detect, suppress, disclose and investigate crimes, but also targeted activities carried out by various departments, public organizations, individual citizens, that is, all society. The insufficient effectiveness of counteracting the drug addiction of the Russian society is the result of the development of a conflict that arises and develops between legal restrictions and legal opportunities operating in the sphere of trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. On the one hand, the state forms quite certain restrictions on the opportunities of citizens regarding the use and distribution of drugs, and on the other hand, it is obliged (but does not always do this) not only to protect the rights of citizens, but also to encourage their social and legal activity aimed at counteracting the drug addiction of society. .

Unfortunately, the most effective form of implementation of anti-drug policy - based on partnership between the state and society - has not received any noticeable development and distribution in Russia so far. This weakness of the state anti-drug policy makes its results minimal in modern Russian society. And this could be of fatal strategic importance for the future of Russia. Under the state-legal policy of counteracting the drug addiction of society, we mean the implementation, within the framework of legislatively established legal restrictions, of a set of measures of a regulatory, organizational, managerial, psychological, pedagogical, medical and socio-economic nature aimed at solving problems caused by illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs. substances.

In accordance with this, an effective anti-drug policy should proceed not only from legal restrictions in the sphere of trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, but also be based on the idea of ​​partnership between public authorities and individuals based on the harmonization of state and personal interests, creating conditions for the development of all groups of the population. The partnership between the state and the individual, as you know, is the goal of the welfare state. The Constitution of the Russian Federation defined social protection, social assistance to its citizens as one of the attributes of Russian statehood. Countering drug addiction as a function of the state is of a managerial nature, based not on suggestibility and suppression of the will of citizens, but on their conscious participation in socially valuable anti-drug activities based on their own social and legal activity, prompted by legal incentives and developed within the framework of legal restrictions. The effectiveness of state legal policy is largely determined by the state's awareness of the problem that needs to be addressed, as well as the actual state of affairs in society. Management decision, of course, should be based on knowledge of the situation, factors, their relationships. Information contributes to the implementation of all management functions (planning, organizational, control, regulatory, distribution), and, in addition, allows us to model the process of proposed actions, to obtain the so-called information equivalent of the result in order to amend the program of action of the management system. Only a systematic approach allows integrating heterogeneous particular problems, bringing them to one common denominator and thus presenting the most complex group of problems as a single problem, finding a single integrative quality, the very foundation on which the building of the system is built. Without the general unity of all elements of the drug control management system, the integrating and regulating role of the state, a holistic, logically coherent, purposeful design and operation of the process under consideration is impossible. The combination of the general, the particular and the individual in the system is a necessary basis for its functioning, which becomes possible as a result of the general connection of the elements of the system as an objective fact of the actual legal life of society. The principle of consistency creates the prerequisites for creating conditions in society that make it possible to quickly identify problem situations and take targeted actions to localize them, as well as use the mechanism for coordinating and integrating interests and needs.

Thus, the goal of the state anti-drug policy is to establish a healthy and safe lifestyle in society based on the formation of positive and life-affirming (alternative to drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism) values ​​and ideals, spirituality and morality, citizenship and patriotism, respect for the law, overcoming legal negativism.

In order to fully reveal the concept of "anti-drug policy", it is necessary to consider the priority areas and principles of state policy in the field of counteracting drug addiction in society, which will be discussed in the next paragraph.

In order to consolidate the efforts of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities, organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation to prevent the spread of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors on the territory of the Russian Federation, I decide:

1. Approve the attached Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation until 2020.

2. The Chairman of the State Anti-Drug Committee should include in the annual report on the drug situation in the Russian Federation data on the implementation of the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation until 2020.

(Clause 2 as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 28, 2011 N 1255)

3. This Decree comes into force from the date of its signing.

The president

Russian Federation

D. MEDVEDEV

Moscow Kremlin

Approved

Decree of the President

Russian Federation

STRATEGY

STATE ANTI-DRUG POLICY

OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNTIL 2020

List of changing documents (as amended by Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of July 1, 2014 N 483, dated 12/07/2016 N 656, dated 02/23/2018 N 85)

I Introduction

1. The need to adopt the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation until 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) is due to the dynamics of changes taking place in Russia and in the world, the emergence of new challenges and threats, primarily related to the intensification of transnational crime, the intensification of terrorism, extremism, the emergence new types of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (hereinafter referred to as drugs), the strengthening of negative trends, such as a steady decline in the population of Russia, including a decrease in the number of the young able-bodied population due to the expansion of the illegal distribution of drugs.

The national security strategy of the Russian Federation recognizes the activities of organized criminal organizations and groups, including transnational ones, as one of the main threats to state and public security, related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

2. The current drug situation in the Russian Federation is characterized by an increase in the scale of illicit trafficking and non-medical consumption of highly concentrated drugs such as heroin, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, drugs with psychotropic effects, as well as their impact on the spread of HIV infection, viral hepatitis, which is a serious threat to the security of the state, the economy of the country and the health of its population.

In a number of Russian regions, there is an increase in the distribution of drugs made from local plant materials and drugs containing narcotic drugs and which are freely available, new types of psychoactive substances appear that contribute to the formation of addictive behaviors.

The effectiveness of the state anti-drug policy is negatively affected by the lack of a state system for monitoring the development of the drug situation.

Insufficiently organized preventive activities, medical care and medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts. The potential of public associations and religious organizations is not sufficiently used.

It is necessary to take comprehensive and balanced measures that would not only significantly reduce non-medical drug use and the consequences of their consumption, but also contribute to the destruction of financial, organizational, informational and other drug dealer networks.

II. General provisions

3. The strategy was developed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law in the field of combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. The strategy defines the goal, principles, main directions and tasks of the state anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation.

The Strategy develops and specifies the relevant provisions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Concept for the Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 in relation to the field of anti-drug activities.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

4. The state anti-drug policy is part of the state policy in the field of national security and socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.

The general goal of the state anti-drug policy is to significantly reduce the illegal distribution and non-medical consumption of drugs, the scale of the negative consequences of their illegal trafficking for the life and health of citizens, state and public security.

The objectives of the Strategy are to prevent the illegal distribution of drugs and their precursors on the territory of the Russian Federation, to reduce non-medical drug use.

Decisions and measures taken by the state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors are aimed at ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation, taking into account the principles of state policy in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, as well as in the field of countering their illegal circulation established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

(clause 4 as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

5. Achievement of the general goal of the state anti-drug policy is carried out on the basis of a balanced and reasonable combination of measures in the following areas:

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

a) reducing the supply of drugs by purposefully suppressing their illegal production and trafficking within the country, countering drug aggression;

b) reducing the demand for drugs by improving the system of preventive, curative and rehabilitation work;

c) development and strengthening of international cooperation in the field of drug control.

6. Key strategic objectives:

a) development and implementation of the state system for monitoring the drug situation in the Russian Federation;

b) creation and implementation of a nationwide set of measures to curb the illegal distribution of drugs and their precursors on the territory of the Russian Federation;

c) creation of an effective system for protecting the territory of the Russian Federation from the illegal movement of drugs and their precursors across the state border of the Russian Federation;

(clause "c" as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

d) ensuring reliable state control over the legal circulation of drugs and their precursors;

e) creation of a state system for the prevention of non-medical drug use with priority given to primary prevention measures;

f) improvement of the system of providing narcological medical care to drug addicts and their rehabilitation;

g) improvement of organizational, legal and resource support for anti-drug activities;

h) activation of anti-drug propaganda using the mass media and modern information technologies;

i) development of a set of additional measures to counteract the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, as well as their use for financing terrorism.

(paragraphs "i" were introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

7. State anti-drug policy is a system of strategic priorities and measures, as well as the activities of federal government bodies, the State Anti-Drug Committee, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and local governments aimed at preventing, detecting and suppressing drug trafficking and their precursors, prevention of non-medical drug use, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts.

The strategy of the state anti-drug policy is the officially adopted main directions of the state policy that determine the measures, organization and coordination of the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments in the field of drug trafficking and their precursors and counteracting their illicit trafficking.

8. Anti-drug activities - the activities of federal government bodies, the State Anti-Drug Committee, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments to implement the state anti-drug policy.

The leadership of anti-drug activities is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation.

9. The subjects of anti-drug activities are:

a) The State Anti-Drug Committee, which coordinates the activities of federal executive authorities and anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as organizes their interaction with executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public associations and organizations for the implementation of state anti-drug policy;

b) anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and in municipalities, which ensure the coordination of the activities of territorial bodies of federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments, as well as organize their interaction with public associations for the prevention of non-medical drug use and countering them illegal trafficking within their powers;

c) the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which ensures the implementation of the functions of implementing the state anti-drug policy, legal regulation, control and supervision in the field of trafficking in drugs and their precursors, as well as in the field of combating their illegal trafficking;

(clause "c" as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.12.2016 N 656)

d) The Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, which performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of organizing medical prevention, medical care and medical rehabilitation for people who use drugs and drug addicts, as well as in the field of pharmaceutical activities, including issues of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors;

e) other federal executive bodies that ensure the implementation of functions to combat the illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, as well as measures to prevent non-medical drug use within the limits of the powers granted to them by the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation;

f) senior officials (heads of the highest executive bodies of state power) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, who, within the framework of their powers, manage anti-drug activities on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

g) executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that ensure the implementation of the state anti-drug policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

h) local self-government bodies, within their competence, organizing the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors.

10. Public associations and religious organizations have the right to participate in the prevention of non-medical drug use and the rehabilitation of people who use drugs.

11. The objects of anti-drug activities are:

a) the population of the country, primarily children, adolescents, young people and their families, especially those at risk of involvement in drug trafficking and their precursors, as well as non-medical drug users and their families; drug addicts in need of treatment and rehabilitation, and their families; employees of certain types of professional activities and activities associated with sources of increased danger;

b) organizations and institutions involved in the legal circulation of drugs and their precursors;

c) organized criminal groups and communities involved in illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors.

III. Improving the system of measures to reduce

drug deals

11.1. The main factors that have a negative impact on the drug situation in the Russian Federation are:

a) the active distribution of synthetic drugs, the growth of their world production, the emergence and distribution of new types of drugs;

b) large-scale production of opiates in Afghanistan and their subsequent illegal movement across the state border of the Russian Federation;

c) the emergence of new forms of illegal activities related to the use of information, communication and other high technologies;

d) an increase in the illegal production of synthetic drugs on the territory of the Russian Federation, the use of modern information and communication technologies for their distribution and propaganda;

e) expanding the practice of using the international postal service and the capabilities of organizations specializing in the international delivery of goods to organize drug smuggling channels;

f) the distribution of drugs made from local plant materials and the abuse of freely available drugs with a psychoactive effect;

g) insufficient efficiency in the organization of preventive activities, comprehensive rehabilitation and resocialization of drug addicts, incomplete use of the potential of public associations and religious organizations in the implementation of anti-drug policy and the prevention of non-medical drug use;

h) the use of new types of financial instruments and money surrogates in the illicit trafficking of drugs and their precursors, which poses a threat to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

(Clause 11.1 was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

12. The system of measures to reduce the supply of drugs in illicit circulation is a set of measures taken by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to combat illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, developed as part of interdepartmental cooperation with the coordinating role of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

12.1. The system of measures to reduce the supply of illicit drugs is designed to ensure:

a) blocking the channels of illegal importation of drugs and their precursors into the territory of the Russian Federation;

b) destruction of the infrastructure used for the illegal production, transportation and distribution of drugs and their precursors within the country;

c) elimination of the raw material base of illegal drug production on the territory of the Russian Federation;

d) preventing the entry of drugs and their precursors, as well as potent substances from legal to illegal circulation;

e) suppression of criminal ties with the international drug business;

f) destruction of corrupt ties that facilitate the illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors;

g) suppression of the circulation of new types of drugs, as well as new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances and intoxicating substances.

(Clause 12.1 was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

13. The strategic goals of the state anti-drug policy in the field of reducing the supply of drugs in illicit trafficking are:

a) countering the illegal movement of drugs and their precursors across the state border of the Russian Federation;

(clause "a" as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

a.1) improvement of law enforcement measures to suppress the activities of organized criminal groups (criminal communities) involved in the illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors;

(clause "a.1" was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

e) undermining the economic foundations of crime related to drug trafficking;

(paragraph "d" as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

14. The system for protecting the territory of the Russian Federation from the illegal movement of drugs and their precursors across the state border of the Russian Federation includes a set of measures aimed at:

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

a) strengthening the border regime through organizational, technical and administrative-legal regulation;

b) intensifying international cooperation to reduce the cultivation of narcotic plants and drug production in Afghanistan, as well as the importation of synthetic drugs from abroad and the illicit movement of drugs and their precursors in transit countries;

(paragraph "b" as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

c) improving the efficiency of border and customs control, including through the development of cooperation between law enforcement agencies of states participating in anti-drug activities.

(clause "c" was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

15. Reducing the supply of drugs in illicit circulation is carried out using the economic capabilities of the state, allocating for these purposes a sufficient amount of financial, material and other resources, including resource support for state bodies engaged in combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, by developing a system of their technical equipment.

Organizational measures to reduce drug supply

16. When implementing measures to reduce the supply of drugs in illicit trafficking, the Russian Federation proceeds from the need to constantly improve law enforcement measures to curb the activities of organized criminal groups (criminal communities) operating in the area of ​​illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors.

In order to ensure a reduction in the supply of drugs in illicit circulation, a comprehensive development and improvement of the activities of state authorities engaged in combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors is ensured.

Measures are being taken to strengthen social guarantees for employees of state authorities engaged in anti-drug activities.

The Russian Federation provides scientific and technical support for law enforcement anti-drug activities, equipping state bodies engaged in combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors with special means and equipment.

A program of measures is being developed to create and develop the system vocational training personnel in the field of anti-drug activities.

Cooperation of law enforcement and other state bodies with citizens and civil society institutions is ensured to assist law enforcement agencies in combating the illegal circulation of drugs and their precursors, detecting the habitats of wild-growing drug-containing plants and the facts of their illegal cultivation, identifying and suppressing corruption ties that contribute to drug trafficking and their precursors.

Law enforcement measures to reduce

drug deals

17. In order to substantially reduce the supply of drugs on the territory of the Russian Federation, the system of combating organized crime is being improved.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

To solve the problems of destroying the infrastructure of illicit production and transportation of drugs and their precursors, drug distribution networks on the territory of the Russian Federation, a plan of law enforcement measures is being developed to be taken in cooperation with government agencies that counteract illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors.

17.1. The organized crime counteraction system provides:

a) improvement of methods for detecting, preventing and suppressing crimes related to illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors committed by organized criminal groups (criminal communities);

b) development and implementation of mechanisms to prevent the participation of citizens in the activities of organized criminal groups (criminal communities) associated with illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors;

c) formation of mechanisms for detecting facts of illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors and counteracting organized criminal groups (criminal communities) in this area using modern information technologies.

(clause 17.1 was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

19. Participation of the Russian Federation in the implementation of measures to strengthen the "security belts" around Afghanistan in order to prevent the illegal import of opiates is being ensured.

Coordinated interstate preventive and operational search activities are being carried out to identify and eliminate channels of international drug trafficking.

The solution to the problems of ensuring anti-drug security is achieved by strengthening the state border of the Russian Federation and the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union, increasing their technical equipment, creating and improving mechanisms for controlling goods transported across the customs border of the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

Mechanisms are being improved for making decisions on non-permission to enter the Russian Federation or on the undesirability of the stay (residence) in the Russian Federation of foreign citizens or stateless persons who pose a threat to state and public security.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

Purposeful measures are being taken to ensure general security in the marine areas. A system of measures to control the infrastructure of maritime cargo and passenger transportation is being created.

Measures are being taken to identify new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances in order to prevent their illicit trafficking in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

Measures are being taken to curb drug trafficking in places where cultural and leisure activities are held.

20. The security of legal drug trafficking in the Russian Federation is ensured by improving the state mechanism of control over its implementation, especially over the circulation of precursors.

A system of measures is being formed to ensure the development and production of new drugs containing drugs (in oil forms, patches and others), the extraction of which is impossible in an easily accessible way and the use of which for non-medical purposes is difficult.

In solving the problems of destroying the raw material base of illegal drug production in the Russian Federation, the system for detecting illegal crops and centers of growth of wild-growing drug-containing plants is being improved, scientific methods are being developed for the application chemical substances for the destruction of narcotic plants, as well as reducing the content of psychoactive substances in them.

20.1. The strategic task of law enforcement agencies in undermining the economic foundations of crime associated with illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors is to exclude the proceeds from such trafficking from economic activity and prevent their use to restore and expand the infrastructure necessary for the resumption of this illegal activity.

(clause 20.1 was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

20.2. The activities of law enforcement agencies to undermine the economic foundations of crime related to illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors are aimed at:

a) preventing the use of proceeds from illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors to finance terrorism and extremist activities;

b) countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime;

c) improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of combating the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime;

d) suppression of the functioning in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" of information resources used for the distribution of drugs and settlements through electronic means of payment, including payment cards, and money surrogates;

e) improving the forms and methods for detecting and fixing crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, committed using modern information technologies, including electronic means of payment, as well as new ways of legalizing (laundering) proceeds from crime;

f) development of new tactics to undermine the economic foundations of crime related to illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors.

(clause 20.2 was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

Improving the regulatory framework for reduction

drug deals

21. The Russian Federation is implementing measures aimed at improving legislation in the sphere of trafficking in drugs and their precursors and in the field of combating their illicit trafficking in order to protect the health of citizens, state and public security.

When implementing these measures, the implementation of advanced international experience in regulatory regulation is ensured.

In order to reduce the supply of drugs, tougher administrative liability is provided for illegal drug use, criminal liability for crimes related to the illegal circulation of drugs and their precursors, including the sale of drugs in correctional institutions, as well as in institutions or places used for training, sports, cultural, entertainment and other public events.

The Russian Federation ensures the adoption of measures aimed at stimulating social activity to inform the state authorities involved in combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors about the facts of their illicit trafficking.

Systematic measures are being taken to improve the conditions for the activities of state bodies engaged in combating illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, to undermine the economic foundations of drug crime.

Formed legal mechanisms countering new forms and methods of committing crimes in the field of drug trafficking and their precursors using modern information technologies.

(the paragraph was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

IV. Improving the system of measures

drug demand reduction

22. The system of measures to reduce the demand for drugs, aimed at improving the health of the population of the Russian Federation by reducing the consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and reducing the adverse social consequences of their use, is based on the priority of preventive measures of a public, administrative and medical nature and includes:

a) the state system for the prevention of non-medical drug use;

b) narcological medical care;

c) medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts.

23. The main threats in this area are:

(a) Widespread acceptance of non-medical drug use in society;

b) increase in the number of people involved in non-medical drug use;

c) insufficient efficiency in organizing the provision of narcological, medical, pedagogical, psychological and social assistance to drug addicts;

d) a reduction in the number of specialized narcological medical institutions, a low number of narcological rehabilitation centers (departments) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as an insufficient number of medical psychologists, social work specialists, social workers and other personnel involved in the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation;

e) insufficient availability of medical and social rehabilitation for drug addicts;

f) an increase in the number of people who have undergone treatment, rehabilitation and have returned to non-medical drug use;

g) shift of personal orientations towards consumer values;

h) insufficiently wide range of offers on the labor market to ensure youth employment;

i) poor organization of leisure activities for children, adolescents and youth.

State system of prevention

non-medical drug use

24. The state system for the prevention of non-medical drug use - a set of measures of a political, economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, cultural, physical culture and sports and other nature aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of non-medical drug use and drug addiction.

The strategic goal of the prevention of non-medical drug use is to reduce the scale of non-medical drug use, to form a negative attitude towards drug trafficking and consumption, and to significantly reduce the demand for them.

25. The achievement of the named goal is carried out by solving the following main tasks:

a) formation of a negative attitude in society towards non-medical drug use, including through active anti-drug propaganda and counteraction to propaganda and illegal advertising of drugs and other psychoactive substances, raising public awareness of the negative consequences of non-medical drug use and the responsibility for participating in their illegal circulation, conducting a competent information policy in the media;

b) organization and implementation of preventive measures with risk groups for non-medical drug use;

c) organization of preventive work in organized (labor and educational) teams;

d) development of a system for the early detection of illicit drug users, in particular through annual medical examinations;

e) creating conditions for the involvement of citizens in anti-drug activities, the formation, stimulation of development and state support for the activities of the volunteer youth anti-drug movement, public anti-drug associations and organizations involved in the prevention of drug addiction;

f) the formation of personal responsibility for one's behavior, which causes a decrease in demand for drugs;

g) formation of psychological immunity to drug use in school-age children, their parents and teachers.

26. State authorities of all levels, local authorities, public associations and religious organizations, citizens, including specialists, participate in the formation of a system for the prevention of non-medical drug use. educational organizations, medical, cultural and educational institutions, volunteers of youth organizations.

Activities for the prevention of non-medical drug use are intended for all categories of the population, primarily for children and young people who are in unfavorable family and social conditions, in difficult life situations, as well as for people at risk of non-medical drug use.

27. One of the preferred areas of anti-drug activity is the inclusion of sections on the prevention of substance abuse, as well as programs aimed at the appropriate target audiences (hereinafter referred to as target programs). At the same time, the implementation of targeted programs should cover the following age and social groups:

(as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07/01/2014 N 483)

a) children and adolescents under the age of 17 inclusive (students of educational institutions and convicted in educational colonies of the penitentiary system of Russia);

(as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07/01/2014 N 483)

b) youth under the age of 30 inclusive;

c) the working population;

d) conscripts and military personnel.

28. When carrying out preventive measures, preference should be given to a combination of individual and group methods of work, as well as methods of direct and indirect (indirect) influence on persons at risk of non-medical drug use, development and disclosure of the resources of the psyche and personality, support for a young person and assistance to him in self-realization of one's own life purpose.

It is also necessary to develop mechanisms for social partnership between government agencies and Russian companies and corporations, public associations and organizations in the course of carrying out anti-drug preventive measures.

Narcological medical care

29. The provision of narcological medical assistance to persons who allow non-medical drug use is carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens.

30. The current state of the system of narcological medical care is determined by:

a) insufficient effectiveness of narcological medical care;

b) reduction in the number of specialized state narcological medical institutions and the deterioration of their staffing;

c) insufficient financial and technical support for narcological medical care.

31. The strategic goal of the state policy in the development of narcological medical care is the timely identification and treatment of people who illegally use drugs, the improvement of narcological medical care for drug addicts, increasing its availability and quality, and reducing the mortality rate.

32. The main measures to improve the efficiency and development of narcological medical care:

a) preparation and approval of the procedure for the provision of narcological medical care and standards for the provision of narcological medical care;

b) improving the basics of legislative, economic and other support for the organization of mandatory forms of medical care for drug addicts, including issues of interdepartmental interaction and its information support;

c) formation of the state program of scientific research in the field of narcology;

d) preventing the use in the Russian Federation of substitution methods of drug addiction treatment using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances included in lists I and II of the list of narcotic drugs, as well as the legalization of the use of certain drugs for non-medical purposes;

e) improvement of methods for diagnosing drug addiction, examination, treatment of drug addicts;

f) regular training of specialists in the field of providing narcological medical care, raising the level of awareness of primary health care specialists on the organization of the provision of narcological medical care;

g) improving the financial support for the activities of specialized state narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, narcological departments of medical institutions of municipalities at the expense of budgets of all levels;

h) taking measures to strengthen social guarantees for employees of the narcological service.

Rehabilitation of drug addicts

33. Rehabilitation of drug addicts is defined as a set of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal and social measures aimed at restoring physical, mental, spiritual and social health, the ability to function in society (reintegration) without using drugs.

34. The current state of the rehabilitation system for people with drug addiction is determined by:

a) the imperfection of the regulatory framework for the rehabilitation of drug addicts;

b) insufficient financing of the rehabilitation link of narcological medical care at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

c) an insignificant number of narcological rehabilitation centers, as well as rehabilitation departments in the structure of existing narcological institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and a low level of their staffing;

d) underdevelopment of the system of motivation for non-medical drug users to participate in rehabilitation programs, as well as the mechanism for selecting participants for inclusion in rehabilitation programs;

e) insufficient effectiveness of medical and social measures that ensure the restoration of socially significant resources of the personality of a drug addict and his further socialization in society;

f) lack of conditions for social and labor reintegration of participants in rehabilitation programs.

35. The strategic goal of the state policy in the field of rehabilitation of drug addicts is the formation of a multi-level system that ensures access to effective rehabilitation programs for drug addicts, the restoration of their social and social status, and the improvement of the quality and length of life of drug addicts.

36. The main directions for the development of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts in the Russian Federation are:

a) organization of drug rehabilitation centers (departments) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

b) financing of narcological dispensaries and other specialized narcological institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the organization of the activities of narcological rehabilitation units;

c) strengthening the staff of drug rehabilitation centers (departments) and subdivisions in order to ensure a team form of work with drug addicts;

d) systematic training and retraining of specialists (psychiatrists-narcologists, psychotherapists, medical psychologists, social workers, social work specialists) on the issues of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;

e) increasing the availability of medical and social rehabilitation for drug addicts, as well as for people who use drugs with harmful consequences who seek medical help;

f) organizing a system of education and employment for drug addicts who have undergone medical and social rehabilitation;

g) development of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the work of narcological rehabilitation centers (departments), as well as non-medical rehabilitation organizations;

h) improving the methods of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts;

i) formation of legal foundations that ensure the use of the potential of traditional religious confessions, non-governmental and public organizations in the state system of rehabilitation assistance;

j) introduction of a system of state control over the activities of non-medical rehabilitation institutions, regardless of their organizational and legal form;

k) formation of an effective mechanism for state support of scientific research in the field of rehabilitation of drug addicts, development and implementation of innovative programs for the rehabilitation and reintegration of drug addicts;

l) formation of a system for informing the population about the range of rehabilitation services provided at the state, regional and municipal levels;

m) creation of mechanisms to motivate persons who allow non-medical drug use to participate in rehabilitation programs;

n) creation of mechanisms for purposeful work with relatives of persons participating in rehabilitation programs, ensuring the formation of a socially positive environment for those being rehabilitated;

o) development of mechanisms for state support of institutions that ensure social and labor reintegration of participants in rehabilitation programs.

37. The main measure for the development of medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts is the preparation of a program for the development of medical and social rehabilitation, within the framework of which it is planned to introduce low-cost technologies and hospital-replacing forms of rehabilitation assistance into the activities of regional drug rehabilitation institutions, including the organization of medical and labor workshops, as well as to equip them with equipment for providing advisory, diagnostic and restorative medical care.

V. Main directions of development

international cooperation

38. The strategic goals of international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of drug control are:

a) the use of mechanisms for multilateral and bilateral cooperation with foreign states, regional and international organizations, including the expansion of the necessary legal framework;

b) strengthening the existing system of international drug control on the basis of the relevant UN Conventions, resolutions of the UN Security Council, decisions of the General Assembly and other bodies of the UN system.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

39. The achievement of these goals ensures the deployment of an effective system of international anti-drug cooperation of the Russian Federation as a mechanism for coordinating the efforts of all participants in the fight against the drug business.

40. The priority areas of international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of drug control are:

a) counteracting the global drug threat, taking into account the principled position of the Russian Federation on the central coordinating role of the UN and its Security Council in the fight against new challenges and threats in this area;

b) concentration of the main efforts on combating the smuggling of opiates and cannabinoids into the Russian Federation from Afghanistan and the countries of Central Asia;

c) increasing the role of Russia in providing technical assistance to Afghanistan and other countries of Western and Central Asia in countering the Afghan drug threat;

d) conducting purposeful work to predict and eliminate threats to the national security of the Russian Federation from other types of drugs, including synthetic ones;

e) development of regional cooperation in the field of drug control using the potential of such international organizations and structures as the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Committee of Experts of the Council of Europe on the Evaluation of Measures to Combat Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, the Eurasian Group on combating the legalization of criminal proceeds and the financing of terrorism and others, including in the context of strengthening the "belts" of anti-drug and financial security around Afghanistan;

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

f) a comprehensive study of problems related to the control of drug trafficking, including the problem of reducing the supply of drugs and demand for them, and the development of measures to address these problems at various international platforms;

(paragraph "e" as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

g) the adoption, with the participation of representatives of the G20, of measures in the field of control over the circulation of drugs and their precursors;

(clause "g" was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

h) development of international cooperation in order to identify and seize proceeds from illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors.

(clause "h" was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

VI. Organizational, legal and resource support

anti-drug activities in the Russian Federation.

Mechanism for monitoring the implementation of the Strategy

41. Improving the organizational, legal and resource support of anti-drug activities in the Russian Federation is carried out in order to increase the level of coordination of the subjects of anti-drug activities and the quality of their work in the field of combating drug trafficking in the Russian Federation, preventing non-medical drug use, treating and rehabilitating people who use drugs.

42. Improving the organizational support of anti-drug activities will be facilitated by:

a) creation of a state system for monitoring the drug situation in the Russian Federation;

b) development and implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation, state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal programs in the field of combating drug abuse and illicit trafficking;

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

c) increasing the role of anti-drug commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of legislative consolidation of the mandatory execution of decisions of commissions for territorial bodies of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments;

d) delimitation of powers between federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments on the organization and implementation of measures aimed at preventing non-medical drug use and crime related to illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, as well as anti-drug propaganda;

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

e) creation of a mechanism for the interaction of law enforcement and other government agencies with citizens and civil society institutions on issues of combating non-medical consumption and illegal distribution of drugs;

43. Improving the legal regulation of anti-drug activities provides for:

a) improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the main strategic directions of the state anti-drug policy;

b) improvement of the criminal law legislation of the Russian Federation in terms of harmonization of dispositional structures with criminal penalties depending on the severity of the crimes committed, wider use of administrative prejudice, ensuring the flexibility of the punishment system, providing for the differentiation of responsibility;

c) the introduction into the legislation of the Russian Federation of norms that provide defendants, drug addicts and found guilty of crimes of small or medium gravity related to illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors, the opportunity to choose between treatment and criminal punishment;

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

c.1) improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation, which establishes the responsibility of convicts recognized as drug addicts for evading the obligation imposed on them by the court to undergo treatment for drug addiction and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, as well as the mechanism for monitoring the fulfillment of this obligation by this category of persons;

(clause "c.1" was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

e) amendments to the legislation of the Russian Federation, providing an opportunity to include issues of the activities of local governments in the field of prevention of non-medical drug use and anti-drug propaganda in the list of issues of local importance;

f) improving the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of information and informatization in terms of the development of mechanisms that prevent the promotion of drug consumption, as well as allowing more active use of the media in promoting a healthy lifestyle;

g) taking measures stimulating the development of the international legal framework for cooperation, improving and harmonizing the national legislations of the states participating in anti-drug activities;

h) creation of legislative and legal conditions to guarantee the conduct of anti-drug propaganda and prevention in the media;

i) regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of non-medical organizations of various forms of ownership, individuals in the field of prevention of non-medical drug use and rehabilitation of drug addicts.

44. The system of strategic planning documents (state programs of the Russian Federation, state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal programs developed in order to implement the state anti-drug policy) is formed by the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Anti-Drug Committee, interested federal government authorities with the participation of government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation Federation on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, legislative acts of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

45. The information basis for the implementation of the Strategy is to be ensured by the creation of a unified interdepartmental data bank of interested federal government bodies containing information that makes it possible to respond in a timely manner to changes in the drug situation in the Russian Federation and make informed operational decisions.

46. ​​Control over the implementation of the Strategy is carried out by the State Anti-Drug Committee, and the results of control are reflected in the annual report to the President of the Russian Federation on the drug situation in the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

The implementation of the Strategy at the federal level is carried out according to the plan of relevant measures.

At its meetings, the State Anti-Drug Committee hears officials of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Strategy.

The implementation of the Strategy at the regional and municipal levels is carried out in the form of state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal programs developed in order to implement the state anti-drug policy.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

Expected results and risks

46.1. Expected results of the implementation of the state anti-drug policy:

a) a significant reduction in the supply of drugs and demand for them;

b) a significant reduction in the scale of the consequences of illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors.

(clause 46.1 was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

47. Expected results of the implementation of the Strategy:

c) creation and functioning of the state system for monitoring the drug situation in the Russian Federation;

d) creation and functioning of the state system for the prevention of non-medical drug use;

e) modern system treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts;

g) an effective system of measures to counter drug trafficking on the territory of the Russian Federation;

h) reliable state control for the legal circulation of drugs and their precursors;

i) organizational, legal and resource support for anti-drug activities.

48. Manageable risks: decrease in the level of arrangement and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation; reduction in the number of specialized narcological medical institutions and the number of psychiatrists-narcologists, psychologists, social workers; reduction in the availability, quality and effectiveness of measures to prevent non-medical drug use, treatment and rehabilitation of people who use drugs.

Partially manageable risks: the formation of a tolerant attitude towards illegal drug use in society, discrediting the activities of federal state authorities and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that counteract drug trafficking; increased attempts to legalize substitution therapy using narcotic drugs and promote drug use under the guise of needle replacement programs; an increase in the number of people involved in illegal drug use.

Uncontrollable risks: the growth of crime (including international crime) in the sphere of illicit trafficking in drugs and their precursors with the emergence of new smuggling channels; an increase in the level of illegal migration; the emergence of new narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with narcotic potential in illicit circulation.

Countermeasures: improvement of anti-drug activities based on an assessment of the nature, scale and consequences of the impact of adverse factors on the achievement of the general goal of the state anti-drug policy and the achievement of the objectives of the Strategy.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 23, 2018 N 85)

Final provisions

49. The strategy covers the period 2010-2020.

The implementation of the measures envisaged by the Strategy is ensured by consolidating the efforts and resources of the entire society, public authorities at all levels, public associations and citizens.

To solve the tasks set by the Strategy, it is envisaged to ensure a consistent and stable increase in spending on state support for anti-drug activities in all areas.

50. Financing of expenses for state support of anti-drug activities is carried out at the expense of appropriations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets and other sources of funding not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Created: 08/10/2011
Update date: 04/10/2018