Mzymta is the most interesting mountain river in the Krasnodar Territory. Mzymta River: description, spav, fishing, rest, embankment Where is the Mzymta River

Mzymta is one of the rivers of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia, the largest among those that flow into the Black Sea. Its length is 89 km, the basin area is 885 sq. km. The river begins on the southern slope of the Caucasus Range, flows out of the high-mountain lakes Maly Kardyvach and Kardyvach at an altitude of almost 3 km above sea level. Gaining strength in the lakes, she plunges down the most beautiful 15-meter Emerald waterfall, and swiftly rushes further from the mountains. On the way it passes through the Aibga-Achishkho ridge with a narrow Greek gorge, then through the Akhtsu ridge, in which it cuts one of the deepest (up to 800m) gorges in the Caucasus. And, finally, through the Akhtyrskoye Gorge, located in the Adler district of the city of Sochi, it goes to the seashore, where it forms a delta.

No wonder the name "Mzymta" is translated as "mad" - it is a very stormy and full-flowing mountain river. During the period of spring-summer snowmelt, or during heavy rains, the water level in the gorges can rise up to 5 meters. The rapids attract fans of extreme sports - rafting. Today, many travel agencies offer excursions, the main route and adventure of which is rafting down the Mzymta. This is a very exciting journey, during which you can not only get a good dose of adrenaline on the river rapids, but also enjoy the beauty of wild mountain nature along the way: sheer cliffs hanging over the river in narrow gorges are replaced by beech and chestnut groves in the valleys. On the slopes, along the riverbed and its tributaries, there are many sources of mineral waters. It is thanks to these waters that the silt that forms in the river and is carried out by it into the delta has healing properties. The brine obtained from silt is used in cosmetology and for medical procedures in nearby sanatoriums.

The village of Krasnaya Polyana is located in the middle reaches of the river. winter time known as ski resort, with equipped tracks and many hotels of different levels of service. Thanks to the developed infrastructure, this village has become one of the sites that will host the 2014 Winter Olympics. In the summer, numerous hotels also serve tourists. In summer, they are attracted here not only by SPA centers, rafting and mountain tourist routes, but also by the Adler trout farm. Trout has always been found in the mountain rivers of Sochi, but after the city and the rest of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus began to turn into a resort area, the rivers began to become shallow and polluted. This could lead to the complete disappearance of such valuable species fish. In order to preserve the trout population, a trout farm was established in 1964, which, fortunately, has not only survived to this day, but has become much larger.

Nowadays, the farm has more than a hundred ponds in which they grow all types of rainbow trout, and even bred their own the new kind, which was given the name Adler. In addition to the rainbow, they breed blue and golden trout, as well as Black Sea salmon. The Adler farm is a major producer and supplier of rainbow trout, and besides, this is the only place where fry are grown, which are then distributed to all fish farms in Russia. Tourists are offered an excursion, during which you can see all the stages of growing fish, as well as fishing and subsequent tasting of the catch.

Mzymta fishing

Both sport and amateur fishing on the river, as well as on the Shakh, Psou, Psezuapse rivers and closer than 1 km on both sides of their mouths FORBIDDEN according to the "FISHING REGULATIONS FOR THE AZOV-BLACK SEA FISHING BASIN". Therefore, if you want to go fishing in the mountains near the city of Sochi, then it is better to check with local rangers in advance where this is allowed. And even easier, find one of the travel companies that organize hunting and fishing. They will probably organize fishing on the mountainous Caucasian river in a permitted place. By the way, mountain rivers do not freeze in winter, so fishing is possible at any time of the year. The company will provide you with transport, an experienced guide who will show you where and how to fish, and you can also rent all the necessary equipment.

For those who are not attracted by extreme fishing in the mountains, more than 20 reservoirs for paid fishing are equipped in the vicinity of Sochi. They breed carp, silver carp, crucian carp, carp, grass carp and buffalo. There are quite a lot of fish, often trophy specimens of 10-15 kg each come across. These reservoirs also do not freeze, although in winter the biting becomes somewhat worse, but not so much as to be completely without a catch. The reservoirs are equipped with everything you need, you can rent tackle or a tent, and beginners will be provided with a guide who will advise on any issues related to fishing.

Mzymta - the river, whose name, translated from the Kabardino-Circassian dialect, sounds like "mad", originates at an altitude of 2980 meters above sea level. Its length does not reach 90 km - only 89 (in a straight line from the source to the mouth, the distance is 62 km).

Considering the given data, it can be assumed that the name "mad" is quite justified. The especially stormy nature of the river affects during the period of snowmelt, when its level rises to 5 meters.

The origins of the beautiful river

Mzymta - the river, the source of which is located near Mount Loyub, a spur of the Main Caucasian Range, is a typical mountain stream with an average slope of 33.5 m / km. Despite the relatively small length, it is the longest water artery flowing into the Black Sea from the territory of the Kuban. Mzymta - a river flowing from two alpine lakes Maly Kadryvach and Kadryvach (the most beautiful lake in the Krasnodar Territory), originates in the Caucasian State Natural biosphere reserve, 44 km from Krasnaya Polyana.

The beauty and sights of the channel

It flows through the most beautiful places - downstream on its shore there is an Emerald waterfall, the height of which reaches 15 meters. Further along its path there are gorges, about which the poet said "a crack, a serpent's dwelling." The river formed the Greek canyon, breaking through the Aibga-Achishkho ridge. Below, breaking through the Akhtsu-Katsirkha ridge, Mzymta forms its deepest canyon, Akhtsu. Next comes the Akhshtyr ridge. Having overcome it, the river forms the gorge Akhshtyrskie Vorota. This canyon is interesting because on its right side, 120 meters above the river level, there is the Akhtyrskaya cave with the site of an ancient man. It was discovered back in 1903 by E. A. Martel, a scientist from France. Russian researchers have proven that the very first inhabitants of the cave were Neanderthals and settled it 70,000 years ago. On the remaining 19 kilometers to the mouth, the river gradually expands and acquires a more or less flat character. It can be added that the area of ​​the Mzdymta drainage basin is 885 square kilometers, and this is the largest of the basins that provide Sochi with drinking water.

Source of drinking water

Mzymta - which is located near the city of Sochi. It flows into the Black Sea, forming a vast alluvial cone, since its rapid current is not immediately extinguished by the waves of the sea. As mentioned above, the river flows through the territory that belongs to the district of the city of Sochi. Streams and rivers flow into this mountain stream all along. The largest tributaries are Pslukh and Pudziko or Achipse, as well as Chvizhepse, Tikha and Laura.

Port of Imeretinsky

The mouth of the Mzymta River is known for the fact that Adler, the largest district of Sochi, is located here. Now the cargo port of Sochi Imeretinsky, the first built in the post-Soviet period, has been built in this place.

In addition, this is a universal seaport, which is designed as a single complex of wave protection and berthing structures. It was created primarily to ensure the uninterrupted construction of the Sochi Olympic facilities. After the Olympics, it was decided to convert the port into a yacht marina for 600-700 yachts, and in 2014 the first stage of these grandiose plans was already implemented - a marina for 40 yachts was opened. The port is designed for 800 meters of coastline and, according to the plan, should have 8 berths.

New birth of the embankment

The embankment of the Mzymta River, after the reconstruction provided for by the preparation for the Olympics, was solemnly opened at the end last month autumn 2013. The opening was timed to coincide with City Day.

One can imagine the joy of city residents and vacationers, given the fact that the last time it was renovated was 40 years ago. The length of the favorite place of rest and the center of social and cultural life of the region is 3 kilometers. It should be noted that the embankment was reconstructed taking into account all the requirements of the time - for people with disabilities in necessary places ramps and tactile guides appeared, allowing blind people to navigate in the direction of travel. The embankment is beautifully decorated, many cozy benches and kiosks are scattered along the entire walking route. Rollers and bicycles can be rented here if desired.

Modern beaches of a modern resort town

Of course, in Adler there is a beach near the Mzymta River. Everyone has one distinguishing feature- they are covered with small round pebbles. It has all the necessary infrastructure, plus dozens of cafes and souvenir shops. On the beaches, including those near the Mzymta River, you can do almost all types of sea sports - parasailing (flight on a parachute tied to a boat), diving and windsurfing, you can ride a jet ski, a puck and a banana. Breakwaters are actively used by divers. It is located on the remote bank of the Mzymta. You can get here from the central regions of Adler by fording the river. It is located at a distance of 500 meters from the pier.

Furious beauty

The beauty of the river is legendary. After the grandiose construction and reconstruction to which all districts of Sochi were subjected, many sections of the river flowing through the central regions were hidden.

But right outside the city, the Mzymta River (photo attached) amazes and captivates with its unusual beauty, which is called “furious” in verse, and the extraordinary purity of water. Often the water is called a green emerald set in the silver of the rocks. The beauty of the river has been sung by more than one poet. Trout, including rainbow trout, and Black Sea salmon spawn in certain parts of the river.

river power

It remains to tell about what Mzymta is like. The last one, which happened in March 2013, washed out and demolished the dam, 700 construction workers were evacuated. The dam was quickly restored, but what a force the river must have that demolished it! the river overflowed its banks as a result of a continuous downpour for a long time. The storm and downpour of 2009 washed away the port and brought down all the structures into the Mzymta River.

Healing and wellness component

There are a lot of mineral springs in the Mzymta river basin. The most famous and largest of them is the Chvizhepse narzan spring, which is located in the village of Medvezhiy Ugol. “Water-bogatyr” - this is how the word “narzan” is translated, it tastes good and is really extremely invigorating. It tastes like carbon dioxide.

The water in this spring contains a sufficient amount of useful elements such as iodine, manganese, bromine, zinc and many others. But the content of an overestimated norm of arsenic in it made it not useful, but harmful. Scientists have found a way to remove excess of this element. The resulting table water is sold in shops in Sochi. And, of course, on this stormy beautiful river, descents and rafting are arranged for visitors. Extreme lovers will enjoy jeeping and rafting, canyoning and catamaran rafting. There are also the famous Caucasian dolmens (the oldest burial structures), alpine meadows, relict groves - all the beauties and sights cannot be counted, it is better to see them.

The Mzymta River in Adler and throughout its entire length is of incredible beauty, its picturesque banks cannot leave anyone indifferent. They enchant with fantastic landscapes - mountain slopes covered with forests, majestic peaks rushing up. But outwardly beautiful and peaceful river, despite the rapid flow, is very capricious and not devoid of treachery, which only spurs rafting enthusiasts who consider it the best for rafting throughout Russia.

These qualities attract tourists here. Some admire simply fabulous beauties local nature, others - to saturate the blood with adrenaline, especially when this beauty begins to show a difficult and unrestrained character. Of all the rivers of the Northwestern Caucasus, the Mzymta is popular with all categories of connoisseurs of hiking - aesthetes, thrill-seekers and fishermen.

Where is the Mzymta River on the map?

It flows only on the territory of the urban district of Sochi, originates at Lake Kardyvach, and its mouth is located in the Adler region.

Geography and nature of Mzymta

Mzymta is born, like other rivers in this region, on the southern spurs of the Greater Caucasus Range, at the impressive heights of Mount Loyub even for mountain arteries - almost 3000 m above sea level.

One of its main features is its source, unlike other rivers, flushed by the confluence of glacial streams, it begins a rapid run to the Black Sea, flowing from one of the highest located in the Caucasus. One more thing: the Mzymta is the only one of all the mountain rivers in the southern part of Russia that flows directly into the Black Sea basin, where its mouth is located - one of the few calm sections along its entire length.

But before reaching its banks, the Mzymta River in Adler, ending its journey, and creating an extensive beach near the village of Kepsha, overcomes a considerable distance, first in a northerly direction, and then, near Krasnaya Polyana, turns sharply to the southwest. The source is just the same frantic pressure, fully justifying its name, turning below into the most beautiful of waterfalls, falling with a roar from a rocky ledge.

The emerald waterfall with a fall height of 15 m is the most beautiful section of Mzymta, but far from the only one that can cause incomparable delight in the viewer. In the middle channel, the river rushing forward cuts through the Aibga-Achishkho rock massif, forms the Greek Gorge, which is equally unique in aesthetic terms.

With a total length of 89 km, it is the fastest and long river in the mountains on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, even in the lowlands, retaining an alpine character, which makes it seem milky white. The narrow river valley contributes to the rapid flow, which does not allow the Mzymta to overflow in width, which accelerates its already unrestrained run.

During rainstorms and during the period of snowmelt on the Caucasian peaks, saturating up to high water, it literally boils and can rise to a 5-meter mark, representing a real natural disaster. On the way to the Black Sea coastline, Mzymta takes in the waters of Achipse, Pslukh, Laura, Tikha and, its largest tributaries.

Rest on Mzymta: fishing and rafting (rafting)

Rafting down the stormy river with a difficult and unpredictable character attracts adherents of extreme entertainment from all over Russia to the local shores. Some rafting sections of the river have 5th and 6th difficulty categories, which for unprepared rafters is tantamount to suicide - it does not forgive mistakes.

The most extreme one starts in the Narzans area, some fans of such entertainments beware of it, preferring to start at the confluence of the Mzymta and Pslukh, the beginning of the route behind the scenes marks a bridge thrown across the river. It is conditionally divided into six zones:

• From the upper rapids to the Greek Gorge. The most difficult run, consisting of 3 steps. It is short, its length is 2 km, here many travelers finish their rafting - the terrain is unusually rough, full of obstacles in the form of large stones, ledges and rifts. It is difficult to tack, and watercraft are difficult to control due to high speed;
• Below the threshold of the Mudflow to the Greek cleft. It differs little from the previous one, except that the protrusions are simpler. The Mzymta here levels off, but its channel becomes winding, sometimes changing direction. The surface of the water is replete with huge boulders, at high speed it is difficult to dodge them so as not to run into them, this requires the coherence of the actions of the entire crew. One of the longest routes, its length is 12 km;
• Along the Greek Canyon. The distance of the path is about 4 km, it is also quite difficult, where the boats are thrown from side to side, throwing them onto the walls. Here, too, coordination and attention are needed;
• Through the shivera. Here, although the thresholds become smaller, but the current is fast. A run distance of up to 10 km, if there are no unforeseen circumstances and no mistakes are made, is overcome quickly;
• Through the gorge Ahtsu. An exciting stretch of 4 km, the flow slows down a bit, and there are fewer obstacles. It is remembered by the final, representing a “piece” of about 75 m of a continuous labyrinth of boulders sticking out of the water, ending with a fall from the Ahtsu waterfall, 6 m high;
• Path to the sea. In the direction of Adler, a calm zone 25 km long, along which you can relax and admire the picturesque coastal edges of Mzymta.

Fishing on the "mad" river

A more relaxed form of leisure, of all that Mzymta has to offer, is fishing. But fishing is not allowed everywhere. So, there is a ban on fishing in the area of ​​​​the mouth, you cannot approach it with a fishing rod closer than a kilometer. To avoid misunderstandings and possible problems, it is better to immediately clarify where the corners that are subject to the ban are located.

Fishing is paid for almost the entire length of the river, but these are quite justified expenses, fish are caught well at any time of the year, both in winter and in summer, it is in abundance here. In the upper reaches there are a number of varieties, in the rest of the majority: grass carp, buffalo, crucian carp, carp, carp, silver carp and other species, some individuals weighing 10-15 kg.

How to get (get) to the mouth from Sochi?

It is not difficult to do this - the most diverse transport goes in the direction of Adler. Here and minibuses, and buses, and boats, and trains, and electric trains, and Swallows.

By car, you can get here in this way:

Note to the tourist

• Address: Adler, Sochi, Krasnodar Territory, Russia.
• GPS coordinates: 43.646522, 40.345109.

the most abundant and largest river of the ChPK, has a length of 89 km. The river begins on the northeastern slope of Loyub (2970.4 m), located in the southern spur of the GKH. According to one source, the hydronym means or. But on old maps the name has a different form: Mdzimta, Miadzimta, Mezyumta, Medzyumta. The latter bears a resemblance to the Abaza tribe of honey-bearers. The village of Medoveevka is a distorted name of the ethnic group, i.e. he gave a name to the river. According to the Ubykh (ethnos) version, the toponym can mean or. In the upper reaches of the Mzymta River, on the right side of the valley, there is the Mzymta tract of the same name. The most significant tributaries of the Mzymta River include the Achipse and Chvizhepse rivers.

Koveshnikov V.N. Essays on the toponymy of the Kuban

There are possible, and even certainly there are typos and inaccuracies caused by both scanning and post-processing. There is not enough strength to "catch" them all alone, but you can - I will fix it. Also, due to the fact that this collection of dictionary entries contains books by several authors, different interpretations of the same name are possible - this is normal - truth is born in a dispute. I will be grateful for the sent additions, clarifications and other works on toponymy

Comments:

Message from: Oleg
Mzymta is a lunar place in the Abkhazian language, moreover, literally, you shouldn’t come up with any versions here. Ask any child who speaks the Abkhazian language and he will translate it into Russian for you - exactly the "moon place". It's not a secret for anyone that the Abkhazians lived on both sides of this river until 1964 (END OF THE CAUCASIAN WAR). It is worth noting for the sake of justice that the Abkhazians lived in close contact with the Ubykhs, Adyghes, Circassians, Karachays, Kabardians and other Peoples, which to this day constitute one language group.

Message from: Murat
Oleg, with all due respect, I would advise you to never write comments on topics that you do not understand. AT this case, Adyghe Circassians, Kabardians, Ubykhs are Adygs. One people whose relatives are Abkhazians (Abaza). It is not clear how you dragged the Turkic-speaking Karachais here.
Karachay-Balkarians are undoubtedly a respected people, but there are situations when confusing a Caucasian Circassian with a Caucasian Karachay could cost you your life.

Message from: Zaur
Murat, brother, answered correctly)))

River "Mzymta" The Mzymta River is the largest and most abundant of the rivers Black Sea coast within the Krasnodar Territory. Mzymta originates on the southern slope of the Main Caucasian Range in the region of Mount Loyub, at an altitude of 2980 m. Having made a path of 89 km among the mountains. Mzymta flows into the Black Sea at Adler.

Translated from the Circassian, Mzymta means "mad", and it fully justifies its name, as it is a stormy mountain river, quickly and noisily carrying its foaming waters between steep rocky banks. At the very source, Mzymta has the appearance of a mountain stream, falling from the steepness in cascades of clean and clear cold water. Two kilometers from the source, the river flows into the picturesque alpine lake Kardyvach, about 0.5 km long. It is located at an altitude of 1850 m, in a deep basin and is surrounded high mountains. The nature here is beautiful: the variegated green carpets of alpine meadows, the dark green of coniferous forests on the slopes of the mountains, sparkling snowfields delight the eye.

From Lake Kardyvach Mzymta flows out as a calm river with a transparent cold water and flows at first, meandering in low meadow banks. Then the river valley narrows. Mzymta, raging, breaks through a narrow crevice and rapidly falls down a waterfall with a mighty rumble, scattering in cascades of spray. This waterfall, called Emerald, has a fall height of about 15 m. It is an insurmountable obstacle even for swift trout, and it is not found above the waterfall, while below it there are quite a few.

Many tributaries flow into the Mzymta, the largest of them being the Pslukh, Pudziko, and Chvizhepse. On the tributaries of the Mzymta, fast mountain rivers, there are a number of waterfalls.

At 46 - 48 km from the source on the right bank of the Mzymta, in a picturesque valley, the working settlement of Krasnaya Polyana is located at an altitude of about 600 m above sea level. Even further downstream, the Mzymta valley narrows again, as the river, breaking through here through the Aibga-Achishkho ridge, forms the Greek gorge. Its shores are composed of dark gray Jurassic shales. Falling steeply, the river, compressed by rocks, has a rapid rapids. During floods in the narrowest part of the gorge, the water horizon can rise higher than usual, up to 5 meters or more.

Having escaped from the Greek Gorge, the river widens its valley, and the floodplain here has a width of 100 to 500 m. However, after about 1.5 km, the river valley sharply narrows again. Here Mzymta cuts through the Akhtsu-Katsirkha mountain range and forms the deepest and longest of its gorges, Akhtsu, resembling the famous Darial Gorge in beauty. The width of the gorge along the bottom in some places is only 8-10 m, its slopes are composed of very hard and dense limestones of the Jurassic age. Not reaching 19 km from the sea, Mzymta crosses the Akhshtyr mountain range. The river flows through a narrow gorge called the Akhshtyr Gates. Behind this gorge begins the lower course of the river. Its valley expands again, and the river takes on a flat character. For the last 6 km, the Mzymta flows along a wide flat terrace made of river sediments. The river splits into branches and winds along the floodplain. The shores here are very unstable, easily washed out during floods and need to be strengthened.

One of the attractions of the Mzymta valley are karst caves. The most famous is the Akhshtyrskaya cave, located opposite the village of Akhshtyr, 15 km from Adler. It was formed under the action of groundwater on the right steep, rocky bank of the Mzymta. The entrance to it is located at an altitude of about 120 m above the river level. The cave is about 150 m long, up to 9 m wide and up to 10 m high in some places.