The chemicals are absolutely safe thoroughly. Household chemicals. Net harm? Natural alternative "from the grandmother's chest"

Modern chemistry has stepped far forward - now we are surrounded everywhere mainly not by natural materials, but by materials synthesized by man. The euphoria of humanity on this occasion has passed quite recently. A sharp increase in the number of allergy sufferers, the emergence of various new diseases such as chronic fatigue syndrome began to be associated precisely with the fact that a person in the house is surrounded by things that emit harmful substances. Where is the enemy based and what materials should be feared?

The most dangerous poisons

Organic chemistry experienced a real take-off in the twentieth century - a huge number of various new substances were synthesized, which immediately found application for the manufacture of various materials. And the era of wood for furniture and cotton with flax for fabrics has irretrievably sunk into oblivion. However, artificial substances were not all harmless. Let's try to figure it out on our website.

The most toxic substances are now recognized as benzene, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, phenol, xylene, toluene. And all of them in one concentration or another are in almost every home, as they are part of a number of finishing materials and wood substitutes. But we all remember that much depends on the concentration of the substance. And therefore, the use of finishing materials containing the same formaldehyde is far from always causing health problems. In order to cause damage to the skin, lungs, large concentrations of substances are needed.

Where to look for phenol and formaldehyde

Phenol is used to make synthetic resins. Accordingly, in any materials where resin is used, there is also phenol. To such finishing materials include linoleum, varnishes, paints, roofing material, bitumen. Similarly, it is used to make fiberboard and chipboard, which are used to make inexpensive furniture.

Phenol is able to accumulate in the liver and kidneys and disrupt their work.

Formaldehyde can be found in large quantities in chipboard, fiberboard, foam, plastics. Unfortunately, formaldehyde is found in most of the materials that have become common in our homes.

It is considered carcinogenic: its chronic exposure for a long time can provoke the growth of cancer cells. In addition, it causes disruption of the upper respiratory tract, headaches, allergies, and nausea. Symptoms of permanent poisoning with small doses of formaldehyde are pallor, not associated with anemia and skin type features; loss of strength and weakness, decreased mood to persistent depression, difficulty breathing, sore throat, nighttime muscle cramps. It is believed that long-term exposure to formaldehyde disrupts the reproductive system and even leads to gene breakdown. And if formaldehyde is inhaled in large doses, then you can die from Quincke's edema and spasm of the glottis.

Formaldehyde has a characteristic smell that many today associate with new things. It's simple - new things made of chipboard and fiberboard, linoleum, cheap Chinese shoes from an unknown material - they actively emit formaldehyde into the atmosphere and smell strongly.

Many people air out things so that the smell disappears, and then consider them completely harmless. In fact, they simply become less harmful, but with any increase in temperature environment the amount of formaldehyde they emit increases. And therefore, even a few months after their production, things remain hazardous to health. Toys and children's things made of low-quality materials are especially harmful, since children are especially sensitive to harmful substances. And it can be long and unsuccessful, and the things from his room will be to blame.

How to reduce risks

Linoleum is appropriate in the hallway, hall, balcony, kitchen. But in the nursery and bedroom it is best not to put it. And ideally, it is better to abandon the use of linoleum altogether in favor of laminate, parquet or wood. Harmless materials are welcome in nurseries and bedrooms - cork and parquet.

You should carefully approach the choice of paintwork products. Water-based, alkyd, polyester and latex paints are considered the safest for health.

Do not buy too cheap things made in China. This means that they are made from the cheapest non-certified hazardous materials. Things made in large Chinese factories are of better quality and more expensive.

Danger from wallpaper

Another harmful substance for humans is styrene and polystyrene. Styrene vapors can cause chronic intoxication, which is expressed in headaches, nausea, dizziness, and a tendency to spasms.

Styrene is contained in plastic, moisture-resistant wallpaper, heat-insulating materials based on polystyrene.

Unfortunately, polystyrene panels emit styrene fractions all the time.

In the same way, chlorylvinyl vapors are not useful, which adversely affect the nervous system. Irritability, depression, nervousness can be caused by it. Releases vinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride when heated.

How to reduce risks

Loved by all resistant and beautiful vinyl wallpaper can emit hazardous substances, and primarily vinyl chloride. Therefore, it is better to use them in those rooms where a person does not spend much time. But in the bedroom and in the nursery they should not be used. It is better to limit yourself to paper wallpapers, which are considered the most environmentally friendly and harmless. In addition to paper wallpapers, glass wallpapers, wall coverings made from plants such as jute, reed, and bamboo are considered safe for health. And the safest wallpaper glue is starch or casein.

Expanded polystyrene insulation materials the best option for good health. To reduce the amount of harmful substances in the house, you can abandon their use and replace them with mineral wool. It contains much less harmful substances.

It is also worth bearing in mind that polystyrene manufacturers have reduced the styrene content in the material to a low figure of 0.01-0.5%, which is no longer so dangerous to health. And if polystyrene is used for external insulation, then there will be no harm to health from it at all. At least the harm from it, when used correctly, is even less than from plastic windows, whose frames are made of polyvinyl chloride.

Diseases from a cup

Bright and beautiful plates and cups can also become a source of health problems if they contain melamine. Melamine is a high-impact plastic in bright, cheerful colors.

In 2007, the then state sanitary doctor of Russia, Gennady Onishchenko, declared melamine tableware harmful and hazardous to health. And the blame for everything is the same formaldehyde, which is contained in melamine. Moreover, if it is used for cold foods, then it is almost harmless. But as soon as hot food gets into it, formaldehyde is released from it in huge quantities. Examinations show that its concentration at the same time exceeds the permissible norm by 65 times.

Crystal contains lead oxide. Lead is considered a harmful substance. Scientists have even found out that diseases and deaths among the soldiers in the army of Alexander the Great arose precisely because they ate from lead utensils.

To prevent harm from crystal dishes, drinks and food should not be in it for long.

Today, more and more often they say that the most common aluminum pan was unhealthy. And there is a very understandable explanation for this. Aluminum is a fairly active metal. Its activity is reduced by a thin film of aluminum oxide, which forms on the surface when it comes into contact with air. But cutlery easily removes the layer of this inert oxide and aluminum gets into food from scratches. Today it has been proven that aluminum is deposited in the body, especially in the nervous tissue, and can be the cause of the development of Alzheimer's disease - dementia in old age. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, an increased content of aluminum in the medulla was found. Aluminum is also harmful to the kidneys.

So our favorite Teflon coating also turned out to be unsafe. The substances they release can cause oncological diseases, as well. Any scratch on the coating means that the cookware is no longer safe.

How to reduce risks

Instead of plastic dishes, it is better to use good old porcelain. Let it beat and have to be replaced more often, but it is absolutely safe for health.

Teflon pans can be replaced with ceramic coated pans. They are more expensive, but harmless. From inexpensive pans fit cast iron. By the way, the dishes cooked in them have the best taste.

Harmful chemistry

We have a lot of household chemicals in our homes. We wash with washing powder, wash dishes with dishwashing detergents, and clean surfaces with various means. The only harm we think they bring is dry skin. But you can protect yourself from this with rubber gloves.

It turns out that everything is not so simple. Modern household chemicals turned out to be the strongest allergen. It causes completely different allergic reactions - from skin dermatitis to coughing fits and even asthmatic attacks. All this is due to the content of aggressive substances in it.

Chlorine in household chemicals can provoke the development of atherosclerosis, allergies, oncological diseases. Phosphates are banned in a number of countries, as they are carcinogens and reduce life expectancy if ingested regularly. Phenols are harmful to the kidneys and liver. Surfactants - surfactants - can accumulate in the body and adversely affect the immune system, kidneys, liver, brain. They are not completely removed from things when rinsing. Lauryl sulfate, which is part of all detergents, is also considered hazardous to health.

Some adherents healthy lifestyle life believe that the most great harm bring dishwashing detergents and various gels and shampoos containing lauryl sulfate.

How to reduce risks

Instead of chemical dishwashing detergents, you can successfully use products that are absolutely harmless to humans - mustard powder and baking soda.

Of course, one cannot abandon the achievements of modern chemistry and return to prehistoric times. However, it is quite possible to choose from the achievements of civilization everything that is safest for health and surround yourself with means in which the content of harmful substances is extremely small in order to somehow affect health. It is worth remembering that in large quantities they are added to reduce the cost of production. Therefore, one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect yourself is not to use too cheap goods.

It is very difficult for a modern hostess to imagine her life without household chemicals. To our satisfaction, the range of these products is very large.

Supermarket shelves are literally bursting with an assortment of washing powders, cleaning products for various kinds of surfaces, dishwashing detergents.

Most likely, we intuitively imagine that all these products are based on the action of chemicals, but we don’t know exactly how great the effect of these substances on our body is. Therefore, you need to have an accurate idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat harm household chemicals do to human health.

According to world statistics and a survey of people, it turned out that:

• 4% of buyers carefully study the label and attach importance to the composition of the chemical assistants they buy.
• 47% of respondents know various sources about the harm that household chemicals do to health and the environment.
• 50% do not attach importance to the composition of the purchased substances.

Depending on the price and brand name of the manufacturer's nonsense, the label, to one degree or another, reflects the true content of the chemical ingredients, but for the most part this remains unmentioned. In fact, these substances gradually destroy and poison our body.

Every day, drop by drop, milligram by milligram, we swallow, inhale and absorb with our skin, almost half of the periodic table. When certain diseases arise, no one thinks about the true causes of what is happening.

The main components of household chemicals

If you really care about your health and the health of your loved ones, you need to know and track the main chemical components of cleaners and detergents in your home. It should be noted that in cosmetics, as well as in body and hair care products, there are similar substances.

Of course, choosing a product completely without harmful substances will not work, but minimizing the ingestion of the most dangerous ingredients into the body can be avoided. Below are examples of the most dangerous and harmful substances:

1. organochlorine compounds.
2. Phosphates and phosphonates.
3. Surfactants are surfactants.
4. Formaldehyde.
5. Various acids, including hydrochloric acid.

Each by itself and in various combinations, these common substances act on various organs and cause all possible pathologies and diseases.

Chlorine-containing substances

It will be interesting to know that chlorine and its compounds can be found in a very large list of products:

1. Dish detergent - This applies to both dishwashing detergents in the car and detergents for hand washing. Chemicals remain on the dishes in small quantities and enter the digestive tract with food.
2. Bleachers - These are substances that allow your laundry to look cleaner and snow-white. In cheap products, the chlorine content can be noticed without being studied in the laboratory. A pungent unpleasant odor that irritates not only the sense of smell, but also the entire body as a whole, under the influence of chlorine, tearing, coughing and dizziness can begin. In addition, chlorine is contained in large quantities in other media: in drinking water, air and soil.
3. Disinfectants for household use - On television and in the press, the fight against microbes in everyday life is actively promoted. Conscientious housewives destroy harmful microorganisms by all available methods, using chlorine-containing aggressive disinfectants. An example is Domestos, a gel-like substance with high level chlorine content.
4. Mold control products - microscopic fungi, live where it is humid and warm. Favorite habitat bathroom and kitchen. But more harm is done by toxic mold-killers than by the fungi themselves.

Unbeknownst to you, household chemicals can cause diseases such as:

• allergy-hypersensitivity reaction of immediate type;
• anemia - a decrease in the level of iron in the composition of hemoglobin;
• vegetovascular dystonia - dysregulation of blood pressure levels;
• alopecia - increased hair loss up to baldness;
• suppression of immunity - the addition of infections, long-term and protracted colds;
• swelling and nonspecific inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, oropharynx.

Minor poisoning in the home with detergents and cleaning agents can occur from time to time. The termination of the action of toxic substances promises speedy recovery a week later. Weak concentrations of chlorine-containing substances can lead to chronic poisoning. A person practically does not notice the negative impact. But a combination of signs can suggest the nature of the poisoning:

• hoarseness of voice;
• catarrhal phenomena of the upper respiratory tract;
• signs of bronchitis and airway obstruction.
• pain sensations in chest;
• periodic increase in body temperature;
• tearing and pain in the eyes;

Surfactants

Another type of chemical compound that allows you to deal with dirt. To date, they are contained in all, without exception, household chemicals. Their action is based on the binding of fat molecules and their removal from surfaces.

It should be recalled that each cell of our body is covered with a thin lipid layer. This layer keeps the cell in a certain shape and protects it from the introduction of malicious agents. Thus, human skin epithelial cells are destroyed by surfactants every day.

Of course, this applies not only to the human body, animals, plants, harmful and beneficial microorganisms are exposed to harmful effects. Scientists have developed gradients of harmfulness of these groups of substances. So the ability of the epidermis to recover is taken as the standard.

If the skin surface layer recovers by more than 60% percent in 4 hours after the use of surfactants, then such substances are considered safe for use. But, unfortunately, this almost never happens. By active active ingredient All surfactants are divided into several subgroups:

1. Anionic - sulfates . Since they are the cheapest, they are more often used in the production of shower gels, shampoos, washing powders and other things we are used to. For a better understanding, one must imagine a certain sphere at one end it is well connected with a fat molecule, at the opposite end it is connected with water. Of course, in this way, the own protective layer of the skin is also washed off. The main surfactant is lauryl sulfate. The irritant effect of these ingredients increases with time and quantity. The protective barrier of the skin is updated with difficulty. Lauryl sulfate is not defined as a group of substances with embryotoxic or carcinogenic effects.
2. Cationic - amines and their salts , as a rule, are used together with anionic surfactants, they neutralize their aggressive action. Cationic substances are added to conditioning shampoos.
3. Nonionic surfactants - more gentle effect on the skin of the hands. 100% biodegradable in the environment. In view of the fact that this type of substance does not form foam well, anionic surfactants are usually added to it.
4. Amphoteric surfactants - gentle sparing effect on biological membranes, and accordingly on the skin. Based on natural ingredients. Dirt and grease are removed by changing the charge of other substances. Of all types of surfactants, the most expensive in terms of cost.

Phosphates and phosphonates

Phosphates are salts and esters of phosphoric acids. They are used as a fertilizer and in washing powders. Phosphates bind calcium and magnesium ions and prevent precipitation.

Phosphorus a very important mineral element in the body, but in washing powders and detergents it causes significant damage to health. By changing the acid-base balance of the surface layer of the skin, phosphates lead to the appearance of dermatitis and eczema. Penetrating through the pores into the bloodstream, they change the qualitative composition of the blood, therefore, hemoglobin decreases and the density of blood serum increases.

The ability of the kidneys to purify the blood is impaired, which causes other diseases. Profound changes at the biochemical level can lead to irreversible consequences and serious health problems.

Polyphosphates contribute to the accumulation of surfactants in tissues, especially cotton and wool. Even 10 rinses hot water doesn't remove them. In the middle of the twentieth century scientists Western Europe and America found out the harmful effects of phosphates on the body.

Therefore, a number of bills have been passed to eliminate phosphates from washing powders. On the market you can find both phosphorus-containing washing powders and phosphate-free ones. But their cost is very different. Therefore, people prefer cheaper means.

Other chemicals

There are a number of other substances that form the basis of many detergents and powders, but their content is very low:

• sodium hypochlorite- chlorine-containing substance found in bleaches;
• petroleum distillates— are used in polishes for metal surfaces;
• nitrobenzene— use in polishes for furniture and floor coverings;
• ammonia- is part of the windshield wipers.

All of these substances cause various symptoms, ranging from mild dizziness and nausea to visual impairment and embryotoxic effects.

How to protect yourself from the aggressive action of household chemicals

Despite the fact that many people know how harmful household chemicals are, about the harm of household chemicals for human health, it is difficult for people to completely abandon them. But you must know how to reduce the risk of exposure to the body, and to the skin of the hands in particular. Keeping a few simple rules we can help ourselves and our loved ones:

1. Rinse clothes, and more underwear at least eight times.
2. Wear gloves every time you wash dishes and come into contact with other detergents and cleaning agents.
3. When washing clothes with washing powder, do not stay in the same room as the washing machine.
4. Ventilate the room where the laundry is washed and dried more often.
5. After washing, it is necessary to carry out wet cleaning in the room.
6. Choose those detergents in which surfactants and phosphates are less than 5%.
7. Do not use commercially available disinfectants unless absolutely necessary.
8. Don't mix different kinds and trade marks household chemicals in one container.
9. Use a mask to protect your upper respiratory tract.

The most dangerous and safe brands

Black list of hazardous substances in which phosphates and surfactants are contained in the range from 5% - to 35% This list includes brands that are not recommended for washing children's clothes:

• eared nanny;
• Amway bleaches;
• AMELY
• Pemos;
• Drift;
• babysitter;
• Ariel;
• Tide.

The white list of brands of washing powders and detergents, which contain less harmful substances, has a more modest number of representatives. Of course, these are manufacturers from foreign countries, where the use of many substances harmful to health is prohibited by law.

• Garden kids is a soap for children's things, it contains up to 30% soda, 0.4% silver ions, up to 65% sodium citrate - all these substances do not have harmful properties, so the soap does not harm the skin.
• Frau Schmidt - this product contains surfactants, but not more than 15%.
• Bio Mio - the content of zeolites does not exceed 15%, and surfactants are even less than about 4%, additional components improve the quality of washing and reduce the aggressive effects of chemicals.
• soap nuts and their derivatives.
• Sonett.
• Almawin.
• ECODOO.
• Ecover.
• Nordland Eco.

From the ingredients that we can all find in stores or on the market, you can make washing powders, detergents and much more. People who suffer from allergic diseases since childhood sometimes have no choice but to avoid industrial chemicals.

Do-it-yourself cleaning products and detergents are not at all difficult to make. Even before the arrival of people in the chemical industry, our grandmothers calmly managed with natural remedies that did not cause harm to health.

Dishwashing liquids

Soap bag. Use the soap bars that are left over and place them in a cotton bag. This bag is good for washing dishes.

Special dishwashing gel - a favorite dishwashing detergent can be easily prepared by yourself. Take 0.6 ml of hot water; 30 grams of laundry soap; 1 tablespoon of vodka; 5 tablespoons of glycerin. Grind the soap, you can on a grater.

Add hot water and stir well. Cool down. Add the rest of the ingredients and mix thoroughly. When foam forms, skim it off. At first, the liquid will be sparse, but will thicken over time.

Cleaning products

Pasty substances for cleaning surfaces are also popular among hostesses. Rust, soap marks and other unpleasant things are cleaned with these products. But the harmful effect on the hands and respiratory tract forces us to look for other alternative methods for these purposes.

DIY cleaning paste

Take ordinary soap, of course, laundry soap is better, but baby soap, ordinary hot water and baking soda will also work. These ingredients are best taken in a 1:2 ratio. You can add a few drops of your favorite essential oil to this mixture. The paste can be made thicker and more liquid. Grind the soap on a grater, add water and beat with a mixer. Get a sticky mass. Soda will make the consistency more pleasant.

soda ash

Old and good remedy it's soda ash. Absolutely environmentally friendly, cheap and safe, from the point of view of ecology, a product that we usually ignore. Soda ash, a stronger alkali, relatively baking soda so it's more efficient. Soda removes grease well, softens water. It is used for such purposes:

1. Floor washing.
2. Bath cleaning.
3. Shell cleaning.
4. tiles.
5. For washing by hands and in the machine.
6. Cleaning enameled ceramic dishes.
7. Crockery.
8. Scale prevention.

Baking soda is a milder remedy, but no less effective, the same as laundry soap. A significant drawback is an unpleasant repulsive odor. Soda and laundry soap can be cleaned:

• Jewelry.
• Chrome, metal and steel surfaces.
• Refrigerator cleaning.
• Bad smell from pets.
• Cleaning of upholstered furniture.
• Difficult stains to remove.

Laundry detergents

Washing clothes also helps us to wash clothes, laundry soap, soda and water will help us. 50 grams of soap, one liter of water, 50 grams of soda ash. You may need fabric softener. To prepare the conditioner, take:

1. Add 200 ml to the rinse water. wine vinegar, thus, the fabric is softened and cleaned of soap residue.
2. For one liter of vinegar, add 5 drops of essential oil, you can use both mint and lavender.

The technology of preparation is very simple. Grate soap, add boiling water and mix thoroughly, also add soda.

This product is well suited for both automatic washing machines and hand washing. The calculation is made as follows: 2 tablespoons of thick washing gel, per 5 kilograms of dry, dirty laundry. The clothes are washed well, and the fabric becomes soft. This is an excellent product without surfactants and phosphates. Gloves should be used when using soda ash. Flaws:

• leaves marks on dark clothes;
• can ruin fabrics with a special membrane coating, silk and wool;
• for the best effect, lay the product in the drum.

Action of toothpaste

The composition of toothpastes includes many substances that have a positive effect on other things:

• shells;
• glass surfaces;
• shower doors;
• decorations;
• plaque on the surface of the iron;
• fish odor removal
• stains from juice and lipstick on white fabrics.

Apply a small amount of toothpaste to contaminated surfaces and rub.

Mold control

You will need 600 ml. water, 2 teaspoons of tea tree essential oil, a teaspoon of alcohol. Mix all ingredients and pour into a spray bottle. Treat the affected areas with the prepared composition. Vinegar can destroy up to 90% of fungal foci.

Vinegar and lemon juice

Lemon juice can remove stains from glass surfaces. Just remove stains from clothes, porcelain will help, namely lemon juice. For cleaning mirrors, housewives have long known a proven remedy, two teaspoons of vinegar are diluted with a liter of water.

As you already understood, the vast majority of washing powders, cleaners, sprays, bleaches and other "useful" household chemicals do our health much more harm than the expected benefits from them. So, some of them contain formaldehyde, a carcinogen that causes cancer.

The detergents we use pollute the air in our home with unhealthy chemicals. In contact with the skin of the hands, they cause allergies, skin irritations, stratification of nails.

When choosing household chemicals, first of all, you need to carefully read the label and be guided by the naturalness of the product.

But manufacturers are not very worried about the environment and consumers, so there is not much to choose from the presented range of products. Therefore, the right decision would be to make cleaning and detergents with your own hands. Here are some good, tried-and-true cleaning recipes that will help make your home cleaner and safer.

DIY cleaning powder

Through trials and experiments, a very good cleaning powder has been obtained, which does not contain harmful substances. It can be used for washing dishes in the kitchen, tiles in the bathroom and plumbing.

Ingredients:

• dry mustard powder - 5 tbsp. spoons;
• soda - 7 tbsp. spoons;
• salt - 1 tbsp. a spoon;
• citric acid - 1 tbsp. a spoon.

Cooking:

1. Pour all the ingredients into a dry bowl.
2. Mix everything very well.
3. After that, the resulting mass is poured into a box convenient for you and used for cleaning.

The prepared powder washes very well both kitchen utensils and plumbing. Removes unpleasant odors and most importantly it is harmless and natural.

Home Wash Detergent

In order to wash surfaces well throughout the house, I recommend a proven detergent, the office is easy to do with your own hands.

Ingredients:

• vinegar - 100 milliliters;
• ammonia - 100 milliliters;
• water - 150 milliliters.

Cooking:

1. Pour carefully all the ingredients into a spray bottle and mix.
2. We apply a little prepared solution to the desired surface and wipe it with a cloth.

This tool perfectly launders walls, kitchen surfaces, glass, tiles.

For those who like to wash their dishes with liquid detergent, we will prepare the following composition:

• laundry soap - 50 grams (ordinary soap without additives and odors);
• soda - 3 tbsp. spoons;
• coarse kitchen salt - 1 tbsp. a spoon;
• hot water - 250 grams.

Cooking:

1. Laundry soap pour hot water and wash it off until completely dissolved. We should get soapy water.
2. Add baking soda and kitchen salt, mix everything well and wait for the soda and salt to dissolve.
3. We filter the resulting mixture and pour it into a spray bottle or a container of dishwashing detergent convenient for you.

Acetic solution

This simple and natural remedy is well suited for cleaning.

Cooking:

1. We remove the peel from one lemon, fill it in a jar with vinegar - 150 milliliters.
2. Close the lid and leave to brew for 12 hours.
3. Then add water - 150 milliliters, mix and you can use.

This tool is well washed all surfaces, it can be used in a spray.

Essences and essential oils of lavender, orange, lemon, spruce, eucalyptus are wonderful air fresheners.

Add a few drops of aromatic oil to the aromatic lamp and turn it on for half an hour. A wonderful aroma in the house and a good mood will be provided to you.

Conclusion

Laundry and cleaning, washing dishes and work surfaces is not complete without modern substances. In a world where danger lies in wait for us at every step, and even in everyday life aggressive chemicals can harm our health, we need to know what is contained and where.

Knowing how household chemicals affect human health, it is much more reasonable to prepare cleaning and detergents with your own hands from natural and safe ingredients. Use recipes that have long been proven by our ancestors and do not endanger yourself or your loved ones.

The composition of household chemicals is often replete with chemical elements. Many people know that concentrated chemicals can be extremely hazardous to health, and often do not even read the instructions for using such drugs in everyday life and do not follow safety precautions when working with them. And this can lead to disastrous health consequences. So, for example, chlorine vapor poisoning is not a joke at all, and skin irritations due to an excess of washing powder also occur regularly. What you need to know about household chemicals, how to work with it and how to protect your body from a potential threat - in the material AiF.ru.

We read the instructions

Experts say that half of the people do not think about how to choose the right household chemicals so as not to make a mistake and not buy the most dangerous product. Those who monitor their health carefully study the instructions and composition.

Today, household chemicals, which are actively used in the homes of Russians, contain components such as:

• Phosphates and phosphonates
• Formaldehyde
• Hydrochloric acid

You can find them in various surface cleaners, powders, dishwashing liquids, carpet cleaners, disinfectants, etc. Moreover, in many they can be in the form of a concentrate, which becomes a real test, for example, for the respiratory system. Not the most in the best way such combinations also affect the skin in contact with them (and often cleaning with the use of such drugs is carried out without gloves).

Dangerous chlorine

Various home remedies with chlorine are highly valued due to the fact that they quickly give a tangible effect, allow you to achieve cleanliness and whiteness of things, and get rid of mold. But you should also understand that chlorine is a volatile chemical element quite dangerous - it also affects the mucous membranes (for example, it burns the nasopharynx when breathing, the cornea of ​​​​the eyes suffers), as well as the skin. Of course, this does not mean that you have to abandon such chemistry. Chlorinated home cleaners, such as antifungals, bleach, etc., must be used very carefully. Due to their poisoning, a person may develop:

• Hypertension
• Anemia
• Problems with the heart and blood vessels
• Allergies that can easily develop into bronchial asthma

Often, scientists blame chlorine for affecting the human immune system, when it reduces its protective functions, making a person vulnerable to various infections. With a low concentration of chlorine (which is supposed to be used in everyday life), poisoning will not occur and no negative effect will accumulate in the body. Therefore, you should read the instructions carefully. As a rule, most chlorine-containing preparations can be used in an amount not exceeding a teaspoon in a large amount of clean water. So, for example, solutions are prepared for bleaching linen, washing surfaces, etc.

If the concentration of chlorine is exceeded, for example, a couple of tablespoons were used per glass of water, or even a liquid or gel was poured directly onto a sponge, this can be understood by characteristic symptoms that will develop in humans. In this case, from chlorine vapor, he will develop:

• Chest tightness and pain when trying to breathe
• Dry cough
• Tearing and pain in the eyes
• Spasms in the bronchi

So it is worth remembering that health is exclusively in the hands of a person. So, when cleaning the house, you must use protective gloves on your hands, work in a ventilated area and in no case exceed the permissible concentrations of the product.

surface active

Surfactants (surfactants) are found in soap and various powders. They are in demand because they clean surfaces well from various contaminants without much effort.

An excess of surfactants and their improper use can cause:

• Liver dysfunction and high cholesterol
• Lung problems
• Skin redness

In order not to be exposed to the harmful effects of such components, it is worth initially choosing products where their content is not particularly high. As for safety measures, linen washed with a powder containing surfactant should be thoroughly rinsed - at least, use an additional cycle of the machine, the dishes should be washed with running water properly. To prevent inhalation, the powder should be poured carefully, with a measuring cup and again in the amount indicated on the package. If it is spilled, it may not wash out of the fabric and will irritate the skin.

Focus on Phosphates

Phosphorus compounds have an extremely negative effect on the condition of human skin - this theory has already been proven by various scientists and researchers. Such substances, used in excess, can destroy the natural protection of the skin. As a result of the negative impact of such drugs in the human body, the following can develop:

• Pathologies of a dermatological profile, for example, diathesis, dermatitis, etc.
• Allergy
• Problems with metabolism
• Respiratory tract lesions

It should be understood that phosphorus compounds can easily penetrate the skin into the bloodstream and be carried throughout the body. Such components are often found in dishwashing liquids. Their concentration here is low to lead to burns of the mucous membranes, but the hands should be protected additionally. Always wear gloves when washing dishes. And after washing it should be thoroughly rinsed.

To eliminate the negative impact of various chemicals that make up household chemicals, experts recommend ventilating the room during and after cleaning, and washing the floor after washing clothes. It is necessary to choose certified products that do not have a pungent odor (this item does not apply to chlorine-containing drugs), packed in sealed packaging. Means cannot be mixed with each other, because. it is not known what kind of reaction they can give. To protect yourself, in addition to gloves, use a face mask.

Who among us does not do at home without various cleaning and detergents, gels and aerosols? Meanwhile, many of them are very toxic, as they contain phosphates and surface-active substances (surfactants) that can cause immunity disorders, allergies, toxic damage to internal organs ... How to recognize these "hidden enemies"?

Dishwashing liquids

They contain aggressive anionic surfactants. Thanks to them, it is possible to effectively wash off grease and dirt from dishes, but do not forget that they have

pronounced toxic properties. Washing off the washing liquid from a cup or plate can only be done by rinsing the dish for at least 20 seconds. But few of us do that. As a result, along with food, we absorb a huge amount of harmful compounds.

If you don't want to get poisoned, start the dishwasher or use natural remedies like baking soda.

Washing powders

Compounds that help laundry to wash are also poisonous. These are the same surfactants and phosphates. When we use the powder, toxins get on our skin and in the respiratory tract. These synthetic substances are never completely removed from the washed fabric. Therefore, it is better to use laundry soap when washing. If this is not possible, then protect yourself. Wash with rubber gloves and wear a face mask. You can use liquid laundry concentrates - but although they are not as harmful, they still remain in the fibers of the fabric. To wash them off completely, it is necessary to rinse the laundry at least eight times in hot water. And a standard washing machine usually rinses it no more than four times. Therefore, it is worth choosing powders based on natural detergent.

basis - they do not contain any anionic surfactants or phosphates. True, such products do not wash dirt as well as synthetic powders.

Toilet cleaners

Even the usual bleach, which was used to wash bathrooms and toilets in the Soviet era, provokes cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, anemia, hypertension, worsens the condition of the skin and hair. And what to say about modern means!

They contain sodium hypochlorite, which irritates mucous membranes and respiratory organs. No wonder the packages usually contain warnings that the product is toxic and can cause burns. They also often contain cresols and phenols, which can cause short-term loss of consciousness, impaired visual acuity and diarrhea. There is only one way out - when cleaning the bathroom, wear a protective mask and gloves, and after cleaning, be sure to ventilate the room, at least open the door wide open. It is best to use baking soda with vinegar or organic detergents instead of chemicals - they do not cause human body such harm.

Window cleaning sprays

Rarely does anyone wash these days. window panes just with water, and modern facilities much more efficient. Most often they are produced in the form of sprays and aerosols. And they contain ammonia hydrate, propanol and ammonia. If you are unlucky and you inhale them to the fullest, you may lose coordination of movements, start to “eat” your eyes and develop a migraine. To avoid poisoning, use ordinary table vinegar. Of course, it is not so convenient to use, but it is safer than chemistry.

Air fresheners

It would seem, what could be harmful to a product that smells so good? However, any freshener contains phthalates (salts of phthalic acid), the inhalation of which leads to hormonal disruptions in the body. And some sprays contain formaldehyde, which has carcinogenic properties. If pleasant smells are so important to you, as an alternative, you can use an aroma lamp with essential oil. Although, of course, it is not very convenient to use it in the bathroom or restroom.

When choosing a household chemical product for household needs, first of all, carefully read the composition. The more components, the more dangerous this remedy for the body!

NON-STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"ELABUZH CITY INSTITUTE
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES»

Department of Quality Management

TEST
discipline: "Fundamentals of life safety"

on the topic: "The danger of household chemicals"

The work was completed by: student gr. 703 UKZ
Mulyukova Dilyara Ramzilevna
"___" ____________ 20__
______________________
(student's signature)

Job checked
"___" ___________20__
Grade________________
Teacher:_____________
_____________________
(teacher's signature)

Yelabuga
2011

Content
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………...3
Chapter 1. Safety measures when using chemicals ...... 5
1.1.Storage and rules of use…………………………………………5
1.2.Danger when using……………………………………………6
Chapter 2. Classification of hazardous household chemicals and their brief description………………………………………………………………..8
2.1. Soaps and detergents……………………………………………...9
2.2. Synthetic detergents……………………………………..10
2.3. Cosmetics………………………………………………….11
2.4 Deodorants …………………………………………………………...12
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...14
References…………………………………………………………..16

Introduction
Everywhere and always - at work and at home, in the garden and in the village - everywhere we are surrounded by almighty chemistry and the substances and materials born of it. In this huge number of chemical products, a special category can be distinguished - household chemicals.
The rapid development of the chemical industry has brought to life a huge variety of household chemicals, which are widely recognized. With the help of these preparations, it is much easier than before to wash, blue and starch linen, clean carpets and clothes, paint, glue, care for plants in the room and in the garden, etc.
The use of chemicals in everyday life is by no means an invention of our time, the brainchild of which is the industry of household chemicals. There is a lot of information that long before our era, people used, although imperfect, but still quite effective chemicals.
The unusually rapid development of the chemical industry in recent decades and, at the same time, the growth of the needs and demands of modern man have led to a sharp increase in the output of household chemicals. What you need to know about household chemicals?
A product and a product are not the same thing. A drug is a chemical substance or a mixture of substances used individually or as an integral part for certain purposes. It is packaged in appropriate packaging, intended for retail (or wholesale) sale. It becomes a household chemical product as soon as it enters the distribution network.
The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the range of household chemicals is constantly updated and expanded by both domestic and foreign types of drugs. Less efficient ones give way to more efficient ones, more dangerous ones give way to less hazardous ones for health and the environment. This changes not only the appearance, name, but also chemical composition.
The purpose of this work is to expand knowledge about the use of household chemicals in everyday life.
Tasks:
1. Consider the classification of household chemicals.
2. Consider a brief description of household chemicals.
3. Learn safety precautions when using chemicals.
4. Study the rules for storage and the rules for the use of chemicals.
5. Get acquainted with some household chemicals, such as soaps and detergents, synthetic detergents, hygiene products and cosmetics.
6. Reveal some environmental problems associated with the use of household chemicals.
To make it easier to navigate in a huge variety of household chemicals, it is necessary to classify them.
Of course, all products differ in their chemical composition and, consequently, in the degree of danger that they can pose to people and the environment if used improperly.

Chapter 1. Safety measures when using chemicals.
1.1. Storage and application rules
All household chemicals, even if it is ordinary washing powder or soda, should be stored so that small children cannot reach them. These funds must be stored separately from any food products.
Means that are dangerous in terms of fire should be kept in closed bottles, away from sources of heat or fire, preferably in a cool place. If a label has fallen off a bottle or jar with such a product, you must immediately stick it or make it again. In general, labels with a clear, legible inscription should be provided with all packages of chemicals.
When working with flammable products, do not light gas burners, matches, do not smoke, do not use electric heaters. It must be remembered that vapors of flammable liquids are especially explosive. Therefore, it is best to work with such products in the air.
Products containing large quantities of aggressive chemicals (hydrochloric acid, alkalis, etc.) must be kept closed and labeled. When working, take off to wear rubber gloves, goggles, after completion of work, wash your hands well with soap and water and gloves, and hands.
Before using any product, you must carefully read all the recommendations given on the package or instructions, and strictly follow them. Chemicals should be used only in the amount indicated in the instructions.
Liquid substances should be poured, be sure to use a funnel, and loose substances should be transferred with a spoon. In this case, it is necessary to protect the eyes from splashes or fine powder. The funnel and spoon should be washed and dried after use; store better in the same place where chemicals are stored.
It should be remembered that when diluting sulfuric acid, it must be poured into water, and not vice versa.
Some substances react with each other when mixed, sometimes releasing a large amount of heat, so flashes or ignitions are possible; other substances, after mixing, turn into new ones, with different properties and become unusable. Such substances are called incompatible, they should never be mixed.
· Ammonia (ammonia) and ammonia (ammonium chloride) are incompatible with formalin and iodine.
Borax is incompatible with ammonia, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids.
· Iodine is incompatible with ammonia.
Sulfur and hydrochloric acids incompatible with soda ash and drinking soda, lime, mole, alkalis.
· Sulfur is incompatible with potassium permanganate, bleach.
· Chloric lime is incompatible with fats, oils, glycerin, ammonia, ammonia, organic solvents.
So, compliance with all the simple rules listed above, as well as the instructions on the packaging of each chemical, guarantees complete safety when working with such drugs.
1.2. Danger in use
Household chemicals, if used incorrectly, can cause poisoning, burns, etc. Storing them in the wrong place, in unlabeled containers, and using them without observing safety precautions can contribute to their entry into food products.
If liquid chemicals are splashed heavily or powders are sprayed, small particles can get on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract and cause inflammation, as well as cause general poisoning. It is very dangerous when household products containing toxic substances, accidentally getting into the gastrointestinal tract, are absorbed into the blood.
Chemical poisoning also occurs as a result of their careless storage (leaky packaging, accessibility for small children, etc.).
Some substances, when mixed, give off a lot of heat, which often threatens to ignite. Liquid substances of household chemicals must not be poured into bottles for drinks, vinegar, vegetable oil, medicines and other utensils, from where they can be mistakenly used inside.
Each of the household chemicals has its own characteristics. The toxicity of a substance depends on the chemical composition, volatility, stability in the external environment, solubility in water and organic solvents. Of certain importance is the fact whether the drug is in a liquid, solid state or in the form of an aerosol. The method of application and the amount of consumable matters. All these features must be considered and precautions taken in each case.
Poisonous substances that are in the vapor state more often enter through the respiratory tract: in the form of mists, gases, aerosols.
Even under the same conditions, different people are not equally sensitive to poisons. Some symptoms of poisoning appear very soon, others later, and some may not complain at all.
The influence of chemicals on the human body is enhanced under the influence of environmental factors (humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc.).
Only drugs of medium and low toxicity enter the trade network, but if they are not used correctly, then poisoning can also occur.
Doses of poison can be lethal, effective - and minimally effective. The former cause death, while the latter act on the body, causing one or another degree of poisoning. Inactive doses and concentrations of poisons do not affect bodily functions. These are the minimum quantities that you can work with without fear of poisoning. However, even these small doses can be concentrated in the liver, kidneys, heart, blood, nervous system to influence their functions.

Chapter 2. Classification of household chemicals.
1. By appointment
· Detergents
Cleaning
Disinfectants
· Care of furniture
Floor care
・Insect control
Plant protection products
・Universal tools
· Means of hygiene and cosmetics
2. According to the state of aggregation
Liquid (also suspensions and emulsions)
Solid (powder, granules and tablets)
3. By concentration
・Ready to use
· Concentrated
4. By use
Disposable
Reusable
5. According to the degree of potential danger
Safe
Flammable
poisonous
Household chemical goods are also produced in the form of pastes and lipstick-like preparations (deodorizing and adhesive sticks, etc.).
Preparations of the same purpose may differ in the way they are used.
So, synthetic detergents can be intended for both machine and hand washing. For both white and black underwear. It must be remembered that any chemical preparation works effectively only under certain conditions, which are always indicated in the attached instructions or on the package.
There are preparations for a narrow purpose, for example, bleaches intended for bleaching linen and cotton fabrics. There are also drugs for several purposes. So, some bleaches can also be used as disinfectants.
It is necessary to say about the packages in which household chemicals are produced. The most convenient products in aerosol cans. Many types of packaging in the form of plastic bottles, cans and flasks are also convenient, many products are produced in glass or metal cans, in bags made of polymer films and from duplicated materials, in cardboard packaging. Of course, in all cases, the specifics of the drug are taken into account - its chemical composition, state of aggregation, shelf life - the container is selected accordingly, i.e. packaging. Ease of storage and use are also taken into account.
The presence or absence of functional devices is also associated with the form of packaging. Some of them are very simple, but provide additional convenience - for example, measuring caps for liquid detergents and other concentrated preparations, measuring cups for dispensing SMS, foam pad for applying paste, sprayer, etc.
2.1. Soaps and detergents.
Soap is the greatest achievement of mankind. And few people can imagine their life without a fragrant piece or a jar of liquid filler.
Professor Yuri Lozovsky at the end of the 20th century blacklisted soap, explaining that - The cause of premature aging of the skin lies precisely in the usual soap for all. His research showed that soap destroys the protective fatty layer that prevents bacteria from entering the body. According to his followers, the rejection of detergent can prolong life for many years.
How does alkaline soap work and why is alkali harmful?
Soap is alkaline product. Its purpose is the mechanical washing away of microorganisms. During the soaping process, the grease with settled dirt dissolves. This is good - you can’t argue, but along with cleansing, soap leads to a shift in the acidity of the skin to the alkaline side - from 9 to 12, when the average is from 4 to 7.
It turns out that human skin is deprived of an important mechanism of protection against aggressive external factors, without which it is impossible to preserve the youthfulness of the skin. Moreover, alkali loosens the stratum corneum of the skin, the structure of the epidermis becomes permeable, and the skin becomes dry. Therefore, it is highly recommended not to use soap for facial care. Alkaline soap is only suitable for washing hands, which after washing should be liberally lubricated with cream.
To sum up: alkaline soap

destroys the protective layer
loosens the epidermis
dries the skin
should only be used on hands

2.2 Synthetic detergents
Currently, the chemical industry produces a large number of different synthetic detergents.One in ten people experience health problems caused by laundry detergents. However, neither Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, nor other detergent manufacturers disclose full list chemicals, citing trade secrets. Scientists have tested products from several of the world's leading brands. All samples showed the presence of at least one toxic component. In total, the presence of about 100 volatile organic compounds not listed on the label, including carcinogenic ones, was found in household chemical products.
What can we say about Russia, when, according to experts, every fourth detergent in Russia is a fake. And no one thinks about the safety of fake washing powders and shampoos. Most often they are made from bleach, salt and toxic formaldehydes. What happens to a person after using such rubbish depends only on his immunity.

Danger #1- washing powder can be harmful to health. After all, we, and even worse, our children, have to put on a thing that in the washing machine could closely communicate with a real “chemical weapon”. I washed a T-shirt for my son, he put it on, and then he has red spots on his body. Allergy. From what? We sin on food, medicine, dust and a fluffy cat. And in vain - dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis and even bronchial asthma can be caused precisely by an allergy to a “safe” and, moreover, “pleasantly smelling” powder.Worst of all, the victims of inexpensive washing powders are children, who are most vulnerable to insidious manifestations of allergies. Only in Moscow and the Moscow region, according to research by the Institute of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, more than 200 thousand people are allergic to household chemicals, and the “pleasant” smell is just fragrances designed to drown out the real smell of toxic fumes.Remember how in the novels of Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie, poison was always mixed into lamb with garlic sauce? So, perfumes in powders are the very “garlic sauce” that beat off the smell of strychnine or arsenic from the victims.
The right laundry detergent should be unscented and have a sticker on it - a certificate stating that it has been tested for hypoallergenicity by a reputable medical institution.
Danger #2- widely advertised Western brand. When buying, look not at the brand, but at the price tag. High-quality washing powders for 1-2 euros are not sold in Germany or France! This means that we are dealing either with an outright fake, or with a so-called licensed product, the quality of which often differs from the original in the same way as boutique jeans from a product from the clothing market with the same label. Danger #3- the so-called universality. In the struggle for a buyer, especially during a crisis, household chemicals dealers in advertising rely on the versatility of their detergent. They urge you to save money and buy a powder that with equal success washes a woolen dress, tulle curtains, cotton underwear, and even bleaches all this along the way and removes stains to boot. All this is a deep delusion that can lead to the sudden death of your favorite wardrobe items. Household chemicals that do not pose all these dangers - namely, they are guaranteed to be tested for hypoallergenicity, are protected from fakes of quality and are produced specially for each type of fabric - not so much.

2.3 Space products.
In the world it is believed that among the most profitable industries in one of the first places is the cosmetic industry. Observations show that if necessary, women can deny themselves a lot, but not that which will make them at least a little more beautiful.
The art of cosmetics is a thing of the distant past. So, during the excavations, Egyptian mummies were found, the nails of which are painted. In the tombs of the Egyptian pyramids, natural paints and cosmetic tools, various tiles for preparing a mixture of paints and rouge, vessels for storing ointments and oils were found.
cosmetics are not always safe. Considering that such products contain chemicals found in dynamite or tear gas or cat litter, it can be assumed that they will not always be effective for beauty. Some cosmetics are dangerous.
Many consumers know that the composition of cosmetics includes table salt. For the production of shampoo or shower gel, surfactants are used and the missing ingredient, sodium chloride, is added to increase the stickiness. As part of lipstick, you can find a substance that is part of tear gas - diatomaceous earth. An ingredient found in cat litter can be found in deodorant and cuticle cream.
Widely distributed through a chain of stores, pharmacies in all counties, dangerous cosmetics and make-up products that contain mercury. Mascaras use this ingredient, which should be banned. DEA (a common skin irritant) is used in many shampoos, plastic (used in hair gels and sprays), nitrosamine (a carcinogenic ingredient) is a cause of cancer in many animal species, and ammonium lauryl sulfate, which is found in shampoos, shower gels, can damage your skin, eyes and cause harm to the respiratory system.
Many of these ingredients are able to penetrate the skin into the bloodstream. It has already been proven that the ingredients in tear gas significantly reduce breathing, irritate eyesight, and can cause temporary blindness. Diatomite can cause eye and skin irritation.
The question should always be: "Is this cosmetic safe?" It is better to be a literate consumer, not to risk your safety for the sake of beauty. The average consumer, when applying cosmetics, should be aware that cosmetics may contain dangerous ingredients that can cause harm. So an eyeliner that has a dangerous substance in it can cause a burn to the eyes.
2.4 Deodorants
Everyone knows that deodorants are products that eliminate the unpleasant smell of sweat. What is their action based on? Sweat is secreted by special glands located in the skin at a depth of 1-3 mm. (Appendix No. 2) In healthy people, 98 ... 99% of it consists of water. With sweat, metabolic products are excreted from the body: urea, uric acid, ammonia, some amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, trace amounts of proteins, steroid hormones, etc. From the mineral components, sweat includes sodium, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese ions , iron, as well as chloride and iodide anions. The unpleasant smell of sweat is associated with the bacterial breakdown of its components or with their oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. Deodorants (cosmetics from sweat) are of two types.
1. They inhibit the decomposition of metabolic products excreted with sweat by inactivating microorganisms or preventing the oxidation of sweat products.
2. The action of the second group of deodorants is based on the partial suppression of sweating processes.
Chemical compounds that are widely used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, may increase the risk of breast cancer. This group of substances, known as parabens, was found in significant amounts in tumor tissue samples that were studied by British researchers from the University of Reading, near London.
Scientists decided to check the emerging data that certain components of cosmetics can provoke cancerous tumors. They studied 20 different tumor samples and concluded that they accumulated parabens at an average concentration of 20.6 nanograms per gram of tissue. Moreover, they were presented in a form that could only get through the skin.
Dr. Philippa Darbre, lead researcher, said: "Parabens are used as preservatives in thousands of cosmetics, food products and drugs, but this is the first study that has proven the possibility of their accumulation in tissues. "The scientists also noted that parabens are similar in action to female sex hormones and can, in principle, accelerate the growth of tumors.

Conclusion
Chemistry is a science, an important part of natural science. Strictly speaking, science cannot surround man. It may be surrounded by the results of the practical application of science. This clarification is very significant. At present, one can often hear the words: “chemistry has spoiled nature”, “chemistry has polluted the reservoir and made it unusable”, etc. In fact, the science of chemistry is completely irrelevant here. People, using the results of science, poorly formalized them into a technological process, irresponsibly reacted to the requirements of safety rules and environmentally acceptable standards for industrial discharges, ineptly and excessively used fertilizers on agricultural land and plant protection products from weeds and plant pests. Any science, especially natural science, cannot be good or bad. Science is the accumulation and systematization of knowledge. Another thing is how and for what purposes this knowledge is used. However, this already depends on the culture, qualifications, moral responsibility and morality of people who do not extract, but use knowledge.
Modern man cannot do without products of the chemical industry, just as it is impossible to do without electricity. The same situation is with the products of the chemical industry. It is necessary to protest not against certain chemical industries, but against their low culture.
Human culture is a complex and diverse concept, in which such categories arise as the ability of a person to behave in society, to speak his native language correctly, to keep his clothes and appearance neat, etc. However, we often talk and hear about the culture of construction, the culture of production, the culture of agriculture, and so on. Indeed, when it comes to the culture of Ancient Greece or even earlier civilizations, they first of all remember the crafts that people of that era owned, what tools they used, what they knew how to build, how they knew how to decorate buildings and individual objects.
Many important chemical processes for humans were discovered long before chemistry took shape as a science. A significant number of chemical discoveries have been made by observant and inquisitive artisans. These discoveries turned into family or clan secrets, and not all of them have come down to us. Some of them were lost to mankind. It was and is necessary to spend a lot of work, to create laboratories, and sometimes institutes for revealing the secrets of the ancient masters and their scientific interpretation.
etc.................