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Describe nature using vivid imagery examples. Description of nature in the works of I. S. Turgenev. Homework
"The fields are spacious, dumb
Shine, doused with dew ...
The high forest is silent and thrilling,
The green, dark forest is silent"
The secret of majestic nature
The famous Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, became famous as a master of landscape. In his work, the description of the picture of nature is inseparable from the life of the characters, their mood and inner feelings. The landscapes of the author are not only filled with colorful, realistic and detailed description but also carry a psychological and emotional burden. By describing nature, the author reveals the inner essence of his character. So in the novel "Fathers and Sons", Turgenev, using the landscape of nature, shows how the mood of the hero Arcady himself changes, the author very accurately conveys his inner world. Nature in Turgenev's description is very colorful, the author presents it in such detail that the picture literally comes to life. The words that the writer selects very accurately convey the presented landscape: “golden green, ... shining under the quiet breath of a warm breeze.”
The nature presented in the works of Turgenev is very diverse. In the story “Bezhin Meadow”, the July landscape is vividly represented: “the color of the sky, light, pale purple”, “in the dry and clean air it smells of wormwood, compressed rye, buckwheat”, at night “steel reflections of water, occasionally and vaguely flickering, indicated it current." The writer is so deeply imbued with the description of nature that his landscapes become so real, as if they come to life. The brilliance of his paintings can be compared with the work of an artist's brush. But with only one difference - Turgenev's landscapes are dynamic, they are in constant motion. The author very colorfully conveys the beginning of the rain in the story "Biryuk" from the cycle "Notes of a Hunter": " Strong wind suddenly roared in the sky, the trees raged, large drops of rain pounded sharply, splashed on the leaves, lightning flashed, and a thunderstorm broke out. The rain came pouring down."
Turgenev understood nature, bowed before its majesty and rigor of the laws established by it. He noted the powerlessness of man before the power of nature, admired, even with some fear, her power. Nature appears as something eternal, unshakable, as opposed to human mortal existence. The writer tries to see that common link between nature and man, but stumbles over her serene silence. The author has repeatedly noted the independence of the operation of the laws of nature from human aspirations, plans, ambitions and human life in general. Nature in Turgenev's works is simple and open in its reality, but complex and mysterious in manifestations of forces often hostile to man.
He was even frightened by the indifference of nature, embodied in the inviolability of laws over which man had no influence. Everything is in its power, regardless of human desire or consent. The author demonstrates this manifestation especially vividly in the poetic prose "Nature". Here Turgenev turns to mother nature with the question: “What is your thought about? Is it not about the future destinies of mankind ... ”However, his answer amazed him very much, it turns out that at that time she was taking care of improving the life of a flea. “Reason is not my law,” she answered in an iron cold voice.
The endless mysteries of nature and the universe disturb the author and disturb his imagination. The image of nature in Turgenev's works is shown very colorfully and professionally, using rich Russian speech, giving the landscape an indescribable beauty filled with colors and smells.
Morning picture summer nature looks quite bewitching and attractive to the human eye. The rising sun illuminates everything around with its gentle and warm rays.
Grass, bushes - all this is covered with transparent dew. Sometimes a light and transparent veil of fog hangs over everything. The fresh pre-dawn coolness is combined with occasional gusts of morning breeze. The sky is not yet shining with its usual blueness, but is temporarily covered with small white clouds, which will disperse immediately after the sun rises. There is still no choir of bird voices ringing with all the melodies, but only occasionally can be heard the cooing of early pigeons. Silence everywhere, almost no sounds.
But suddenly, the very first rays of the sun appear from behind the horizon line, and after a few minutes the sun regally rises to the sky and nature seems to come to life: you can immediately hear the songs of birds, gusts of wind, clouds disperse and a bright blue sky opens. The picture of morning nature is pleasing to any person and attracts his gaze with its splendor.
Some interesting essays
- The image and characteristics of Evgraf Zhivago in Doctor Zhivago Pasternak
Doctor Zhivago is a novel written by Boris Pasternak in 1955 (he wrote it for ten years). Soviet authorities they did not accept this novel, and Pasternak was subject to persecution, because of which he died early.
- Characteristics and image of Pyotr Grinev from the story The Captain's Daughter of Pushkin essay Grade 8
Pyotr Grinev is the main and positive hero of the story " Captain's daughter". He is a young nobleman from a wealthy family. All day long the boy chased pigeons and played with the yard boys.
- What is the role of a mother in a child's life? Final essay Grade 11
They often talk about the role of a teacher, coach, friends, but no one even thinks, it seems to me, about the role of a mother ... Yes, simply because it is huge! What to discuss it? But no, you can't forget about it.
- The image and characteristics of Peter 1 in the poem The Bronze Horseman by Pushkin essay
The famous work of the writer "The Bronze Horseman" sums up the work of the great Russian Tsar. Even the title of the poem shows us that the author draws us the image of the famous reformer in history, Peter the Great.
- Features of the image of the heroes of Russian literature of the 19th century
Russian literature at all times differed significantly from the work of world writers with a special sensual content, liveliness of forms, a rich range of artistic images and forms.
Summer is a wonderful time of the year. Long sunny days replaced by short warm nights. Most often the weather is clear, and the boundless blue sky stretches overhead. The trees are lavishly dressed in bright green robes. Under them, grass grows thickly everywhere, dotted with colorful lights of summer flowers - poppies, bluebells, clover, tansy, chamomile, marigolds ... And above them butterflies flutter and all sorts of goosebumps buzz.
Summer decorates gardens and orchards. Juicy cherries ripen, followed by apricots and peaches. Large red strawberries lean low to the ground. Gradually
"burn" in the rays summer sun recently green tomatoes. Here and there cucumbers are tied on the arches. The tenacious thorny branches of the blackberry are completely dotted with sweet dark purple, almost black berries. And so everywhere - a riot of color, a feast of fertility, a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort.
Summer has a wonderful sonorous voice - it is singing high in the sky or birds hidden in the branches of trees - the maestro nightingale, the morning lark, the cheerful chatterer-sparrow. And in the late afternoon, the music of summer changes - the chorus of crickets enters, which does not stop until the morning.
And even the rain in summer is warm and gentle. Under the tent of the low
The cloud of air becomes hot. Cool raindrops wash away dust from roads and foliage, making it sparkle with an even purer emerald glow.
Summer is bright, colorful… June is not like August, and July has something to please the eye. High clear sky, warm clear water of rivers, ripe fruits, saturated colors around... There is no person in the world who would not love summer!
(5
ratings, average: 4.00
out of 5)
Essays on topics:
- Summer is my favorite season of the year. Not because the longest holidays begin, but because it's warm. In the summer there is...
- Night hid behind a magic cloud, and a pink morning descended on the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already lit on...
- Here comes the spring. And with the advent of spring, all nature around is transformed. At first, the days increase, and the temperature gradually rises by ...
How you will be understood by others largely depends on the ability to correctly express your thoughts. It is for this reason that the Russian language is one of the main subjects school curriculum. It begins with calligraphy in the first grade and is taught throughout the entire period of study. For many, it is quite problematic to learn to write without errors - this is evidenced by the culture of a person’s speech, the way he expresses himself and speaks. Some educators believe that the ability to speak correctly largely determines the literacy of the individual and his ability to express his thoughts. It is for this reason that the educational program is aimed rather not at memorizing the rules of the Russian language, but at developing the ability to stylistically correctly build one's reasoning. To this end, the school conducts a large number of works aimed at the description. Their examples are quite simple: or, say, how the child spent the holidays.
Such tasks allow the student to develop the ability to choose the right the right words and, as a result, speak fluently.
What is a description
A description is any passage of text or saying that reveals the meaning of what is seen or heard. In fact, the same description of nature comes down to the verbal transfer of what he saw to paper. As a rule, for the first time a person encounters this type of text at school in Russian language lessons. Modern educational programs are constructed in such a way that junior middle school students, namely the fifth or sixth grade, write essays in which they need to make, for example, a description of flowers or a person. In fact, there is nothing difficult or unusual in such a task, however, the child may have certain difficulties for the reason that he has never described anything in a coherent text before.
Types of description
In general, all descriptions can be conditionally divided into two large groups: living and non-living. The first type should include people, animals, plants, nature, in a word, everything that can be considered animated. The second type is also quite common: this includes a description of the city, seasons, things, technology. Despite this division, the ways of narrating can overlap, since in the works there must certainly be some literary presentation, involving the use of means of artistic expression. Of course, this comes with time, and the first compositions will not at all look like perfectly written texts. But with the proper level of erudition, the child will eventually learn suitable words depict anything, whether it is a description of nature or a person.
Description plan
Despite the fact that in the lessons the teacher is obliged to give the students the plan according to which the description should be made, examples of such work may be different. Let's try to consider a certain universal way of writing such essays. First, you need to highlight for yourself the main points on which the structure of the work will be built, namely the introduction, main part, conclusion or conclusion.
It is important to note that in such works is absent. This is logical, because it is difficult to single it out if the task is, for example, a description of a city. Each part has its own size. The introduction is short, a couple of general sentences that set the tone for the entire essay. The main part is more detailed, here will be the main points. The conclusion is the general impression of the described object. In the introduction, it should be said about how the object was created - if it is a picture, then by whom and when it was painted, if it is a building, then who is its architect. The main part will be discussed below, and in the conclusion, as a rule, they write about whether they liked or disliked the object and why.
How to Express Your Thoughts
When writing such a work, it is very important how the author will lead the story. One of the most successful methods of description is the choice of the brightest details and their detailed analysis. There is another way, which consists in a general overview of all available details. Here it is very important to guess if, for example, the Artist could make a certain accent that needs to be caught. In this case, the description will be bright. Another very important point is that it is necessary to accurately select expressions so that the reader of the work can clearly imagine the described object. Of course, such skill is inherent only to talented writers, but with hard work you can achieve good results.
Description at school
The most acute issue is school descriptions, since it is here that the first difficulties are revealed. In general, only some types of work are used in tasks, having analyzed them, you can successfully cope with any task. How to do this will be the subject of the second part of the article. As a rule, description tasks are based on various paintings by famous artists.
For sure artistic description nature is what every student first encounters. There is no need to be afraid of this, because there is a certain plan, following which you can cope with the task without much difficulty. So, there is a task that requires a description. Let's look at examples below.
Description of the landscape
First, you must follow exactly the plan that was presented above. We are interested in the main part, since it raises the most questions. There is such a rule: when describing any picture, you should move in one direction. What does it mean? Everything is pretty simple. If there is a landscape, then it is necessary to describe objects, for example, from top to bottom or vice versa. This will allow you not to forget a single detail and get a holistic view of the picture. Further, when moving, it is required to select any object and describe its position in the overall composition, not forgetting to use expressions, as this will make the presentation more literary.
Also important is the way the author called his picture. From this we can conclude what should be paid attention to Special attention. If, for example, he called the painting "Summer", this means that you should pay attention to all the attributes of this season and try to find them on the canvas. In this case, the description of the summer will be quite successful. For example, a brief description of such a picture might look like this: “In the painting by artist N, we see a picturesque landscape captured in a hot summer season. The sun is at its zenith, so we can conclude that it is noon now. calm weather, no wind, do not move. The bright colors on the field emphasize that now is June - the juiciest time" and so on.
Description of people
The second most popular task is the description of various portraits. In fact, it is not much different from any other species, but the principle here is slightly different. If you want to make an example, you can consider in any work of classical literature. The professional author easily "runs" through appearance hero, considering his clothes, face and focusing on some distinctive features, which allows you to revive the story. This technique will look very advantageous in any work. But it is necessary to have a sense of proportion, namely, not to dwell on one detail. The very essence of the description is to most accurately convey the main features of the object in the shortest possible time.
Description of plants
A favorite topic of many artists is the image of plants, which is why one often has to face the problem of describing them. Here you should pay attention to the fact that, as a rule, such objects are small in size, so the author of the picture focuses on the details.
The description of flowers can serve as a prime example. If the picture is a still life, then you will have to try to notice all the features that the artist conveyed. Dew drops, broken stamens or irregularly shaped petals are all those important details, which convey the mood of the picture, and, therefore, they should be reflected in the description. In general, there are no cardinal differences. The only thing to pay attention to is the paints. The color of a plant can play a rather significant role, so it is necessary to turn to materials that reveal the meaning of color symbols.
Other descriptions
In addition to the notorious pictures, another type of task can be a description of the holidays. Probably, everyone wrote about how he spent them, without fail including a description of the summer in his story. Here it is worth paying attention to some general details that are associated with a particular season, something that anyone can easily imagine. Then the work will look very advantageous.
Conclusion
Of course, you can give a lot of advice on how to write a description. Examples will not be superfluous, but they can be. When writing any work, style is very important. Its presence in most cases can significantly help, even if a person does not have the information. Borrowing other people's thoughts can lead to blunting the writing talent that everyone has. And this, in turn, is fraught with the fact that in high school or on exams it will be difficult for the student to concentrate and correctly express his thoughts. If a child is independently able to complete the description of an object, it means that he not only knows how to correctly express his thoughts, but does it confidently and quickly. Undoubtedly, this needs to be learned, and only practice will be useful here. Knowing the Russian language is the duty of every citizen of Russia.
Description of nature
Karnaukhova Larisa Veniaminovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
GBOU secondary school №583
Primorsky district of St. Petersburg
Lesson Objectives:
Training: get acquainted with the features of texts describing nature: composition, style of speech, language means;
Prepare for writing an essay, using the works of masters of the word (Russian poets and writers) as a sample.
Developing: to develop the mental and speech activity of students, the ability to analyze, compare, develop communication skills, creative abilities.
Educational: to cultivate a careful and responsible attitude to the word; sense of beauty; improve ethical interpersonal communication skills.
Based on the wording of the topic, form the objectives of the lesson.
Use key words:
1. Get to know ....
2. To study....
Problem tasks of the lesson:
How to write an essay-description of winter nature (how to create a description text, what means (linguistic) to use, what parts will it consist of, in what style will it be written?)
Today at the lesson we will work in groups. Leaders organize the activities of the groups. A good beginning is an assistant to the cause.
Group work
1. Get acquainted with the features of the description of nature;
2. Prepare for writing an essay - a description of winter nature.
Checking the group assignment completed in the previous lesson. Each group worked with the text describing the nature of the exercises.
What is a landscape? Remind me. (Landscape is a description of nature.)
And with the help of what (besides words) can a landscape be created? (With the help of colors - painting, sounds - music)
Take a look at the reproduction of I Grabar's painting "February Blue". The artist used transparent, cold tones. The whole picture is permeated with a feeling of freshness, purity.
I. Grabar: “All nature celebrated some kind of holiday - the holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on lilac snow.”
What unites different types art?
(Love of writers, poets and artists to native nature, admiring its charms).
Well, we must describe the winter nature in words and choose them correctly.
Let us recall the words of K. Paustovsky:
“If the writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he is writing about, then the reader will not see anything behind him either. But if the writer sees well what he writes about, then the simplest and sometimes erased words acquire novelty, evoke in him those thoughts, feelings, state that the writer wanted to convey to him.
1 group worked with the concept of text. (textbook Russian language grade 6, Baranova N.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A. and others. exercise 277)
(Text by Ivan Bunin)
This statement is a text, since a text is a combination of sentences related in meaning and with the help of linguistic means.
That is, all the signs of the text are saved here:
1. Offers are mutually related;
2. There is semantic completeness;
3. There is intonation completeness;
4. Divided into parts.
The second part is bright, joyful colors.
In the third part - a description of the forest and its colors in the morning. (The deep shadow of the clearing, the blue shadow of the sledge track, the green crowns of the pines, the golden sunlight).
We called the text of Ivan Bunin - "Bright colors winter forest».
The essay should have a title that reflects the topic.
2 group worked with the concept of types of speech.
1. Narration - the image of successive actions. It consists of the beginning, the development of the action, the culmination (the highest moment of the action), the denouement. Questions that can be put to the narrative text: What happened? How did events develop?
Parts of speech: verbs predominate.
2. Description - the image of simultaneous signs of an object or phenomenon. Comprises:
1. General idea of the subject;
2. Descriptions of details, parts;
Object of description: nature, man, animal, room.
Questions - what is the subject?
Parts of speech - adjectives predominate.
3. Reasoning is a type of speech that sets out the causes of phenomena or events, their interconnection. Comprises:
1. Thesis (a thought that needs to be proved);
2. Arguments (evidence), examples;
3. Conclusions.
Questions that can be asked for reasoning: why?
The speech type of this text is a description of a winter forest. The main idea is how bushes, stumps, branches look in a snowy forest. There are many adjectives in the text (a miserable bush, a tiny clearing, funny faces), comparisons (a bush that looks like a broom, brushwood looks like lace, spruce branches like paws).
3 group worked with the concept of style of speech.
Conversational style; communication function, used in conversations, dialogues.
Features: ease, emotionality.
Colloquialisms, dialectisms are used.
scientific style; function-message, used in textbooks, scientific papers.
Features: accuracy, clarity.
Official business: function-message, used in documents, statements, regulations, laws.
Features: formality, accuracy.
journalistic; function-impact, used in newspaper or magazine articles, speeches.
Style fiction; function-emotionality;
It is used - in stories, novels, poems, poems.
Features: figurative and expressive means are used (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications)
The text is a description of winter in a scientific style.
Winter is one of the four seasons.
The coldest time after autumn and before spring. (From the dictionaries: The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Ozhegov and Shvedova and the Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by V.I. Dahl)
The text is a conversational description of winter.
Went outside in the morning. Frost! Oh, and refrigeration! Oh! I'm running into the heat (Collusions, nouns with evaluative suffixes.)
In what style will you create your text?
So, we will learn how to create a text: a description of nature in an artistic style (that is, use various visual and expressive means).
Exercise.
Determine the season by its properties: long-awaited, magical, wonderful, dazzling, bewitching (winter).
With the help of what words will we highlight the qualities, signs of objects and phenomena? (epithets)
An epithet is an artistic, expressive definition.
Epithets convey sounds, meaning, color, mood, impression.
An epithet is an adjective in a figurative sense.
Exercise.
Let's see if each definition is an epithet. Each group works with two phrases, draws conclusions.
1. First group.
Stone building, stone face. (A building built of stone is a face that does not express any emotions (nothing), frozen).
Epithet: stone face, as in this case in a figurative sense, the word stone is used in this expression. We think that the author uses this epithet to show something remarkable in a person's face, to create his image.
2.Second group
Golden ring- golden fire (A golden ring is a ring made of a precious stone-gold. The word is used in its literal sense. Golden fire is beautiful, brilliant, sparkling, similar to gold. The adjective is used figuratively.)
3.Third group
Deep lake- magic lake (Deep lake - the adjective denotes the size in depth, has a direct meaning, is a simple designation). (Magic lake - the epithet means: the lake is charming, captivating, the author uses it to create an image, here the author's attitude to the lake is conveyed: admiration, admiration, joyful mood).
Outcome
Thus, the epithet not only highlights the properties, features of the subject, but also creates an image, conveys the attitude of the author, that is, it is a figurative and expressive means (linguistic).
Exercise: Write out epithets from poems, prose text, show their role.
First group:
K. Balmont: "Snowflake": description of a snowflake using epithets:
Light fluffy,
snowflake white,
What a pure
How brave!
Dear stormy
Easy to carry
Not in the sky azure,
Asking for the ground.
Azure miraculous
She left
Myself into the unknown
The country has fallen.
In the rays of shining
Slides, skillful,
Among the melting flakes
Preserved white.
Under the blowing wind
Trembling, uplifting,
On him, cherishing,
Light swings.
his swing
She is comforted
With his blizzards
Spinning wildly.
But here it ends
The road is long
touches the earth,
Crystal star.
lies fluffy,
Snowflake is bold.
What pure, What white!
The epithets of K. Balmont give the description of a snowflake musicality, draw the image of a snowflake, convey the author's admiration, admiration, feelings - joy, surprise, charm.
Question: What mood do we get? (fabulous, light)
Second group
Nikolai Brown's poem:
Is it snow flying from the heights
To forests, fields and thickets,
Is he like dead chalk,
Only white, white, white?
All needle-like from the frost,
At dawn it is soft pink,
He is far away, in the shadows, in the valley
Blue and even blue!
Snow is described using epithets: needle snow, pale pink snow, blue snow, blue snow.
The first epithet denotes the similarity of snow with needles in shape, the epithets pale pink, blue, blue are color epithets that show the richness of the colors of winter snow, paint a picture of winter nature in words, make it possible to feel the colorful, multi-colored nature of Russian nature.
There is a mood of surprise, solemn and beautiful.
Third group
Ivan Shmelev "Summer of the Lord"
“What a beauty! The first star, and then another ... There are more and more stars. And what stars! Mustachioed, alive, fighting, pricking the eye. There is frost in the air, through it the stars are larger, shining with different lights - blue, crystal, blue and green ...
Freezing! The snow is blue, strong, squeaks thinly. On the street - snowdrifts, mountains. And the air is blue, silvered with dust, smoky, starry.
Snow is blue and hard.
The air is smoky, starry.
The epithets are mostly color, convey the elegance of winter nature, create a sense of celebration.
Language means are distinguished by their expressive power in conveying thoughts and feelings, they convey excitement, colorfulness, emotionality - all this allows you to visualize the picture vividly and vividly.
Collective planning.
1. Winter has come.
2. Snow, trees, forest, sky, sun, air, patterns - a winter picture.
3. Winter mood (festive, cheerful, cheerful, cheerful, warm)
What main images will help you draw a verbal winter landscape?
Air - quiet, transparent, frosty, silvery.
Forest - silent, bewitched.
Winter - fabulous, magical, formidable, cruel, amazing, wonderful, magical, sorceress, sorceress.
Snow - shiny, New Year's, fabulous, fluffy, silvery.
Reflection.
We live close to nature, which soothes, pleases, exalts the soul.
Nature is a source of mysteries and secrets, but they are revealed only to a keen eye and a sensitive heart. Today you all were just like that, stay the same, and then you will discover all the riches of Russian nature that can be expressed with the help of words.
Questions:
1. What have we learned?
2. What is this knowledge useful for?
3. Have we reached the goal?
4. What difficulties have arisen?
Among the many feelings, select 1-2 (delight, joy, surprise)
Applications for the lesson.
Group rules.
1. Listen to your partner carefully.
2. Ask and clarify to be sure that you understood him correctly.
3. Highlight positive responses first.
4. When in difficulty, ask for help from a partner, helping yourself if you are asked.
5. Remember: together you will do much more than either individually.
The following educational technologies were used in the lesson:
Differentiated learning technologies that allowed the teacher to take into account individually - the psychological characteristics of children by area of interest, by level of achievement (mental development), by personality types (type of thinking, character, temperament).
This was facilitated by the division of children for group work, differentiated tasks (according to the level of complexity) for each of the groups;
Technology of cooperation, which helped to ensure the joint activities of the teacher and students on the basis of mutual understanding, democratization (work in groups to complete tasks on the text, speech styles);
The technology for the development of critical thinking, which enabled students not only to perceive information meaningfully, but also to analyze it, highlight the main and secondary, draw conclusions (comparative tasks for identifying epithets and definitions).
Research technology - search, identification of problems that ensured the mental activity of students, developed independence (for example, assignments to identify problems and lesson goals);
Game technologies. An entertaining game was used in the lesson: find out the subject by the attribute - determine the season by the adjective.
