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Presentation on the theme of protected areas of the Crimea. Open ecological lesson “Specially protected natural territories of Crimea. Type of lesson: discovering new knowledge, gaining new skills
- 1. Crimean natural reserve Geographical position. The purpose and history of the creation of the reserve. Research work. Flora and fauna. The work was done by the 11th grade student Rybalchenko Alla
- 2. Geographical position of the reserve The Crimean reserve is one of the oldest in the Crimea and Ukraine. The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, a branch of the reserve is located in the west of the Crimean steppe zone and occupies part of the Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea. The area of the mountainous part Crimean Reserve It is formed from sections of the mountains of the Main Ridge, a basin between the mountains and the slopes of the Inner Ridge of the Crimean Mountains.
- Here are the highest mountain ranges of Crimea - Yalta Yayla, Gurzufskaya Yayla, Babugan-Yayla, Chatyr-Dag-Yayla. A large amount of precipitation and dense forest cover have led to the fact that many Crimean rivers originate in the central part of the reserve - Alma, Kacha, Tevelchuk, Kosse, Marta, Ulu-Uzen, Avunda, Derekoika, Donga. There are about 300 mountain springs and springs, among which the most famous Saylukh-Su, due to its healing, with silver ions, water
- 4. Limestone rocks, which make up most of the rocks in the territory of the reserve, have led to the wide distribution of karst landforms: cavities, wells, grottoes, mines and caves. The general relief of the main part of the reserve is distinguished by significant elevation changes, ruggedness and heterogeneity.
- 5. The purpose and history of the creation of the reserve The Crimean reserve was organized in 1928. It occupies 33397 hectares. in the central part of the Main Crimean ridge. More than 1200 species of plants (almost half of the entire flora of Crimea) grow in the protected area, over 200 species of vertebrates live (half of those found in Crimea).
- 6. Great scientific and cultural and educational significance of the reserve. On the periphery of the protected area, several recreational sections of ecological trails have been created, where tourists in organized groups, without harming nature, get acquainted with its riches.
- 7. On Chatyrdag, the most beautiful cave "Marble" is equipped for mass visits. Off the northwestern coast of Crimea there is a branch of the reserve - the Lebezhy Islands. One of the largest concentrations of waterfowl in Eastern Europe is located here: more than 230 species, of which 18 species are listed in the Red Book.
- 8. Up to 5,000 swans flock to molt from the south every year, and the colony of gulled polar cod numbers more than 30,000 individuals. During the summer season, seagulls destroy almost 2 million ground squirrels and up to 8 million mice - pests of the fields. In Alushta, under the management of the Crimean Reserve, a Museum of Nature and an arboretum were created, where you can get acquainted with the natural resources of mountain forests.
- 9. Flora and fauna The Crimean nature reserve is rich in vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here, of which 29 are included in the European Red List (Crimean eremut, Crimean cotoneaster, Sobolev Siberian, Dzevanovsky thyme, purple and red-headed lagozeris, tripartite prangos), and another 9 species are protected by the Bren Convention. Of particular value is oak, beech and hornbeam forests, which play an important role in water protection and soil protection.
- 10. 100 species of plants and mushrooms growing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The largest population in the Crimea of the Crimean subspecies of red deer lives in the reserve. The Crimean roe deer, moufflon, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals live in the lions. From small mammals often found hedgehog. The red fox is ubiquitous (sometimes there are silver-brown specimens). Badgers and weasels live in the forests.
imperial hunts. At that time, a huntsman service was organized for the royal hunting reserve, and on Mount Bolshaya Chuchel, forest areas were allocated for demonstrating animals brought to the Crimea - Caucasian deer, Dagestan turs and bezoar goats, Corsican mouflons, bison. With coming Soviet power in the Crimea, in 1923, on the site of the royal reserve, a reserve was created with an area of \u200b\u200babout 23 thousand hectares, a weather station appeared here, a laboratory in which scientists conduct their research. During the Great patriotic war the reserve was badly damaged by fires, bison were completely destroyed and almost the entire population of deer, roe deer and other large animals died. In 1957, the reserve was turned into the Crimean State Protected Game Reserve. During the time of the Soviet leaders N. S. Khrushchev and L. I. Brezhnev, the former reserve turned into a hunting ground for high-ranking officials not only from the USSR, but also from other countries. The status of the reserve was returned to this territory only in June 1991 by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. It is currently one of the largest, most interesting and important environmental institutions in Russia.
Topic. "Specially Protected natural areas(SPNT) of the Republic of Crimea»
Grade : 9
Lesson topic: " PAs of the Republic of Crimea". (slide 1.)
Lesson type: travel lesson.
Setting a goal by students (slide 2.)
Target :
- Educational: the formation of ideas about specially protected natural areas of the Republic of Crimea.
- Educational: fostering love for the native land and a sense of pride in the Republic of Crimea, respect for nature.
Tasks:
To form an idea about protected areas and their main categories;
To cultivate a caring attitude towards nature, the Motherland as a whole.
Planned results:
Subject: knowledge of the basic concepts, their differences among themselves, protected areas of the Republic of Crimea;
Personal: the development of curiosity and a sense of patriotism.
Methods: verbal, visual, practical.
Equipment and materials:multimedia projector, handouts (map of the Republic of Crimea).
Basic concepts studied in the lesson:Specially protected natural areas: state nature reserves, state nature reserves, natural monuments, reserved tracts, landscape and recreational 2 parks, natural parks, parks-monuments of landscape art, zoological parks, botanical gardens and dendrological parks.
During the classes
I. Organizing time.
All mankind has a common home - the Earth. It's not as big as we think. And if we do not use the natural resources of our planet rationally and prudently, then humanity simply will not have a future.
Problems rational use natural resources are closely connected with the problems of protection and transformation of nature.
The epigraph of the lesson is the words of A. Griboyedov.“Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps the secrets of millennia ...” (slide 3.)
2017 in Russian Federation declared the Year of Ecology(slide 4), it is held in order to attract public attention to the issues of conservation of objects natural heritage and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the creation in Russia of the first state nature reserve in 2017(Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve).
The homeland for us in the broad sense of the word is Russia, but each of us has a small homeland, and for us it is the Republic of Crimea.(slide 5.)
In today's lesson, we will travel through the unique regions of the Republic of Crimea. These are specially protected natural areas. They are designed to preserve natural complexes, rare species of animals and plants.
II. Learning new material.
To travel along our route, you need to know the basic concept of what are specially protected natural areas?
During the lesson, students' answers, identifying the most active.
What is an OOPT? (slide 6.)
Specially protected natural areas- areas of land, water surface and air space above them, where they are located natural complexes and objects that have a special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance, seized by decisions of the authorities state power fully or partially from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established.
The main objectives of specially protected natural areas:
Preservation of unique natural landscapes;
Protection of endangered species of plants and animals;
Providing ecological conditions for their existence;
Protection and protection of natural areas visited by tourists.
On the territory of the Republic of Crimeathere are 196 objects (slide 7.)natural reserve fund of different categories with a total area of 220 thousand hectares, which is 8.4% of the total area of Crimea.What is the area of Crimea? 27 thousand sq. km
Today, specially protected territories of the Republic of Crimea are represented by:
State natural reserves;
landscape and recreational parks;
natural parks;
State natural reserves;
monuments of nature;
Reserved tracts;
Parks - monuments of gardening art;
zoological parks;
Botanical gardens and dendrological parks
Work in pairs. Identify types (slide 8.)
Pictures of species (slide 9-13)
Nature reserves -These are specially protected territories (water areas) excluded from any economic activity for the sake of preserving intact natural complexes, as well as individual species of plants and animals.
Reserved tracts- forest, steppe, and other isolated unique integral landscapes. Any activity that violates natural processes is also prohibited on their territory.
Reserves - these are protected areas with a less strict regime. They allow those types of economic activity that do not harm protected objects. They can be botanical, zoological, hydrological, and others.
natural parks combine the tasks of nature conservation and limited use. They are open for educational tourism and short-term recreation of citizens.
In the territories landscape and recreational parksa differentiated protection regime is established: a protected area, a recreation area, an economic zone.
Parks monuments of landscape gardening artvaluable samples of park construction are announced. Excursions and mass recreation of the population are provided on their territory, plantings are cared for.
Monuments of nature -sightseeing natural objects to be protected (rocks, caves, trees, etc.).
Zoological parks -institutions for keeping animals in captivity for the purpose of their demonstration, conservation, reproduction and study, including scientific.
botanical gardens- territories where collections of living plants from different parts of the world and different climatic zones are cultivated, studied and demonstrated for research, educational and educational purposes.
dendrological park 3 - the area allocated for cultivation in open field woody plants (trees, shrubs, lianas) placed according to systematic, geographical, decorative and other features.
Work in pairs
1. Define protected area put in a number
Territory name | Territory name | ||
zoological parks | Reserves | ||
Monuments of nature | nature reserves | ||
Landscape and recreational parks | Dendrological parks | ||
natural parks | Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art | ||
Reserved tracts | botanical gardens |
Self-esteem 10-9 “5; 8-6- "4"; 5- "3"
2. Fill in the table
No. p / p | Name | Geographical position | Year of foundation | Are under protection |
Crimean | The central part of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains from Yalta to Alushta | 1913 | Vegetation, trees, swans |
|
Yalta | Forest zone of the South Coast | 1973 | Endemic and relict plants |
|
Karadag | 35 km southwest of Feodosiya | 1979 | flora, fauna |
|
Opuksky | Kerch Peninsula | 1998 | steppe vegetation |
|
Kazantip | Kerch Peninsula | 1998 | steppe vegetation |
On the map of the Republic of Crimea (handout) during the lesson, each student enters the name of the protected area of the Republic of Crimea.
On the territory of the Republic of Crimea there are the followingstate natural reserves: (sweet 14.)Crimean nature reserve, Yalta mountain and forest nature reserve, Karadag nature reserve, Opuksky nature reserve, Kazantip nature reserve (slide 5).
One of the oldest reserves in Crimea is the Crimean Natural Reserve, founded in 1913. The largest reserve of the Crimea with an area of 88.6 hectares. The reserve includes 5 forest areas and the Razdolnensky ornithological branch "Lebyazhy Islands".List (slide 15-20.)
Yalta nature reservefounded in 1973,
Karadag nature reservefounded in 1979,
Kazantip Nature Reservefounded in 1998
Opuksky nature reserves in 1998.
Crimean nature reserve (slide 21)rich in vegetation. More than 1200 species of plants grow here (half of the Crimean flora). The largest population in the Crimea of the Crimean subspecies of red deer lives in the reserve. In addition, roe deer and wild boar are found in the forests of the reserve. Often there is a hedgehog, a red fox.
The slopes of the Crimean mountains are covered with oak, beech, pine forests, the peaks are occupied by mountain-meadow steppes. Many of the most important rivers of Crimea originate in the reserved mountains: Alma, Kacha, Ulu-Uzen, Avunda, Derekoika and others (slide 6).
On the territory of the reserves are protected rare species flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea. Among them are endemic 4 Crimea: Bibirshtein's stem, Pallas' flax, Crimean backache.
Opuk Nature Reserve, why is it named like that? Legend.
After the reserves the Red Book (slide 21.)
Get to know othersspecially protected natural areasRepublic of Crimea.
1. Landscape and recreational park"Atlesh" (slide 22).
The park is located in the Chernomorsky region, on the Black Sea coast. Atlesh represents numerous cozy backwaters, steep cliffs, deep caves and majestic stone arches, which were formed as a result of the action of the winds and the wayward sea.
No wonder the beauty of these places was filmed in many films, for example,
"Amphibian Man", "People and Dolphins", "Pirates of the 20th Century".
Trailer "Amphibian Man". Why filmed in the Crimea? On the Black, and not the Sea of Azov? (slide 23-24.)
On the territory, in addition to land routes, it is planned to create a marine ecological route, as well as equip the territory with recreation areas.
On the territory of the landscape and recreational park "Atlesh" there are the following representatives of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea: Tarkhankut onion, Dzevanovsky wormwood, sheep cornflower, Black Sea scallop.
What natural areas are protected in the Chernomorsky region? (slide 25.)
(slides 26-27)
2. Natural Park "White Rock"(slide 28-29).
The White Rock, or as it is also called Ak-Kaya, is one of the most beautiful places in Crimea. The mountain rises 325 meters above the valley. From the foot of the cliff, there is an amazing view of the mountain range in the south and the endless steppe expanses with ridges of ancient burial mounds in the north.
The White Rock is immortalized not only in numerous photographs, but also in films. It was here that the films "The Headless Horseman", "The Man from the Boulevard des Capucines", "The Leader of the Redskins", "Armed and Very Dangerous" were filmed.
On what natural area Crimea resemble the prairies of America? (slide 30)
Trailer "Headless Horseman" (slide 31.)
A hiking trail with a length of about 2.5 km is planned on the territory of the natural park.
3. Monument of nature"Mount Cat" (slide 32).
Mount Koshka is one of the brightest and most interesting landscape monuments of the Crimean coast. By its nature, it is a rejection from the main ridge of the Crimean mountains and gradually moved along the slope to the sea. The monument of nature is located near the village of Simeiz (Big Yalta) on an area of 50 hectares.
On the territory of the monument, it is planned to create hiking and equestrian ecological routes. Here under protection there are: Malvovidny crail, sheep cornflower, bearded oats.
Park monument landscape gardeningart "Forossky"
4. landscape park in the village of Foros. Founded in 1834. The area is 70 hectares, of which 30 are occupied by cultural plantations (lower and middle zones), and 40 are forest park (upper) zone. The central part of the park - "Paradise" is considered beautiful. There is a picturesque cascade of reservoirs here. The lower part of the park smoothly turns into the beach. At the bottom of the park there is a mass grave of soldiers Soviet army and the grave of Alexander Terletsky - Soviet partisan. In 1963, an obelisk was installed on it (slide 21).
Reserved tract "Yayla Chatyrdaga"(slide 34-35).
Yayla Chatyrdag is part of the Chatyr-Dag mountain range. On the Upper Plateau are the two highest points of the mountain: Cape Eklizi-Burun, rising to a height of 1527 meters and Cape Angar-Burun 1453 meters above sea level. These peaks are considered one of the most magnificent observation points of the mountainous Crimea.
The nature of the Yayla Chatyrdag tract is fertile. There are almost no shrubs on the upper plateau, with the exception of rare juniper bushes, but there is a huge variety of herbs. There are about 50 species of various herbs here and it seems that the air is simply saturated with their amazing aroma.
Yayla Chatyrdag ranks first among other Crimean yaylas in terms of the number of caves and karst funnels, there are more than 1000 of them. The tract of Yayla Chatyrdag has long been one of the favorite places for tourists. (slide 23).
Under protection are: May lily of the valley, white-bottomed belladonna, Cossack juniper, scabiosa hawkweed, Black Sea marigold (slide 24).
State natural reserve"Hapkalsky" (slide 36-37).
The specially protected natural area got its name thanks to Khapkhal gorge, adjoining in the southwest to Demerdzhi-yayla.
The reserve was founded in October 1974, the area is 250 hectares.
The forest of the Khapkhal gorge is represented by such tree species: hornbeam, beech, as well as oak, linden, mountain ash, hazel and dogwood, there are areas of a two-century forest where sessile oak and Crimean pine grow.
In the Khapkhal Gorge, the Ulu-Uzen East River forms a series of rapids andDzhur-Dzhur waterfall, 15 meters high. This is the most full-flowing waterfall of the Crimea. It does not dry out even in the driest time of the year. The water in the waterfall is cold even in summer (7 0 С) (slide 26).
After filling out the sheets, assessment by the teacher.
Endemics (slide 38-40)
Relics (slide 41-42)
Need protection (slide 43)
Black Sea. Magomayev "Blue eternity" (slide 44.)
Every year the school carries out the protection of the Black Sea. For what purpose? (slide 45)
A poem about the sea. (student for the competition "Protection of the Black Sea")
III. Summing up the lesson.
Protecting nature, protecting its wealth is the constitutional duty of every person.
Today you have consolidated and expanded your knowledge about specially protected natural areas as one of the areas of protection of the world natural heritage. Many of you worked actively at the lesson today and helped both your classmates in studying the topic and me in conducting the lesson.
The pace of centuries... Years, decades, centuries make up an inextricable chain of epochs, embodied in the works of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Protection of cultural heritage, ecological habitat has become one of the most important tasks. Crimea should turn into a cultural, historical and natural reserve.
Crimean people love their land very much. Wherever a Crimean person is, he will certainly say: better than Crimea no land. This is the land of our Crimea.(slide 46.)
Consolidation. Questions (slide 47)
At home, you are invited to think about another problematic issue. Environmental scientists argue that for the full protection of nature on Earth, at least one third of the entire land surface must be declared specially protected. natural objects. How can this affect the development of the global economy and the decision global problems humanity?
Prepare a report on the endemics of the Chernomorsky region.
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Slides captions:
The topic of the lesson is “Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Republic of Crimea” (PAs)
The main goals of specially protected natural areas are: - preservation of unique natural landscapes; - protection of endangered species of plants and animals; - provision of ecological conditions for their existence; - protection and protection of natural areas visited by tourists.
Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps the secrets of millennia.. A.Griboyedov
2017 is declared the year of ecology in the Russian Federation
Small Motherland for us - the Republic of Crimea
PAs are plots of land, water surface and air space above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have a special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance, which are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in whole or in part from economic use and for which the regime of special protection is established"
On the territory of the Republic of Crimea, there are 196 objects of the natural reserve fund of different categories with a total area of 220 thousand hectares, which is 8.4% of the total area of Crimea. Today, specially protected territories of the Republic of Crimea are represented by: - State natural reserves; - landscape and recreational parks; - natural parks; - state nature reserves; - monuments of nature; - reserved tracts; - parks - monuments of landscape gardening art; - zoological parks; - botanical gardens and dendrological parks
Nature reserves Reserved tracts Reserves Natural parks Landscape and recreational parks Parks-monuments of landscape art Natural monuments Zoological parks Botanical gardens Dendrological parks Identify types of specially protected areas.
1. Botanical gardens 2. Monument parks of landscape art
3. Dendrological parks 4. Natural reserves.
5. Reserves 6. Protected areas
7. Natural parks 8. Landscape and recreational zones
9. Natural monuments 10. Zoological parks
The following state nature reserves are located on the territory of the Republic of Crimea: Crimean Nature Reserve, Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reserve, Karadag Nature Reserve, Opuk Nature Reserve, Kazantip Nature Reserve Cape Martyan Reserve. Apply to contour map
The Crimean nature reserve was founded in 1913. The reserve includes 5 forest areas and the Razdolnensky ornithological branch "Lebyazhy Islands". Ornithological Reserve "Lebyazhy Islands" is of international importance
The formation of the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve took place in 1973. Many plants that are part of the unique sub-Mediterranean undergrowth, as well as tall pine, oak and beech forests, were taken under state protection.
Between Feodosia and Sudak, the ancient volcanic massif Kara-Dag rose above the sea. The age of Kara-Dag is determined at 150 million years, the oldest volcanic massif of the Jurassic period, a pantry of various minerals. Karadag
On the Black Sea coast Kerch Peninsula on Cape Opuk stands the mountain of the same name - a bright attraction in these desert places. In 1998, the Opuk Nature Reserve was created. Under the protection of the state, on an area of more than 1.5 thousand hectares, there are endless steppes and their "population". Why is it so named?
Insignificant foreigners, we gave you shelter, and you are arrogant! He turned to the citizens and asked what punishment they would like to inflict on the queens. Do whatever you want, - answered the people, - we ask only to save us from such power. Do you hear the voice of the people? It is the insignificant buzzing of mosquitoes, the women answered. -Hey, warriors, show them our severity! Don’t you dare move!” shouted the beggar. “Otherwise, you will perish from one movement of my hand. Having said this, he raised his hand to the sky and said: I conjure you this very minute to turn into birds, the touch of which would be unpleasant for a person. Your throne will turn into a rock with nests of birds! Legend. Mountain of two hoopoes - Opuk
Kazantip Cape Kazantip is located in the northern part of the Kerch Peninsula, which since 1998 has had the status of a reserve. Cape is an ancient fossil reef, it is composed of bryozoan limestones.
On the territory of the reserves, rare species of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea are protected. Among them are Crimean endemics: Bibirshtein's sapling, Pallas' flax, Crimean backache Why is the Red Book being created?
Landscape and recreational park "Atlesh". P represents numerous cozy backwaters, steep cliffs, deep caves and majestic stone arches, which were formed as a result of the action of the winds and the wayward sea. Films were shot: "Amphibian Man", "People and Dolphins", "Pirates of the 20th Century" and others.
Why was the film shot in Crimea? On the Black, and not the Sea of Azov? 1961 "Lenfilm". The action takes place in one of the Latin American countries
What protected areas are there in the Chernomorsky region besides Atlesh?
Dzhangulskoe landslide coast
Kalos Limen is the oldest and most significant archaeological site in the North-Western Crimea, being at a great distance from other ancient cities of the peninsula. It was located in a convenient harbor, which was the same in the location of all Greek settlements, which gave them a lot of advantages, and the specified settlement was also given the name - Beautiful Harbor, which is fully consistent with reality.
Natural Park "White Rock"
Natural Park "White Rock" or as it is also called Ak-Kaya is one of the most beautiful places in Crimea. The mountain rises 325 meters above the valley. From the foot of the cliff, there is an amazing view of the mountain range in the south and the endless steppe expanses with ridges of ancient burial mounds in the north. The White Rock is immortalized not only in numerous photographs, but also in films. It was here that the films "The Headless Horseman", "The Man from the Boulevard des Capucines", "The Leader of the Redskins", "Armed and Very Dangerous" were filmed.
The Headless Horseman is set in Texas in 1850. USSR production "Lenfilm", 1973. What natural zone of Crimea resembles the prairies of America?
Mount Koshka is one of the brightest and most interesting landscape monuments of the Crimean coast. By its nature, it is a rejection from the main ridge of the Crimean mountains and gradually moved along the slope to the sea. The monument of nature is located near the village of Simeiz (Big Yalta) on an area of 50 hectares. Here under protection there are: Malvovidny crail, sheep cornflower, bearded oats.
The park is a monument of gardening art "Forossky" Landscape park in the village of Foros. Founded in 1834. The central part of the park - "Paradise" is considered beautiful. There is a picturesque cascade of reservoirs here.
Yayla Chatyrdaga
Yayla Chatyrdag is part of the Chatyr-Dag mountain range. On the Upper Plateau are the two highest points of the mountain: Cape Eklizi-Burun, rising to a height of 1527 meters and Cape Angar-Burun 1453 meters above sea level. These peaks are considered one of the most magnificent observation points of the mountainous Crimea. There are about 50 species of various herbs found here. Yayla Chatyrdag ranks first among other Crimean yaylas in terms of the number of caves and karst funnels, there are more than 1000 of them. The tract "Yayla Chatyrdaga" has long been one of the favorite places for tourists. Under protection are: May lily of the valley, white-bottomed belladonna, Cossack juniper, scabiosa hawkweed, Black Sea marigold.
Reserve "Hapkalsky"
The specially protected natural area got its name thanks to the Khapkhal gorge, which adjoins Demerdzhi-yayla in the south-west. The reserve was founded in October 1974, the area is 250 hectares. The forest of the gorge with tree species: hornbeam, beech, as well as oak, linden, mountain ash, hazel and dogwood, there are areas of a two-century forest where sessile oak and Crimean pine grow. In the Khapkhal gorge, the Ulu-Uzen East river forms a series of rapids and the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall, 15 meters high. This is the most full-flowing waterfall of the Crimea. It does not dry out even in the driest time of the year. The water in the waterfall is cold even in summer (7 0 C)
What are endemics?
What are relics?
Today, the Black Sea ecology is in a state of crisis. The influence of negative natural and anthropogenic factors inevitably leads to changes in the ecosystem. Basically, the water area suffered the same problems as other seas.
The pace of centuries... Years, decades, centuries make up an inextricable chain of epochs, embodied in the works of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Protection of cultural heritage, ecological habitat has become one of the most important tasks. Crimea should turn into a cultural, historical and natural reserve. Crimean people love their land very much. Wherever a Crimean person is, he will certainly say: there is no land better than Crimea. This is the land of our Crimea.
QUESTIONS 1. What is a protected area? 2. List the state natural reserves. 3. What is the difference between a natural monument and a natural park? 4. About what reserve is the legend "Mountain of two hoopoes"? 5. Protected areas of the Chernomorsky region? 6. What films were shot in Crimea? 7. Endemics of the Crimea? 8. What are relics?
Crimean Nature ReserveCrimean Nature Reserve - the largest reserve
Crimea, one of the oldest in the Crimea. Located in the city of Alushta.
The beginning of the conservation of the territory that is now part of it,
the creation in 1913 of the "Reserve of imperial hunting" is considered.
In 1957 the reserve was
turned into Crimean
state reserve hunting economy.
The status of the reserve was
returned to this territory
only in June 1991
years by the decision of the Council
Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. Branch
Reserve "Lebyazhy"
islands" was created in 1949
year. In 2014 the reserve
was transferred under
observation of the UDP RF.
The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, a branch
The reserve is located in the west of the Crimean steppe zone and occupies part of
water area of the Karkinitsky Gulf of the Black Sea.
Here are the highest mountain ranges of Crimea - Yalta Yayla, Gurzufskaya
yayla, Babugan-yayla, Chatyr-Dag-yayla with peaks: Roman-Kosh (1545 m), Bolshaya Chuchel
(1387 m), Chernaya (1311 m). In the central part of the reserve originate many
Crimean rivers - Alma, Kacha, Tavelchuk, Kosse, Marta, UluUzen, Avunda, Derekoika, Donga. There are about 300 mountain springs and
springs, among which the most famous is Savlukh-Su, due to its healing,
silver ions, water. The Crimean Reserve is rich in vegetation. Here grows more
1200 plant species of which 29 are on the European Red List
(Crimean eremur, Crimean cotoneaster, Sobolevsky
Siberian, Dzevanovsky thyme, purple and red-headed lagozeris, prangos
tripartite), and another 9 species are protected by the Berne Convention. 100 kinds
plants and mushrooms growing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia. To
they include leafless chin, large astrantia, white flower
summer, larkspur Pallas, etc. The rivers and ponds of the reserve are inhabited by 6
fish species such as brook trout,
Crimean endemic barbel, chub.
Least represented in
amphibians in the reserve - there are only 4 of them
species: green toad, tree frog
and lake and crested newt. Birds are the most visible and commonly seen vertebrates. Total in
In the reserve in the mountain-forest part, 160 species of birds were recorded in all seasons of the year.
Red book birds nest here: short-toed eagle, black stork, imperial eagle, black
vulture, griffon vulture, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, spotted rock thrush. Among nesting common species -
spotted woodpecker, black-headed warbler, warbler, robin, blackbird, Muscovite,
finch, the most numerous bird
Crimean forests, and many others. AT
pine forests nest redheads and
yellow-headed beetles - the smallest
birds of Europe, siskins and common
crossbills. On the yayla - field larks,
quail, variegated rock thrush, most
cautious, mysterious and beautiful bird
reserve, one of the best singers. The largest population of the Crimean deer subspecies in the Crimea lives in the reserve
noble. In addition, in the forests of the reserve there are roe deer,
wild boar, mouflon. Of the small mammals, the hedgehog is often found.
The red fox is ubiquitous (sometimes there are silver-brown
instances). Badgers and weasels live in the forests. The reserve maintains the number of wild animals for
optimal level, ensuring the ecological balance of natural
environment. In addition to environmental protection, the Crimean Nature Reserve conducts
research work. According to the program "Chronicle of Nature"
natural processes in forests are studied, observations are made of
rare species of plants and animals, human impact is analyzed
on the environment.
Another function of the reserve is
educational work. When driving
reserve in the city of Alushta created the Museum
nature and the arboretum with an aviary
keeping animals. sightseers
introduce typical and unique
mountain-forest natural complexes,
rare species of plants and animals. On the
the territory of the reserve for
organized visit
equipped recreation areas and three
ecological educational route.
List of sources of information:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymsky_prirodny_reserve
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SavlukhSu_(spring)
http://zapovednik-crimea.udprfcrimea.com/info/
http://aipetri.info/southern-coast of crimea/alusta/museum-of-nature of the crimean-reserve
Pictures:
https://go.mail.ru/search_images
