Under the protection of the UNESCO World Heritage: Lake Baikal (Russia). Baikal and the Baikal natural area Message about the World Heritage Site Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful and picturesque places not only in the Asian part of our country, but on the whole planet. This ancient lake (its age is approximately 25-35 million years), lying in a rift basin, is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia. It is the largest reservoir fresh water on Earth, 22% of all fresh, cleanest and most transparent water in the world and 85% of Russia are concentrated here. The volume of water is 23 thousand km 3 (these are the five Great Lakes in the United States taken together). In addition to the value of huge reserves of fresh water, which, due to its low mineralization (100 g/l), can be safely equated with distilled water, it should also be noted that Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and since 1996 has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Geographical position

Lake Baikal, which has the shape of a crescent elongated from southwest to northeast, is located almost in the very center of the Eurasian continent, in Central Asia, in the southern part of Eastern Siberia. The ancient rift basin of glacial origin, in which the lake basin is located, lies in the Baikal mountain region, surrounded by high peaks of mountain ranges and hills overgrown with dense forests (the border of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia in the Russian Federation).

Characteristics of Lake Baikal

The area of ​​the lake is 31.7 thousand km 2, this is the seventh place in the world after the Caspian Sea-lake, lakes Victoria, Taganika, Huron, Michigan, Upper or the area of ​​the countries of Belgium or the Netherlands. The lake is 636 km long, it is widest in the center (81 km), narrowest - near the delta of the Serenga River (27 km).

The average depth of the lake is 744.4 m higher than the maximum depths of many lakes in the world, its maximum depth, measured by Soviet scientists Kolotilo and Sulimov in 1983, was 1640 m, which made Baikal the deepest lake in the world.

The lake lies in a glacial rift basin, surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges and hills. The length of the coastline is 2 thousand km, the western coast is rocky and steep, the eastern coast is more gentle, the mountains are located tens of kilometers from the coast. The water area of ​​​​the lake has six bays (Barguzinsky, Chivyrkuisky, Proval, Posolsky, Cherkalov, Mukhor), two dozen bays (Listvennaya, Peschanaya, Aya, many closed shallow bays called sory. The only river flows out of the lake - the Angara, flows into more than 336 rivers and rivulets, among the large ones one can name the Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Snezhnaya, Kichera, etc.

Temperature regime of water

Water, due to its low mineralization, is distinguished by amazing purity, transparency (can be seen to a depth of 40 meters), oxygen saturation. In spring, the water is especially transparent and has a rich blue-blue color; in summer, as a result of the development of organic matter, the transparency decreases and the waters acquire a blue-green tint. The average annual temperature of the water surface is about +4°С, in summer the water is +16, +17°С, in the sors it reaches +22,+23°С.

Baikal is almost completely covered with ice (1-2 meters) from January to May (with the exception of a small area 15-20 km at the source of the Angara). One of amazing riddles lake Baikal is the appearance in winter period huge dark rings on the ice, which are visible only from a height. Presumably, they are formed as a result of the release of methane from the depths of the lake, and this contributes to the formation of huge steams with a diameter of hundreds of meters with a very thin layer of ice.

Winds on Baikal

The distinguishing features of Baikal's climate are its winds, they blow almost always, their maximum speed wind - 40 m/s. There are more than 30 names of the winds blowing there: north-western wind - mountain wind, north-eastern wind - barguzin, verkhovik), south-eastern - shelonnik, south-western - kultuk, sarma - wind blowing in the center of Baikal. They blow mainly along the coast, on which there are practically no places to hide from such a piercing and strong wind.

Nature of Lake Baikal

The flora and fauna of the lake is diverse and unique. Oxygenated water allows a large number of living organisms to live here, more than 2600 species and subspecies of aquatic inhabitants live here, most of them are endemic. More than 58 species of fish live in the water column, such as omul, grayling, whitefish, taimen, Baikal sturgeon, lenok, golomyanka (a unique fish consisting of 30% fat).

The coast is covered with more than 2,000 species of plants, about 2,000 species of birds nest here, a unique marine mammal lives here - the Baikal seal, in the mountainous part of the Baikal region - the most little deer in the world - musk deer.

(Olkhon - the largest island of Lake Baikal)

The northeastern coast of the lake is part of the protected area of ​​the Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, since 1996 Baikal has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Settlements and cities

Large cities located a few dozen kilometers from the lake are Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude (130 km east of the lake) and Severobaikalsk (in the northern part of the lake coast). From Irkutsk (70 km from Baikal), the closest to the oldest Baikal settlement at the headwaters of the Angara - Listvyanka, it is over three hundred years old. The tourist infrastructure is well developed here and there is the Lake Museum dedicated to the history of Baikal, its flora and fauna. Also in the village there is a nerpinarium, where they show an exciting water show with the participation of Baikal seals and the legendary Shaman-stone, a reserved rock at the source of the Angara, ancient shamanic rites were held here in ancient times.

Climate and seasons

(Clear water of Lake Baikal in summer)

Eastern Siberia lies in a temperate sharply continental climate zone However, the huge masses of water contained in Lake Baikal have a special effect on the climate of the coast and due to this, unusual microclimate conditions are formed with warm mild winters and cool summers. The water masses of the lake act as a huge natural stabilizer and make winters warmer and summers cooler than, for example, in the same Irkutsk, located at a short distance from the lake (70 km). The air temperature in summer can reach up to +35°C.

(Transparent ice on Lake Baikal in winter)

In winter, the waters of Lake Baikal are fettered by incredibly transparent and smooth ice. The temperature above the surface of the lake in the middle of winter is about -21°С, and on the coasts it is 5-10 degrees higher, on average -10°С - 17°С. Due to low evaporation cold water from the surface of the lake, clouds are very rarely formed here, so the area of ​​​​Lake Baikal is characterized by a high total duration of sunshine, cloudy and cloudy days are infrequent.

A World Natural Heritage Site along with other Russian sites: "Virgin Komi Forests", "Volcanoes of Kamchatka", "Golden Mountains of Altai", "Wrangel Island", etc.

The list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites includes areas of outstanding global natural resource values. In addition, the desire of the country in which this site is located is necessary to protect and preserve it.

Re-profiling the BPPM so that it ceases to be a source of pollution;

Reduce the discharge of pollutants into the Selenga;

Allocate additional funds to ensure the activities of nature reserves and national parks;

Provide and strengthen support scientific research and monitoring on the lake. .

Many of these issues, unfortunately, have not yet been resolved. However, it is impossible not to note a number of serious environmental measures that have been implemented to date.

Source: knowledge: textbook. allowance / N. S. Berkin, A. A. Makarov, O. T. Rusinek. - Irkutsk: Publishing house Irk. state university, 2009

- Natural World Heritage Site

December 5, 1996 by decision of the Committee world heritage UNESCO at its XX session, held in the Mexican city of Merida, the lake was included as a natural site in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The committee's decision notes: “The lake is a classic case of a World Heritage site that satisfies all four natural criteria. The lake is located in the central part of the site. The features of the lake, hidden to a greater extent from the eyes of water, are of the main value for science and protection. The lake is surrounded by mountain-taiga landscapes and specially protected natural areas, mostly preserved in their natural state and representing additional value.

The lake is a limnological wonder and an area with the following excellent qualities:

The geological rift system that gave rise to the lake formed during the Mesozoic period. The lake is the oldest and deepest lake on Earth. Various tectonic forces still continue their action, as evidenced by the outlets of thermal flows from the depths of the lake.

The evolution of aquatic organisms that has taken place during this long period has led to the formation of an exceptionally unique endemic fauna and flora. The lake is the "Galapagos Islands of Russia", is of exceptional value for the study of evolution.

The picturesque landscape around the Baikal basin with mountain ranges, boreal forests, tundra, lakes, islands and steppes provides an exceptionally beautiful environment for the lake. - the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth (20% of all world reserves), which additionally characterizes it as a unique phenomenon.

The lake is one of the most biodiverse lakes on Earth and is home to 1,340 animal species (745 endemic) and 570 plant species (150 endemic). In the forests surrounding the lake, there are 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book International Union Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and a complete composition of typical boreal species is presented.

Source: Volkov, S. Po y / Sergey Volkov. - M. : AST: AST Moscow, 2010. - 568 p.

Read in

Terms

1. Tourism (anthropogenic influence)
2. Assignment of the status of a World Natural Heritage Site
3. Adoption of the law on e. Ecological zoning of the bsky natural territory
4. Central ecological zone BPT
5. buffer ecological zone
6. Ecological zone of atmospheric influence
7. Creation of a network of specially protected natural areas
8. A set of other environmental measures

Other resources

1. Natural phenomenon a // Goldfarb S.I.
2. as a World Heritage Site // Karnyshev A.D.
3. Baikal // Geography and Natural resources, 1988. No. 2. - S. 31-39.
4. Grishchenko V.I., Ryabtsev B.V. To the 20th anniversary of the Pribaikalsky national park: results, main problems // Proceedings of the Pribaikalsky National Park. Issue. 2. - Irkutsk: Irkut Publishing House. state un-ta, 2007. - S.362-387.

Links

• Lake | Fund ”Natural Heritage Protection” //nhpfund.ru
• Russian National World Heritage Committee
• World Heritage Sites in the Russian Federation (English)
• World Heritage Sites in the Russian Federation (Russian)
• Greenpeace Russia Project "World Heritage"
• Russian natural objects included and prepared for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List
• Directory of links on World Heritage in Russia (eng.)

Notes

1. Ryashchenko S. V. Site of the world natural heritage "Lake" in the international and national dimensions // Volna. - 2007, No. 1 (45). – P. 40–43.

This is a world and Russian unique, the official status of which was confirmed when the lake-sea in 1996 was included in the list of monuments of the cultural and natural heritage of mankind. It is worth recalling that the Convention for the Protection of Such Objects was adopted on November 23, 1972 by the UNESCO General Conference taking place in Paris. The formation of the World Heritage List pursued a noble goal - the identification, study and protection of monuments, complexes, areas - creations of man or nature, of exceptional value from a historical, artistic, scientific, natural, archaeological or ethnographic point of view.

How do they get on the World Heritage List?

In order for a geographic area to be inscribed on the World Heritage List as a natural asset, it must meet at least one of the following criteria:

I. To be an extremely valuable example of one of the stages of the history of the Earth, including evidence of primitive life forms, significant geological processes currently taking place, participation in the evolution of the morphology of the territory, as well as important morphological characteristics;

II. Significant ecological and biological processes of evolution and development of terrestrial, coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as plant and animal communities, should take place on its territory;

III. Constitute natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic value;

Why Baikal?

It will be interesting for the reader to get acquainted with the content of the decision that was adopted by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee on December 5, 1996. “Lake Baikal is a classic case of a World Heritage site that meets all four natural criteria. The lake is located in the central part of the site. The features of the lake, hidden to a greater extent from the eyes of water, are of the main value for science and protection. The lake is surrounded by mountain-taiga landscapes and specially protected natural areas, mostly preserved in their natural state and representing additional value. Lake Baikal is a limnological wonder and an area with the following excellent qualities:

The geological rift system that gave rise to Lake Baikal was formed in the Mesozoic period. Lake Baikal is the oldest and deepest lake on Earth. Various tectonic forces still continue their action, as evidenced by the outlets of thermal flows from the depths of the lake.

The evolution of aquatic organisms that has taken place during this long period has led to the formation of an exceptionally unique endemic fauna and flora. Lake Baikal is the "Galapagos Islands of Russia", is of exceptional value for the study of evolution.

The picturesque landscape around the Baikal basin with mountain ranges, boreal forests, tundra, lakes, islands and steppes provides an exceptionally beautiful environment for Lake Baikal. Baikal is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth (20% of all world reserves), which additionally characterizes it as a unique phenomenon.

Lake Baikal is one of the most biodiverse lakes on Earth, with 1,340 animal species (745 endemic) and 570 plant species (150 endemic). In the forests surrounding the lake, there are 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and a complete composition of typical boreal species is presented.

One can at least briefly supplement those priorities and evidence of merit that distinguish the sacred sea in the world natural community.

The first place in antiquity among the fresh water bodies of the world: about 25 ~ 30 million years, while usually lakes exist for 10-15 thousand years.

The first place among the lakes of the world according to the official maximum depth mark is 1637 m (1640 meters according to the data obtained during the descent of the Mir 1 and 2 bathyscaphes in July 2009), with an “average” depth of 730 meters.

The first place among terrestrial reservoirs of the planet in terms of reserves of fresh high-quality water is 23.6 thousand cubic kilometers.

The first place in terms of the presence of endemic species in flora and fauna: out of more than 2000 species and varieties of Baikal animals and plants, from 30 to 60% in different environments habitats are recognized as endemic, i.e. existing only in this location.

The sixth place in size among the freshwater reservoirs of the earth: ahead are only the African lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and the three Great North American lakes (not counting the Aral and Caspian, which are often called seas).

And these priorities are not the only ones, but only large-scale ones, there are many other, more “small” ones, which we will talk about in this book.

Since Baikal is not only a natural, but also a cultural heritage, let us dwell on this aspect. According to global criteria, each cultural property submitted for inscription on the World Heritage List must:

be a masterpiece of human creative genius; or

show the importance of the process of transmission in time or cultural geographical area of ​​universal human values ​​in the field of culture, architecture, monumental art, urban planning or landscape design; or

be a unique or extremely important evidence of the existence or disappearance of some civilization or cultural tradition; or

be an outstanding example of an architectural or landscape ensemble that marks one of the periods in the history of human development; or

represent an outstanding example of human formation of a landscape or settlement characteristic of a certain culture, especially if this culture turned out to be defenseless in the face of irreversible historical changes; or

be associated directly or indirectly with events, traditions, ideas, beliefs or creative acts of outstanding world significance...

If we take into account the originality and uniqueness of the values, cults and rituals of the Buryats, Evenks, Tofalars, Soyots, Yakuts, Russian old-timers, primarily the Siberian Cossacks and the Old Believers - Semey, then we can confidently say that the socio-cultural community does not correspond to these standards .

Inclusion in the list of objects approved by the UNESCO Convention "On the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" poses the most serious tasks of cooperation between different peoples in the field of nature protection " sacred lake”, like any other “object” of the Convention.

Recall that in the preamble of this international document, adopted by the seventeenth session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Paris, November 6, 1972), the following aspects are especially emphasized:

Noting that cultural and natural heritage is increasingly threatened by destruction caused not only by traditional causes of damage, but also by the evolution of social and economic life, which aggravates them with even more dangerous harmful and destructive phenomena;

Whereas the damage or disappearance of any object of cultural or natural heritage constitutes a detrimental impoverishment of the heritage of all the peoples of the world;

Whereas the protection of this heritage at the national level is often insufficient because of the high costs it requires and the lack of economic, scientific and technical resources of the country in whose territory the property to be protected is located;

Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will help to promote progress and disseminate knowledge by ensuring the conservation and protection of the universal heritage of mankind, and by recommending to the peoples concerned the appropriate international conventions;

Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions in favor of cultural and natural values ​​testify to the importance that the preservation of unique and irreplaceable values ​​is for all peoples, regardless of which people they belong to;

Whereas certain cultural and natural heritage values ​​are of exceptional interest and should therefore be preserved as part of the world heritage of all mankind;

Whereas, due to the scale and seriousness of the new dangers that threaten them, all international community should participate in the protection of natural and cultural heritage by providing collective assistance, which, without replacing the activity of the interested state on whose territory the value is located, will effectively complement it;

Whereas, to this end, it is necessary to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system for the collective protection of objects of outstanding universal importance, organized on a permanent basis in accordance with modern scientific methods ...

Emphasizing the above aspects of the issue, the convention showed its significance and the prospects for decisions on saving and protecting not only human, but also natural world. The implementation on the scale of the Baikal region of many of the most serious tasks outlined by the Convention implies at least convergence, and best of all, integration of the positions and views of representatives of different peoples on the essence and interconnection of economic, spiritual and environmental problems. And in order to bring something closer, to connect, it is necessary to understand both general and particular issues of human interaction with environment practiced at both the national and international levels. And it is important to do this not only in relation to nature in general, but also in relation to its specific objects, in our case, to Baikal. People living on its shores, like no one else, need to understand that the world status of the Holy Sea is not so much honor and respect, but the daily responsibility of the owner and the burdensome duty of a caring son.

Application. Monuments of the cultural and historical heritage of mankind on the territory of Russia

The UNESCO World Heritage List in the Russian Federation includes 25 items (for 2012), which is 2.6% of the total (962 for 2012). 15 sites are listed under cultural criteria, with 6 of them recognized as masterpieces of human genius, and 10 sites are included under natural criteria, with 4 of them recognized as natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance (Criterion VII). In addition, as of 2012, 26 sites in Russia are among the candidates for inclusion in the World Heritage List. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, of which Russia is the successor, ratified the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on October 12, 1988. The first objects located on the territory were listed in 1990 at the 14th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

Cultural Criteria

I. The object is a masterpiece of human creative genius.

II. The object testifies to the significant mutual influence of human values ​​in a given period of time or in a particular cultural space, in architecture or technology, in monumental art, in city planning or landscape design.

III. The object is unique or at least exceptional for a cultural tradition or civilization that still exists or has already disappeared.

IV. The property is an outstanding example of a structure, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape that illustrates a significant period in human history.

V. The site is an outstanding example of a traditional human structure, with traditional use of the land or sea, exemplifying culture (or cultures) or human interaction with the environment, especially if it becomes vulnerable due to the strong influence of irreversible changes.

VI. The object is directly or materially connected with events or existing traditions, with ideas, beliefs, with artistic or literary works and is of exceptional world importance. (In the opinion of the UNESCO committee, this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with another criterion or criteria).

natural criteria

VII. The object is natural phenomenon or a space of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance.

VIII. The object is an outstanding example of the main stages of the history of the earth, including a monument of the past, a symbol of ongoing geological processes in the development of the relief, or a symbol of geomorphic or physiographic features.

IX. The site is an outstanding example of ongoing ecological or biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems and plant and animal communities.

V. The property includes the most important or significant natural environment habitat for conservation biodiversity, including endangered species of exceptional world value in terms of science and protection.

Area: 8.8 million hectares

Criteria: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Status: inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1996

Constituent objects:
The Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory, which includes the Federal State Institution "Reserved Baikal Region" (Pribaikalsky national park and Baikal-Lena State nature reserve) (664050, Irkutsk, Baikalskaya st., 291b), Federal State Institution "Reserved Podlemorie" (Zabaikalsky National Park, Barguzinsky State Natural biosphere reserve and the Frolikhinsky federal reserve (671623, Republic of Buryatia, Ust-Barguzin settlement, Lenina st., 7), the Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve and the Kabansky federal reserve (167220, Republic of Buryatia, Kabansky district, Tankhoi settlement , Krasnogvardeiskaya St., 34), Tunkinsky National Park (partially) (671010, Republic of Buryatia, Tunkinsky District, village of Kyren, Lenin St., 69), regional reserves "Snezhinsky", "Kochergatsky", "Verkhne-Angarsky", "Pribaikalsky", "Enkheluksky".

A lake of superlatives - this is what they call "Sacred Baikal". It covers an area of ​​3.15 million hectares and is recognized as the oldest (25 million years) and deepest (about 1700 m) lake on the planet. Baikal preserves approximately 20% of the world's fresh water reserves in pristine purity.

It is called the most important center of speciation - "laboratory of biodiversity". For many millions of years, its closed ecosystem formed a unique "biosphere", the study of which provides the knowledge necessary to understand the evolution of life on Earth.

The Baikal depression is the central link of the Baikal rift zone, one of the largest ancient fault systems on Earth. It is still active - the shores of Lake Baikal diverge at a speed of up to 2 cm per year.

The lake with the ridges surrounding it is the most important natural frontier of Siberia. Here the boundaries of various floristic and faunal complexes converge and unique biogeocenoses are presented.

One of the richest and most unusual freshwater fauna in the world has formed in the Baikal depression. Of the more than 2,630 species and subspecies of animals and plants found so far in the lake, more than 80% are found nowhere else in the world.

Who has not heard of the famous Baikal omul or Baikal sturgeon? Two unique species of viviparous fish, representatives of a family endemic to Lake Baikal - the big and small golomyanka - are known to ichthyologists all over the world. The pyramid of the lake ecosystem is crowned by a mammal of typically marine origin - the Baikal seal.

Lake Baikal with its basin is a unique and very fragile natural ecosystem that provides the natural process of formation of waters, famous throughout the world for its transparency and purity. There are few places left on Earth where you can drink water, just scooping it up from the shore. The transparency of this water reaches 40 meters.

For Siberia, the climate of the Baikal coasts is relatively mild, and the amount sunny days per year in some places higher than in many Black Sea resorts.

Baikal is a World Natural Heritage Site. In 2016, it will already be 20 years since Lake Baikal was included in the World Natural Heritage List. This happened on December 5, 1996 by decision of the 20th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, held in the Mexican city of Merida. Russia has filed an application for the inclusion of Baikal in the World Natural Heritage List.

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To be inscribed on the Natural World Heritage List, a candidate property must meet at least one of four criteria:

• be an outstanding example representing the main stages of the development of the Earth, including evidence of ancient life, significant geological processes in the stage of formation of landforms, geomorphological and physiographic elements of great importance;
• or be an outstanding example representing ecological and biological evolutionary processes, the development of ecosystems and terrestrial, river, coastal and marine plant and animal communities;
• or constitute a natural phenomenon or area of ​​exceptional aesthetic value;
• or contain habitats of the most representative and important species for the conservation of biological diversity, including those areas where species of outstanding global scientific and conservation importance and endangered species are conserved.

Baikal met all four criteria.

Of the thousands of natural sites on the List, just over a dozen meet the four criteria.

The decision adopted by the UNESCO Committee noted:

Lake Baikal is a classic case of a World Heritage Site, fulfilling all four natural criteria.

Baikal itself is the main object of the nomination. The features of the lake, hidden to a greater extent from the eyes of water, are of the main value for science and protection. The lake is surrounded by mountain-taiga landscapes and specially protected natural areas, mostly preserved in their natural state and representing additional value.

Lake Baikal is a limnological wonder and a territory with the following excellent qualities:

• The geological rift system that gave rise to Lake Baikal was formed in Mesozoic period. Lake Baikal is the oldest and deepest lake on Earth. Various tectonic forces still continue their action, as evidenced by the outlets of thermal flows from the depths of the lake.
• The evolution of aquatic organisms that has taken place throughout this long period has led to the formation of unique endemic flora and fauna.
• Lake Baikal is the "Galapagos Islands of Russia" and is of exceptional value for the study of evolution.
• The picturesque landscape around the Baikal basin with mountain ranges, boreal forests, tundra, lakes, islands and steppes provides an exceptionally picturesque environment for Lake Baikal.
• Baikal is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth (20% of all world reserves), which additionally characterizes it as a unique phenomenon.
• Lake Baikal is one of the most biodiverse lakes on Earth, with 1,340 animal species (745 endemic) and 570 plant species (150 endemic). In the forests surrounding the lake, there are 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and a complete composition of typical boreal species is presented.

When Baikal was included in the World Natural Heritage List, the Russian leadership was given special recommendations:

• adopt the Federal Law on Lake Baikal;
  re-profiling the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill in order to eliminate it as a source of pollution;
• reduce the discharge of pollutants into the Selenga River;
• increase the resource support for the activities of nature reserves and national parks adjacent to the lake;
• continue supporting scientific research and monitoring at Lake Baikal.