Airborne preparation. Mandatory standards for physical training in the army and special services of Russia (6 photos) Physical training of a paratrooper

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Combat training of the most powerful foreign army units in the world

Currently, the main emphasis in the combat training of American paratroopers is on operations in low-intensity armed conflicts, humanitarian and peacekeeping missions. Combat training of the XVIII Airborne Forces is carried out in "blocks". First, individual training blocks are worked out, and then a full-scale simulation of hostilities is carried out. American paratroopers without fail learn to interact with other parts of the US Army, marines, navy and air force. To do this, the US Armed Forces are conducting large-scale exercises in which tens of thousands of people are involved, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe "operational area" reaches a million square kilometers. Scenarios are also being worked out for responding to the "crisis in Central America", that is, actions near the borders or directly on the territory of the United States. Highly great attention in the preparation of the US Airborne Forces, the speed of response to crisis situations. At any given time, amphibious formations must be ready to meet deployment speed standards. An important aspect of training is also joint maneuvers with troops from other NATO countries.

Individual combat and psychological training of American paratroopers is carried out in very harsh conditions. For example, the course of initial training includes the adaptation of recruits to blood. The "battle" site is "decorated" with waste from the slaughterhouse - bloodied entrails and parts of the carcasses of dead animals. In this fetid mess, American paratroopers crawl and even eat. It is believed that all this contributes to the development of composure. According to experts, such classes are particularly rich, psychological entourage and maximum physical activity. In addition, they have a more individual focus, unlike our rallying units.

Comparing the combat capabilities of Russian and American paratroopers, it should be noted that the "blue berets" are more capable of independent actions in small units. American paratroopers have a more versatile supply and support of firepower, which does not contribute to the development of the habit of relying only on oneself when fighting behind enemy lines. The US Airborne Forces are characterized by close interaction with fire and rear support units, aviation, "heavy" units and formations. American paratroopers are mostly used as highly mobile line infantry. for raids and sabotage actions The US Armed Forces have other units.

Over time, the SEALs became the premier elite unit in America, participating in all military operations of the Stars and Stripes. The last major achievement of the unit is the elimination of Osama bin Laden. To earn the badge of an eagle wielding a trident and a flintlock pistol, applicants must complete the world's most difficult public training course. More than one film is devoted to this school of survival, but the main torment can be seen in the film "Soldier Jane". Only, unlike Hollywood fiction, only men from 18 to 28 years old are accepted into the unit. During the year, they are subjected to all conceivable and unimaginable training, existing in the mode of continuous running and swimming. But the main selection of candidates takes place on the fourth week of the course, known as "Hell Week". For five days, candidates are given four hours of sleep, 200 miles of running, and 20 hours of exercise per day. After a week of pain and suffering, the desire to continue disappears in 90% of applicants. After unrealistic workloads, the future “seals” acquire the skills of super soldiers, take part in a role-playing game to capture the 1: 1 Afghan city of Pineland, built on a scale of 1: 1, and eventually come to fully understand the unit’s truly Zen motto: “The only easy day was yesterday.”

The Special Air Service (SAS) is the core and fundamental principle of the main fighting force not only of Her Majesty's military forces. Following the example of SAS, most of the special forces around the world organize and conduct training. The air service was founded during the Second World War and was mainly engaged in sabotage operations in the territory North Africa. Half a century later, the tasks of the unit have changed somewhat - the service is responsible for counter-terrorism operations and the training of special forces in countries friendly to the United Kingdom, but the character has remained the same. Throughout their history, SAS fighters have killed all over the world from Northern Ireland to Kalimantan.

Today, the service has about 500 people, 240 of whom are ready to wash themselves with blood around the clock. SAS can be recognized by their signature sand-coloured berets. As expected, the SAS training course is distinguished by its attention to the superpowers of a fighter. But before mastering the deadly techniques, beginners will have to survive five weeks of gym hell. There are 200 candidates at the start, capable of doing 50 sit-ups and 44 push-ups, then run 2.5 km in nine minutes. Of these, about 30 people will reach the final. At the end of the first stage, the soldiers must run four miles in half an hour and swim two miles in an hour and a half. In full uniform. After the survivors are sent to the Malaysian jungle, where they undergo a survival course, a simulation of being captured and a 36-hour interrogation with addiction. Those who were able to keep their minds and not give up ahead of time are given a sand beret, a patch with a winged excalibur and the motto “Who Dares Wins” in the teeth.

As for the special forces with the richest experience in combat operations, in terms of the number of frags and completed missions, Shayetet 13, a special forces unit of the Israeli naval forces, would certainly have won. From the language of the prophets, the name is translated as "13th flotilla." The composition, scope of activities and location of the Shayetet 13 bases are strictly classified. It is only known that the main specialization of the detachment is sabotage and targeted elimination of the enemies of Israel. On account of "Shayetet" - hundreds of terrorists killed, including members of the "Black September" who made a fuss at the Olympics in Munich, Hezbollah and the Palestine Liberation Organization.

Training in the Shayetet detachment lasts twenty months. First comes the rigorous selection of candidates. After passing basic physical and psychological tests, the future SEALs of the Holy Land are sent to a training camp. There they learn the art of camouflage, hand-to-hand combat systems and skydiving. Only after that does the stage called “preparatory” begin, during which the Shayetet fighters learn the art of blowing up everything that comes to hand and operating equipment from a scooter to a combat boat. After two months of daily drill, four weeks of scuba combat begin. The final phase of training lasts whole year and includes pumping all the skills already acquired, as well as the arts of underwater sabotage and boarding of enemy submarines.

In addition to the defenders of the Holy Land, the most prepared for the meat grinder special forces in the world is located in South Korea. The 707th Special Purpose Battalion has existed in a permanent war regime since 1981 and is ready to pulverize anyone who believes that there is any other Korea besides South Korea. These serious guys wear fashionable black berets, call themselves "white tigers" and are responsible for performing two combat missions - the fight against terrorism and ultra-fast response to military threats. A distinctive feature of the 707th battalion is the presence of women in the personnel, who can seduce and then cold-bloodedly kill a communist infiltrator.

Recruitment to the 707th battalion is made from the regular military formations of South Korea. The fighters noted in the service and those wishing to try their hand are sent to a ten-day course to determine the level of endurance. On the tenth day, 90% of the contestants are out of action. The rest go to the range to master the secrets of underwater combat, parachuting and other important skills to fight the enemy. According to North Korean intelligence, there is an exact copy of the Boeing 747 at the training ground so that the fighters of the 707th can practice hijacking the aircraft. Another distinguishing feature of the course is the attention to sub-zero temperatures: soldiers naked to the waist do exercises in the snow and swim for a while in icy water. Intensive training takes place throughout the year, and after its completion, the country receives super-soldiers capable of giving an adequate rebuff to the enemy.

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION

"Knocked down - fight on your knees, you can't walk - advance lying down!"

V.F. Margelov

“Fight is the biggest test of the moral, physical qualities and endurance of a fighter. Often you have to enter into battle after a tedious march and conduct it continuously for several days, day and night. Therefore, in order to fulfill his task in battle, a fighter must be able to endure all sorts of difficulties and hardships, remaining cheerful, courageous and resolute, and steadily strive to meet the enemy, to capture him or destroy him.(The combat charter of the infantry of the Red Army, part 1, article 29). Modern combat makes high demands on the psychophysical and moral-volitional qualities of a paratrooper. Actions as part of an airborne unit, to a greater extent than any other type of combat activity, require mobility, endurance and stamina from a soldier, sergeant and officer.

A warrior must stoically endure all the hardships of service

Physical education and training of a paratrooper are carried out systematically and continuously. The military work of a paratrooper is not easy: with full combat gear, a forced march to a shooting range or to a training ground, and there on the move - live firing as part of a platoon or company. And a battalion tactical exercise with landing and live firing means three days of tension, when you can’t relax even for a minute. In the Airborne Forces, everything is as close as possible to a combat situation: a parachute jump from an airplane; collection at the landing site - as in battle, especially at night; searching for your airborne combat vehicle (BMD) and bringing it into combat position - everything is like in war. Special attention in the Airborne Forces is given to the moral, psychological and physical training of personnel. Running and forced marches develop excellent endurance in a person. It is not in vain that they say in the Airborne Forces: "The paratrooper runs as much as he can, and after that - as much as necessary."

Warriors called upon to operate deep behind enemy lines, to carry out sabotage there, must have high level physical fitness and corresponding psychological qualities. Among the physical qualities in the first place is endurance. After all, the fulfillment of almost any combat mission requires scouts to carry out a forced march with a length of up to 30-50 km. If the object was destroyed, then it is only required to evade pursuit by running, not less than 10–15 km at the maximum pace, while not stopping “working with your head” in order to “outplay” the enemy. Therefore, it is preferable to select for service in the Airborne Forces those guys who were engaged in sports that develop general and strength endurance: swimming, running long and medium distances, cycling, rowing, skiing, sports games, wrestling and boxing. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to find athletes among conscripts (and among contract soldiers too). Therefore, the use of simple tests that check the degree of general and strength endurance in men should be recommended. Below are the standards for two such tests.

The overall endurance test is based on measuring the distance a fighter runs in 12 minutes:

more than 2.8 km - excellent,

2.8–2.4 km - good,

2.4–2.0 km - mediocre,

less than 2.0 km - bad.

The muscle performance test consists of four exercises performed one after the other without interruption, 10 times each (push-ups in the lying position; from the stop, crouching with the forwarding of the legs back, go to the lying position; lifting the legs from the supine position; from the squatting position, the jump up with full extension of the legs and torso, hands behind the head). Four exercises together make up one series. 7 episodes - excellent; 5-6 episodes - good; 3-4 series - mediocre; Episodes 1-2 are bad. It would be best if specialists were involved in the selection of personnel for service in reconnaissance and sabotage units: psychologists, doctors, and special training instructors. In practice, this is most often done by the commanders of such units themselves. Usually they are guided in their choice by the following four criteria:

1. Take into account the personal desire of the young soldier to serve in landing troops ah (if there is no such desire, then it is better to find someone else).

2. They take into account physical fitness for this service (in addition to the above tests, it is also mandatory to fulfill all the standards of the military sports complex without exception).

3. Take into account intellectual fitness (it is revealed during a face-to-face conversation, as well as by conducting simple psychological tests on intelligence, like the Hans Eysenck test, published many times in Russian).

4. They take into account the psychological compatibility of a young soldier with other soldiers and sergeants (for this purpose, the candidate is placed for 2-3 days in a soldier's team, and then they ask the opinion of the old-timers about him).

General physical training

The Manual on Physical Training (NFP-87) states:

“The special tasks of physical training are: for the personnel of ... units and subunits: the primary development of general endurance, the ability to make long marches on skis and forced marches over rough terrain; improving skills in overcoming special obstacles; formation of readiness for hand-to-hand combat with a numerically superior enemy; fostering cohesion and improving skills in collective action against the backdrop of great mental and physical stress.

In addition, the physical training of paratroopers should contribute to increasing resistance to motion sickness and shock overload on the musculoskeletal system, mental resistance to the effects of heavy physical exertion, as well as fostering courage, determination and self-confidence.

List of basic exercises included in learning programs for physical fitness is as follows:

- for personnel of reconnaissance units and subunits - 2, 3(4), 6(7), 10, II, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31.

In addition, military personnel study hand-to-hand combat techniques according to a special program. The barracks are equipped with places for hand-to-hand combat and strength training. They are equipped with the simplest devices for practicing punches and kicks, a knife, a shovel, a machine gun, as well as shells for developing the strength of the muscles of the arms, legs and back. The exercises that are listed in NFP-87 are as follows:

Exercise 2. Running for 3 km.

Grades: "excellent" 12 min 30 sec

"good" 12 min 45 sec

“satisfactory” 13 min 10 sec

Exercise 3. Cross-country skiing 5 km

Ratings: "excellent." 28 min

"hor." 29 min

"satisfactory" 30 minutes

Exercise 4. Cross for 5 km (for snowless areas).

Rating: "excellent." 24 min

"hor." 25 min

"satisfactory" 26 min.

Exercise 6. Pulling up on the crossbar.

Rating: "excellent." 13 times

"hor." 11 times

"satisfactory" 9 times

Exercise 7. Complex strength exercise.

It is performed within 1 minute: the first 30 seconds, the maximum number of forward bends until the hands touch the toes from the supine position, hands on the belt, legs are fixed (slight bending of the legs is allowed, when returning to the starting position, it is necessary to touch the floor with the shoulder blades); then turn to the support while lying down and without a pause for rest, perform the maximum number of flexions and extensions of the arms in the support lying for 30 seconds (the body is straight, bend the arms until the chest touches the floor).

Rating: "excellent." 48 times (tilts and push-ups together)

"hor." 44 times

"satisfactory" 40 times

Exercise 10. Running for 100 meters.

Rating: "excellent." 14.1 sec

"hor." 14.6 sec

"satisfactory" 15.6 sec.

Exercise 11. Jumping legs apart:

- through the gymnastic "goat" in length - the height of the projectile is 125 cm, the bridge 10-15 cm high is installed 1 m from the projectile; the jump is performed from a run;

- through the "horse" in length - the height of the projectile is 115 cm, the bridge 10-15 cm high is set arbitrarily; the jump is performed with a run-up push with the hands on the far half of the projectile.

Two attempts are allowed.

Exercise 12. Complex exercise for agility.

It is carried out in any room or on a flat grassy area. On the command “March”, run from a high start 10 m, perform two somersaults forward, jump to make a turn around, two somersaults forward, run 10 m in reverse direction. When performing somersaults in the hall, the use of mats is allowed.

Rating: "excellent." 10 sec

"hor." 10.6 sec

"satisfactory" 11.2 sec.

Exercise 13. Flexion and extension of the arms with simultaneous swings of the legs on the uneven bars.

Rating: "excellent." 9 times

"hor." 6 times

"satisfactory" 4 times.

Exercise 22. March on skis 10 km as part of a unit.

Each participant starts in full combat gear. The unit must arrive at the finish line in full force with a stretch of no more than 100 m and without loss of weapons and equipment. Mutual assistance is allowed without the transfer of weapons, gas masks and other items of equipment. Time is determined by the last participant.

Rating: "excellent." 1 hour 15 minutes

"hor." 1 hour 20 min

"satisfactory" 1 hour 25 min.

Exercise 23 The conditions are the same as for the throw on skis.

for 5 km: "ex." 27 min

"hor." 28 min

"satisfactory" 29 min

"excellent" 56 min

"hor." 58 min

"satisfactory" 1 hour.

Exercise 24. General control exercise on a single obstacle course.

Rating: "excellent." 2 min 25 sec

"hor." 2 min 30 sec

"satisfactory" 2 min 40 sec.

Exercise 25. Special control exercise on the obstacle course.

If the previous exercise was performed without a machine gun, then this exercise is performed with a machine gun, a magazine bag, two magazines and a gas mask. Distance - 400 m. Starting position- standing at the side of the armored personnel carrier (weapon in hand, gas mask in the bag): climb into the armored personnel carrier model over the side, jump off the opposite side, run 200 m along the path towards the first trench, run around the flag, jump into the trench and put on the gas mask, jump out of trenches and run along the log through the ravine, jump off the log to the ground, overcome the blockage, jump into the ditch, take a box weighing 40 kg from the rear parapet and transfer it to the front parapet, then back to the back. Take off the gas mask and put it in the bag, jump out of the moat, run through the passages of the labyrinth, run up the inclined board to the fence, go to the beam, run along it, jumping over the gaps, and jump to the ground from the end of the last section of the beam, jump over the destroyed stairs , stepping on each step, and jump off the last step to the ground. Overcome the wall, jump into the well, run along the route to the trench, throw anti-tank grenade weighing at least 1 kg per 15 m on a shield measuring 2 × 1 m, if the first grenade misses the target, continue throwing (but not more than three grenades) until the target is hit, jump out of the trench and overcome the front garden, climb into the lower window of the facade of the house, with him - into the upper window, go to the beam, walk along it, jump off to the first platform, from it - to the second, jump to the ground, jump over the trench.

Rating: "excellent." 3 min 25 sec

"hor." 3 min 30 sec.

"satisfactory" 3 min 45 sec

Exercise 26. Overcoming a single obstacle course as part of a unit.

Platoon commanders, companies and their deputies perform the exercise as part of the inspected units. Performed as part of the department. Grade:

up to 4 people "excellent" 3.50 "hor." 4, 15 "satisfactory" 4.40

up to 7 people "excellent" 4.15 "hor." 4.40 "satisfactory" 5.05

up to 10 people "excellent" 4.40 "hor." 5.05 "satisfactory" 5.30

Exercise 27. Running with overcoming an obstacle course as part of a unit.

The same conditions as in No. 26, but first run 1000 or 3000 meters and then overcome the strip.

Exercise 28. Swimming in uniform with weapons (automatic).

It is performed in casual clothes, boots are removed and placed behind the waist belt in front or behind. The exercise is considered failed if the weapon or uniform items are lost.

Rating: "excellent." 100 m

"hor." 75 m

"satisfactory" 50 m

Or swimming in the 100m in sportswear, if there are no conditions for swimming in uniform.

Score: breaststroke

"excellent" 2.05

"hor." 2.20

"satisfactory" 2.50 freestyle

"excellent" 1.50

"hor." 2.05

"satisfactory" 2.35

When preparing for tactical exercises, two to three weeks before their start, the content of physical training classes includes forced marches for 10-15 km with overcoming an obstacle course; methods of removing the sentry; pair exercises in the form of training fights with weapons and improvised means. Forced marches are planned in all forms of physical training and are held every other day. Three to four days before the exercise, physical training classes with high physical activity stop. With long periods of preparation for tactical exercises or combat operations (up to two months), physical training classes are carried out in stages. At the first stage, the content of the classes includes running for 100 m, 400 m, 3 km and strength exercises, at the second stage - running for 3-5 km, overcoming the obstacle course and hand-to-hand combat, at the third stage - running at 100 m, 400 m and hand-to-hand combat, at the fourth stage - forced marches for 10-15 km with overcoming the obstacle course and hand-to-hand combat.

It should be noted that paratroopers can successfully solve the tasks assigned to them only if they are able to independently make decisions in accordance with the current situation. After all, it is impossible to foresee all possible cases in advance. And the officer may not be next to the fighter at a critical moment. Therefore, the commander must teach soldiers and sergeants to think with their own heads, which for many is both difficult and unusual. And the commander must also be confident in his subordinates, in their moral and volitional qualities and psychological reliability. In the course of special studies, it was found that the ideal fighter is the one who has the so-called "passive-aggressive type" of character; intelligence above the average by at least 10-15 points: prone to risk (but not to adventurism); he usually blames himself for his failures, and not “circumstances” or other people; appreciates male friendship; independent in their assessments and decisions; able to quickly adjust his behavior depending on the situation. Those who think that these and similar qualities are of no particular importance should be reminded that the airborne troops operate in isolation from their troops, on enemy territory, and not for a couple of hours, but for several days or even several weeks. At the same time, they constantly “play hide and seek” with the enemy and are deprived of the right to make a mistake. Paratroopers pay for mistakes with their lives, not counting the unfulfilled combat mission, which ultimately means many lives of other servicemen. Consequently, the paratroopers really should exceed the average soldier level in all respects.

"Remember, the main method of hand-to-hand combat: First, throw a grenade at the enemy ..." Hand-to-hand instructor, head of physical training of the RAP

Perhaps the main secret of the hand-to-hand combat style of the Airborne Forces is that ... there were no "secrets"! There are no and never existed any terrible special strikes at super-secret points, no "Delayed Death Touches" and other super-exotics ... So what, paratroopers and special forces are lying, claiming that "Beret" will cope with several opponents in a fight? -No! Don't lie! Works and is very EFFECTIVE! But if you film this fight and show it later at normal speed, then 9/10 of the audience will simply not understand anything about what is happening, and half will be disappointed and wonder: why do they fall so easily? What's the matter?

I want to clarify right away that I’m not talking about the melee of the Special Forces, especially officer units such as Vympel, Alpha and Cascade, especially sharpened for the forcible detention of living languages ​​or criminals! - there are specifics and without knowing I won’t even speak! And about the hand-to-hand combat training of conventional airborne troops (Uncle Vasya's troops).Somehow in one book I came across the following reasoning, I quote in a free paraphrase: "No matter how cynical it sounds, everything has its price and a soldier's life, even more so. This price - price training a new soldier to replace a retired one. After all, no matter how skilled a fighter is, this will not save him from either a crossbow bolt or, what is more offensive, from bloody diarrhea "... Roughly, but fair...

I don’t want to say anything bad about oriental martial arts schools, but... In six months or a year, it is impossible to prepare a real person using the training methods of Karate, Taekwondo, Taijiquan and so on! In six months, he, at best, will learn two or three basic stances, and the ability to breathe more or less correctly in a stance, and not in battle! In real hand-to-hand combat, such a fighter is a danger to only one person - to himself! Only after five or seven years of daily painstaking many hours of training, he will begin to understand that he has only come close to mastering the basics! You understand, preparing SOLDIERS in this way is pointless! There are simply no these five to seven years for the preparation of not even a semi-finished fighter!

On the rights of a person who participated (and SURVIVED!) after three real hand-to-hand combat fights, let me tell you! that the Airborne Forces handpash school, there is still a training system! And she is EFFICIENT! What are the basic principles of training a fighter? It should also be taken into account that in addition to FIZukha, there is also a daily service! Shooting training, training in a combat specialty, Drill (to her), outfits and guards, and so on and so forth! But the system has proven its effectiveness, so what does it consist of, this paratrooper hand-to-hand training system? I'll try to answer...

The entire system of hand-to-hand combat training of the Airborne Forces is based on three pillars, each component is important; and it makes no sense the question is which! These are Psychological training, Physical training and a set of basic hand-to-hand combat techniques. Let's take them in turn. So, mental preparation. It includes bringing to the subconscious level, to a conditioned reflex: a fight is NOT a competition! It is impossible to WIN OR LOSE! In battle, you can either WIN or die! the third, as they say, is not given ... No one will shake your hand before a fight or make a ritual bow. They will immediately try to kill you, and by all means available in this moment! The preparation was carried out quite simply, but effectively, no one conducted conversations and psychological tests with us - we were simply beaten! Not to defeat, but in such a way that it didn’t seem enough! I emphasize! Not beaten, but beaten! Feel the difference! You could get slapped or be caught in a choke hold at any moment: at the moment of a conversation with an officer, standing on the nightstand as an orderly, just walking through the unit. Avoiding a blow or a grab was poked around! The answer is even more so! Although this, in fairness it is worth saying, rarely anyone succeeded! They say that such a system was introduced into the practice of the Airborne Forces by their commander, the legendary V.F. Margelov, I don’t know, but if this is so, then I bow to him for it! SUCH a training system saved many lives in real wars, and me too ... I still, although more than thirty years have passed, I simply physically cannot go around the corner of the building close to it, I go around in three or four steps ... Constant pressure , in which, by the way, there was nothing personal, because the grandfather received the same as the young one, he developed the habit of constant vigilance, the ability not to relax even in a dream, some kind of sixth sense of danger ...

Physical training in the Airborne Forces does not require special comments. Endurance training - running in different conditions, goose stepping, alternating accelerations, jagged rhythm ... strength training - pull-ups, push-ups different kind, squats, jumps ... rocking the press again different ways. All this - “through I can’t” until complete darkness in my eyes ... I still have enough, although dmb-77 ... As for the basic melee techniques, you need to decipher ... Not for landing and special forces - they are all they know it too! For fans of films like Rimbaud ... This is exactly the training of BASIC techniques, not "HOOKS", and quite individual ... Someone is more comfortable with throwing, someone prefers percussion, someone chokes or holds to break ligaments and fractures joints - closer. The basics were given to everyone, then the development of stereotypes, bringing the movement to the level of a knee-jerk reflex - there is no time to think in battle, the body reacts by itself, the thought does not have time! The blows were practiced on various kinds of simulators such as makiwara and a punching bag, throws - with each other, VERY CAREFULLY AND NOT IN FULL power, also applies to various kinds of pain and suffocation. And after mastering the basic movements, everyone trained himself! No combat sparring in real life, with one exception, about which below ... After all, an attempt to carry out, for example, in sparring conditions, an elbow in the Adam's apple for one of the fighters may well be the last ... And I also note, no BALLET in the spirit of Van - Lady and Chuck Norris! Legs work up to the knee, not higher! The anterior part of the lower leg and ankle, the inner surface of the lower leg. Knee - a blow to the perineum and on the inside of the thigh. The elbow is mainly for finishing off an enemy who has already lost his bearings. Everything is simple and ineffectual, ugly ... BUT- EFFECTIVELY!

Now about the exception: Approximately once every two weeks they put on a boxing helmet on you, and let four or five people, old-timers or officers, be spoiled. Not right away, one by one. I had to hold out for five minutes... The first time, as far as I remember, no one succeeded... The first time I went to rest at the tenth second, missing a powerful straight to the head... In a real fight, the result would have been my death, because I got up I was only ten minutes later ... On the third attempt, I received gratitude in the order for the part, because I managed to "put into the ring" the regiment's deputy technical officer. The captain, by the way, was not offended by me, and the first one, having come to his senses, shook my hand. At the same time, he said: “I started classes ... we need to work” ... We didn’t kill rats with our bare hands ... but everything is one, ready to fight, at any second of the day or night, and not for life, but for death, was absorbed into flesh and blood, into the bone marrow ... That, in general, is all the "Terrible military secrets" that I was going to tell you ...

“In striving to ensure that our Fatherland would never be humiliated by anyone and that the name of the Russian always stands “honestly and formidably”, we must wish that we always have strong army and that citizens be imbued with a sense of patriotism, and therefore love their army, with all its virtues, which are undeniable, and with all its shortcomings, which are correctable.

Paratroopers in parade formation on Red Square

Our country has a world priority in the creation of airborne troops; in this field of military art, it is truly "ahead of the rest." It was in the Soviet Union in the 20-30s. In the 20th century, paratrooper units were created and used for the first time in the world in the course of large-scale complex military exercises. And this made such a deep impression on foreign observers that work began immediately in the largest armies of Europe to create their own parachute troops.

AT different countries airborne troops are called differently: air infantry, winged infantry, rapid reaction forces (troops), airborne troops, highly mobile landing troops, commandos (British commandos) and others. Soviet Union was a pioneer in the use of airborne troops.

Airborne Troops (VDV) - a highly mobile branch of the Armed Forces Russian Federation(RF Armed Forces), designed to conduct combat operations behind enemy lines. The Airborne Forces are a means of the Supreme High Command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and can form the basis of mobile forces. The Airborne Forces report directly to the Commander of the Airborne Forces and consist of airborne divisions, brigades, separate units and institutions.

In the book brought to the attention of the reader, the story will focus on the combat training of the fighters of the airborne troops. A paratrooper must be able to do a lot. This book is a popular guide to the basic training of airborne troops (sometimes such training is called "single").

No tasks impossible

Airborne Forces or Airborne Troops- a type of troops in the armed forces of the country, which are intended for combat operations behind enemy lines and its coverage in the airspace. Airborne troops are an integral part of the Armed Forces of almost all major states, they are subordinate to the commander of the Airborne Forces. They include divisions, brigades, regiments and educational institutions.

beauty and pride Russian army- Airborne Forces

Airborne Troops (VDV) - a separate branch of the Russian Armed Forces, which is a means of the Supreme High Command and is designed to cover the enemy by air and perform tasks in his rear to disrupt command and control, capture and destroy ground elements precision weapons, disrupting the advancement and deployment of reserves, disrupting the operation of the rear and communications, as well as covering (defending) certain directions, areas, open flanks, blocking and destroying airborne assault forces, enemy groupings that have broken through, and performing other tasks. Also, the Airborne Forces are often used as rapid reaction forces.

Paratroopers on parade

Airborne Armor in all its glory

The main method of delivery of the Airborne Forces is parachute landing, they can also be delivered by helicopters; during World War II, glider delivery was practiced. The armies of many other countries adopted the idea of ​​paratroopers and airborne troops from the Russians. As V.F. Margelov: “He who wears or has ever worn blue shoulder straps with paratrooper emblems will proudly pronounce the words all his life: “I am a paratrooper!”

"Nobody except us".

Motto of the Russian Airborne Forces

The prehistory of the Soviet Airborne Forces (VDV) began in the late 1920s. last century. In April 1929, near the village of Garm (the territory of the present Republic of Tajikistan), a group of Red Army soldiers was landed on several planes, which, with the support local residents defeated the Basmachi detachment.

The history of the Russian Airborne Forces dates back to August 2, 1930, when during the exercises Air force(Air Force) of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh, a 12-man paratrooper unit was parachuted from a TB-3 bomber for the first time. This experiment allowed military theorists to see the prospect of the advantage of parachute units, their enormous capabilities associated with the rapid coverage of the enemy through the air. This date is officially considered to be the birthday of the Airborne Forces.

Landing glider of the period of the Second World War

The Revolutionary Military Council of the Red Army determined one of the tasks for 1931: "... air landing operations must be comprehensively studied from the technical and tactical side by the Headquarters of the Red Army in order to develop and distribute appropriate instructions to the places ". Attention was drawn to the need for a deep development of organizational structure and theory combat use Airborne troops. First airborne unit was formed in 1931 in the Leningrad Military District (LenVO) as part of the 1st air brigade, an experienced airborne assault detachment, numbering 164 people and intended for landing by landing method. E.D. was appointed commander of the detachment. Lukin. Then, in the same air brigade, an emergency paratrooper detachment was formed. In August and September 1931, at the exercises of the Leningrad and Ukrainian military districts, the detachment landed and performed tactical tasks in the enemy's simulated rear.

Wedge suspension for DB-3. 30s USSR

The beginning of the creation of mass Airborne Forces was laid by a resolution of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, adopted on December 11, 1932. It, in particular, noted that the development of aviation technology, as well as the results achieved in the design and dropping of fighters, cargo and combat vehicles from aircraft, require the organization of new combat units and formations of the Red Army. In order to develop the airborne business in the Red Army, to train the relevant personnel and units, the Revolutionary Military Council decided to deploy a brigade (special purpose battalions) on the basis of the airborne detachment of the Leningrad Military District, entrusting it with the training of instructors in airborne training and the development of operational-tactical standards. At the same time, it was planned to form by March 1933 one airborne detachment each in the Belorussian, Ukrainian, Moscow and Volga military districts. Already at the beginning of 1933, special-purpose aviation battalions were formed in these districts. A new stage in the development of the Airborne Forces began. By the end of 1933, there were already 29 airborne battalions and brigades that were part of the Air Force. The LenVO was entrusted with the task of training airborne instructors and developing operational and tactical standards.