Sports for children with adhd. Hyperactive child - what to do? Physical exercises and types of loads

Relaxation
01.08.2020

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with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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1. Maintain a positive attitude in your relationship with your child. Praise him whenever he deserves it, highlight his successes. This helps to strengthen the child's self-confidence.

2. Avoid repeating the words "no" and "can't."

3. Speak with restraint, calmly, softly. (Screams excite the child)

4. Give the child only one task for a certain period of time so that he can complete it.

5. Use visual stimulation to reinforce verbal instructions.

6. Reward your child for all activities that require concentration (for example, work with blocks, designer, board games, coloring, reading).

7. Maintain a clear daily routine at home. The time of eating, doing homework and sleeping every day should correspond to this routine.

8. Avoid crowds whenever possible. Staying in large stores, markets, etc. has a stimulating effect on the child.

9. When playing, limit your child to only one partner. Avoid restless, noisy buddies.

10. Protect your child from fatigue, as it leads to a decrease in self-control and an increase in hyperactivity.

11. Give your child the opportunity to expend excess energy. Daily physical activity in the fresh air is useful - walking, running, sports activities (gymnastics, swimming, tennis, but not wrestling or boxing, because these sports are traumatic).

12. Be aware that the hyperactivity inherent in children with attention deficit disorder, although inevitable, can be kept under reasonable control using the above measures.

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Admission Tips for Parents of Hyperactive Children

in sections and circles:

    You should not send a child under 4.5-5 years old to a group where education is based on the “school” type, that is, children during class should sit at their desks or tables, raise their hands, answer in turn, write in notebooks, complete assignments, requiring a lot of perseverance and concentration.

    Find a group where learning takes place in a playful way, where during the lessons the children can move freely around the room, stand, sit, jump, respond at will, etc.

    If the manifestations of the hyperdynamic syndrome are very strong (the child is a “catastrophe”), up to 5-6 years old you can do without additional training sessions, limiting yourself to what they do in the kindergarten.

    If you see that in a group of children the child is uncomfortable, hard, do not hope that he will get used to it over time. Return to classes next year when the child is older.

    If the child is asked homework, and the kid resolutely refuses to do them, do not force him! Let the child go to class with an unfinished assignment. If he is reproached there for an unfulfilled task, it will only benefit him.

    Clubs and sections are best suited for hyperactive children, where the child will have the opportunity to run and jump more, the structure of which includes movement to a greater extent. Checked: folk dance club, theater studio, gymnastics, running or swimming are great for children.

When the child grows up and becomes more active, some parents have a desire to send him to sports section. They are faced with a difficult choice, in which they are often guided either by their taste preferences or by the degree of remoteness of the section from home. What should you pay attention to when choosing a sport for your child?

Young children have an incredible amount of energy and it must be directed in a positive direction. This will make you calm, and the baby - cheerful, healthy and cheerful. The most suitable option is sports. But here the question immediately arises of choosing the right sport.

First you need to carefully look at your child. Sports should correspond to his inclinations and character. Forget about your ambitions and consider only the interests of the child.

At what age is it better to send a child to sports?

When is it worth giving your son or daughter to sports? - It is best to start teaching children about sports with preschool age, but this is not always possible - not all sports sections accept small children.

If parents plan to subsequently make sports for a child a significant part of his life, you need to teach children to sports even from the “diaper”. How to do it? Equip a small sports corner at home with a Swedish wall, a rope and other devices. Being engaged from early childhood, the child will overcome fear, strengthen some muscle groups, master the available equipment, feel the pleasure and joy of training.

  • 2-3 years. Children at this age are full of energy, active and mobile. That is why at this time it is recommended to do gymnastics with children daily. Kids get tired quickly, so classes should not be long, just do a few simple exercises(clapping, swinging arms, tilting, jumping) for 5-10 minutes;
  • 4-5 years. This age is especially remarkable in that the baby's body type is already formed (as well as his character), and talents are just beginning to appear. This period is most suitable for finding a suitable sports club for your child. This age is good for the development of coordination. Offer your child a choice of acrobatics, gymnastics, tennis, jumping or figure skating. From the age of five, you can start classes at a ballet school or try yourself in hockey;
  • 6-7 years old. An excellent time for the development of flexibility and plasticity. In a year, the joints will reduce their mobility by about 20-25%. You can give your child to any kind of gymnastics, swimming, start practicing martial arts or football;
  • 8-11 years old. This age period is best suited for the development of speed, agility and dexterity in a child. A great idea is to give it to rowing, fencing or cycling;
  • From 11 years old focus on endurance. Children after 11 years of age are able to withstand heavy loads, master complex movements and hone them. Choose any sports with a ball, consider athletics, boxing, shooting as an option;
  • After 12-13 years there comes an age when optimal solution will be training aimed at developing strength and endurance.

So at what age can a child be given to a particular sport? There is no single answer here, as each person is individual. There are children who at the age of three can ride a skateboard or ski. Others are completely unprepared for most sports even by the age of nine.

There is general recommendations to which you should listen when choosing a sports section. For example, classes for the development of flexibility should be started from an early age, since at this time the child's body is more pliable for stretching. Flexibility decreases with age. But as for endurance, in general, it develops gradually - from 12 years to 25.

If you decide to send a three-year-old child to a sports club, then take into account that the bones and muscles of the child will finally form only by the age of five. Excessive loads before this age can lead to unpleasant consequences, for example, to scoliosis. Children under 5 years old are actually quite light loads and active games.

Which sections accept children at different ages?


  • 5-6 years. Accepted for various types of gymnastics and figure skating;
  • 7 years. Acrobatics, ballroom and sports dancing, martial arts, swimming, darts, as well as checkers and chess;
  • 8 years. At this age, children are taken to badminton, football, basketball and golf. There is an opportunity to learn skiing;
  • 9 years. From that time on, there is a chance to become a speed skater, master sailing, go in for rugby and biathlon, start doing athletics;
  • 10 years. Upon reaching the age of 10, children are admitted to boxing and kickboxing, pentathlon, and judo. You can send children to classes with weights, billiards and cycling;
  • From 11 years of age, children are taken to sections on various types shooting;
  • From 12 years old child will be accepted for bobsleigh.

Gifted children can be enrolled in the sports section one year younger.

Choosing a sport, taking into account the physique of the child

Having decided to give your child to sports, you should pay attention to his body type. This is important because in different types sports take into account various features of the structure of the body. For basketball, high growth is preferred, while this feature is not appreciated in gymnastics. If the child is inclined to be overweight, parents should pay even more attention to the choice of direction in sports, because the results of training will depend on this, and hence the level of children's self-esteem. Having excess weight, the child is unlikely to become a good striker in football, but he will be able to achieve results in judo or hockey.

There are several types of body structure, according to the scheme of Stefko and Ostrovsky used in medical practice. Let's look at them in detail:

  1. Asthenoid type- this type of physique is characterized by pronounced thinness, the legs are usually long and thin, and rib cage and narrow shoulders. Muscles are poorly developed. Often, people with an asthenoid body type have a stoop along with protruding shoulder blades. These children tend to feel awkward. Given these factors, it is important for parents to find a section where their child will be psychologically comfortable. Here it is important not only the direction in sports, but also the right team. It is easy for such children to do gymnastics, basketball, as well as any kind of sports that emphasize speed, strength and endurance - skiing, cycling, jumping, rowing, throwing, golf and fencing, sports swimming, basketball, rhythmic gymnastics.
  2. Thoracic type body composition is characterized by an equal width of the shoulder girdle and hips, the chest is often wide. The indicator of the development of muscle mass is average. These children are highly active, they are suitable for sports related to speed and developing endurance. Mobile children are suitable for various races, motor sports, skiing, they will make excellent football players and biathletes, acrobats and figure skaters. You can give a child with this type of physique to ballet, capoeira, jumping, captivate them with kayaking.
  3. muscle type addition is typical for children with a massive skeleton and developed muscle mass. They are hardy and strong, which means you should choose a sport aimed at developing strength and speed. Such children can prove themselves in mountaineering, martial arts, football, powerlifting, go in for water polo and hockey, and also achieve good results in weightlifting and Workout.
  4. Digestive type- Digestive body type is characterized by short stature, broad chest, a small tummy and fat mass in other parts of the body. These guys are not mobile, they are slow and clumsy. However, this does not mean that he cannot join the sport. To instill in them an interest in activities, choose weightlifting, shooting, hockey, athletic gymnastics, consider martial arts or motorcycling, throwing and WorkOut as options.

How to choose a sport, given the children's temperament?


Character also matters when choosing sports. It depends on him what success the child can achieve. For example, highly active children are unlikely to excel in sports where training is an endless series of repetitive exercises that require the ability to concentrate. They need to choose activities where the child can throw out excess energy, it is best that it be a team sport.

  1. Sports for sanguines. Children with this type of temperament are leaders by nature, they are not inclined to succumb to fear, they like extreme sports, sports are suitable for them, where they can show all these qualities, show their own superiority. They will feel comfortable in fencing, mountaineering, karate classes. Sanguine people will enjoy hang gliding, skiing, kayaking.
  2. Cholerics- people are emotional, but they are able to share a victory with someone, so it is better for children with this temperament to find themselves in team sports. Wrestling or boxing is a good option for them.
  3. Phlegmatic children tend to achieve good results in everything, including sports, because their natural qualities are perseverance and calmness. Invite a child with this temperament to go to chess, to figure skating, to do gymnastics, or to become an athlete.
  4. Melancholy- very vulnerable children, they can be hurt by the excessive severity of the coach. It is better to choose one of the team sports for them or give them to dances. A great option is equestrianism, it is suitable for everyone, but shooting or sailing is also worth considering.

In which section to send children, given their state of health?


If you have chosen a direction in sports for your children, taking into account all the factors - their preferences, body type, character, then now you should pay attention to the health of future athletes. It is better to consult a pediatrician who knows the characteristics of the child's body. The doctor will tell you which sports are contraindicated in each case, and which ones will benefit. The pediatrician will determine what level of exercise is right for your children. Consider recommendations regarding the choice of a sport for various diseases.

  • Volleyball, basketball and football contraindicated in myopic children, as well as those who suffer from asthma or flat feet. But these sports will help strengthen the musculoskeletal system;
  • Gymnastics save the child from flat feet and help strengthen the back muscles, form a beautiful posture;
  • Swimming- suitable for all children without exception. Classes in the pool have a beneficial effect on the muscles of the whole body, including the back, strengthen the nervous system;
  • Hockey contraindicated if the child has chronic diseases, but he develops well respiratory system;
  • Martial arts, rhythmic gymnastics, skiing and figure skating shown with a poorly developed vestibular apparatus;
  • With a weak nervous system, classes are suitable children's yoga, swimming and horse riding;
  • tennis it is worth doing for the development of fine motor skills and attention, but this sport is not suitable for short-sighted children and those who suffer from stomach ulcers;
  • Horse riding recommended for convulsive syndrome, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and diabetics;
  • You can strengthen your heart and respiratory system by doing speed skating, athletics or diving;
  • Figure skating contraindicated in severe myopia and diseases of the pleura.

If you want to introduce children to sports, you should not be afraid of experiments, there will be victories, there will be failures. However, never write off the failures of a child in sports to different circumstances, because they are the result of the efforts made. Having achieved success with their efforts, children will again strive for victories, faced with failure, they will begin to make more efforts.

Any sport is useful and important, because it develops a strong character, responsibility and discipline. The main thing is that the child is engaged in it with pleasure!

At what age should a child go in for sports and what sport to choose for a child?

How to help your child choose a sport

Sports sections for children they will lay the foundation for the health of the child, strengthen his character, teach him to live in a competitive environment, to achieve his own in this difficult world.

The physical development of the child is highly dependent on whether he is engaged in physical education.

Modern children are accelerators. Their milk teeth are replaced earlier, they grow faster and gain mass. But, unfortunately, the body weight in most children is exceeded due to the predominance of adipose tissue. In half of the children, the level of secretion of adrenal hormones is below normal and does not correspond to development. This leads to the development , neurocirculatory dystonia and other health problems in children of different ages.

Why is it desirable to enroll a child in a sports section

A healthy child is active, he needs to throw out his energy somewhere. One of the conditions for the full development of the child is a properly formed musculoskeletal system. The growing skeleton of a child requires a constant supply of proteins, and micronutrients. When moving, the nutrition of the bone tissue improves, pathological processes appear less often in it, the consequences of which are often difficult to correct. Weak back muscles can cause scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis in school-age children.

In a child under 5-7 years of age, muscle bundles are attached by short wide tendons somewhat further from the axis of rotation, so movements in children may be somewhat angular. Only by the age of 8-10 years does the final differentiation of the connective tissue frame of muscles end: endomysium and perimysium.

Muscles in children develop unevenly: the muscles of the shoulder and forearm mature first, the muscles of the hands develop later. Children under 6 years of age find it difficult to exercise fine motor skills, they quickly get tired.

Ligaments are strengthened from 8 - 9 years. Given these features, physical education (including in sports sections) should be strictly dosed and under the control of a competent coach.

Regular exercise plays an important role in the functional and structural development of muscles. Children involved in sports sections already know well what it means to achieve the goal, they are more disciplined, in the future such children study better at school, they have a fighting sports character.

Practice shows that physically active children have better academic performance than those who constantly sit at textbooks or at the computer. Classes in sports sections have a positive effect on health promotion (we are not talking about big sports that have nothing to do with health).

Various age groups have their own standards of physical activity. So children 3 - 4 years of age should take 9,000 - 10,500 steps. For schoolchildren 11-15 years old, 20,000 steps are considered the norm. Children should be in a state of movement up to 6 hours a day.
Hypokinesia (insufficient mobility), as well as excessive uncontrolled passion for sports, attempts to achieve the highest possible results in a short time, can pose a real threat to health and lead to serious consequences.

The beginning of classes in the children's sports section

On the features of the age-related development of the musculoskeletal system of the child, recommended timing of the start of classes in the sports section.

Sports for children and the age in years at which they are allowed to participate in sports school

Gifted children can be enrolled in the sports section one year younger.

But in reality, beginner groups, for example, figure skating sports schools, are recruited from the age of 3-4, despite the fact that experts say that a child in the sports section has nothing to do on ice until the age of five.

Of course, there are situations when a child's athletic talent is noticeable almost from birth.

What you need to know before sending your child to the sports section

Make sure that he does not have congenital malformations and diseases that are incompatible with classes in a particular sports section. Help in the sports section should in no case be fictitious.

What sport should the child do?

It all depends on the inclinations, desires of the child and the goals set: either these are free sports sections purely for health, or a direct focus on Olympic results. Sometimes children feel better than adults which sports section is more suitable for them. From the temperament of the child, his physique, flexibility, speed of reaction, the predominance of fast or slow muscle fibers in the body (their ratio is genetically determined), it depends which sport the child should choose.

Sports for hyperactive children

It is advisable for a child with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) to offer a sports section, then a sport that would teach him to concentrate, instilled self-discipline. For boys with ADHD, martial arts are most suitable: aikido, taekwondo. For girls - sports dancing.

Such children are not recommended team or overly active sports (boxing, football). The opinion that a child with ADHD needs to throw out excess energy somewhere is not entirely correct. In children with ADHD, the psyche is easily exhausted, excessive mental stress in sports sections can lead to a psychiatrist.

Children with ADHD require special attention, therefore, for him it is necessary to choose not only a sports section, but also a patient coach who can find an individual approach to the child. It is not necessary to put an end to a child with ADHD. Michael Phelps, a multiple world champion swimmer, was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in sixth grade and competed in the Olympics at age 15.

In the presence of chronic diseases, when choosing a sports section, it is necessary to consult a doctor, as some sports can exacerbate the course of the disease. For example, swimming will exacerbate chronic sinusitis, and winter sports are not suitable for a child with bronchial asthma and an allergy to cold.

When choosing a sports section, you must be guided by common sense and the health of the child. Although, you can make a strong athlete out of it.

In a kindergarten, school or section, teachers make a lot of comments specifically for your child. They complain about his uncontrollability and bad manners. All this may indicate that your child has "hyperactivity disorder, or attention deficit disorder." Such children, more than others, are at risk of being misunderstood by adults. They are shamed, reproached, punished, and rebuked. But all this does not help, but only enhances the effect of the “hyperactivity syndrome”.

AT last years"Attention Deficit Disorder" appears in more children. This is facilitated by the increasing training loads every year and, as a result, a violation of the psycho-emotional state of children. In adults in modern society psychological stress also increased. Life began to accelerate, the solution of various tasks requires more and more attention and responsibility. This increases the nervousness of adults, which they carry into family life and thereby influence the psychological reactions and behavioral deviations of their children.

Boys are most susceptible to "attention deficit disorder". As a rule, the syndrome begins to manifest itself during the period of attending kindergarten, increases more and more by the time of preparation for school, and reaches its peak in the first years of study. During puberty external symptoms emotional impulsiveness are the least noticeable, they are disguised as other traits. But that doesn't mean the problem is solved. It can manifest itself in an unseemly way in adulthood and will be expressed in completely different external forms. Therefore, the sooner you pay attention to this problem and deal with it, the easier it will be for your child to adapt to the outside world.

An integrated approach can be the most fruitful. When parents, teachers, a psychologist and a pediatrician take part in the correction of behavior. At the age of 5-8 years, the child's brain is most receptive, negative habits have not yet become chronic. Therefore, it is at this age that it is best to start helping the child, to overcome the “attention deficit disorder”.

Help from parents

First of all, learn to manage your emotions. Calm behavior is the basis that will allow you to move forward in eliminating the undesirable syndrome. Try to eliminate the words "No" and "No" from your vocabulary. Use other positive language such as “It's better to do this…”, “I wish you…”, etc. Trust and understanding are your best allies. More often try to address the child as an adult conscious person.

Analyze the psychological microclimate in your family. You may need to initially correct your relationship with your soulmate. Frequent quarrels of parents provoke negative reactions of children. Plan the organization of family leisure in such a way that you can devote as much time as possible to activities in which all family members will participate. Find time for individual communication with the child. Immersion in the world of interests of the baby will allow you to strengthen mutual understanding and trust in each other.
Observe the daily routine and determine a permanent place for the child to practice.

Hyperactive child, more than others need external order

Encourage your child to achieve specific goals. Determine the goal, indicate its importance and, when the result is achieved, be sure to encourage. The form of encouragement can be different from praise to a small prize. Such exercises are best done daily, and at the end of the week, together with your child, analyze your victories with him and organize an additional reward. Such a prize can be a joint trip to the cinema or the zoo.

Remember the most important point - nervous system hyperactive child is designed in such a way that the perception of negative stimuli is practically absent. Therefore, you can endlessly punish your baby and never achieve the desired result. But he will react much faster to praise and encouragement.

Think about it! After all, how do you loving parents it is more pleasant to praise than to scold, although it is much more difficult to use these psychological techniques. You need to start with yourself - control and self-control - that's what will help you!

Help from teachers

Unfortunately, we cannot always find a common language with teachers. After all, they sometimes do not have the time or desire to delve into the problems of each individual child. The main responsibility lies with the parents. It is very difficult to communicate with a hyperactive child, and you should be aware that the teacher will not just have to, and he is not obliged, to solve the problems that were provoked in your family circle. Therefore, your task is to find an approach to an adult, to explain to the teacher that you are actively engaged in solving the problem of the child's hyperactivity and ask the teacher for help, but do not demand it. If mutual understanding with teachers is reached, then they will also be able to contribute to the elimination of the “symptom of lack of attention” of your child. What is required of them:

  • Show the way to achieve a specific result and motivate the child to achieve it.
  • Provoke positive reactions from peers to the child, at the time of his success.
  • Try to involve the child in games where collective participation is required.

Sports and the hyperactive child

Some sports are extremely undesirable for hyperactive children - those in which there is a spirit of competition, or demonstration performances. Monotonous, steady workouts such as swimming, cross-country skiing, walking, jogging, cycling, etc. are suitable to reduce the symptom.
Before choosing a sport, go through a medical examination to exclude diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Exercises to relax the muscles of the body.
In hyperactive children, the muscles of the body are in constant tension, so it is extremely important to teach the child to relax.

Here are some exercises you can do with your child:

  1. Take three to four deep breaths in and out.
  2. Gently move your eyes in one direction and the other.
  3. Concentrate your gaze on one object, after a while slowly move it to a nearby object.
  4. Frown the muscles around the eyes, and then relax.
  5. Yawn wide.
  6. Relax your neck muscles - slowly shaking your head, and then make a few smooth circular movements.
  7. Raise and lower your shoulders several times.
  8. Clench and then unclench your fists.
  9. Twist your wrists.
  10. Roll your feet and relax your ankles.

All movements must be done slowly in a monotonous rhythm. Turn on slow music. Singing can also help you relax. Choose your favorite songs and sing along with your child.

Emergency reactions

Until your efforts bring the desired results, the child may experience frequent emotional outbursts. How should one react to them?

  • If the child is naughty, ask a question that he did not expect to hear in this moment, divert his attention from the whim.
  • If he does not obey your instructions, repeat them several times in a calm monotone voice.
  • If he actively attracts attention with some annoying request, let him speak, and only then give your arguments. Otherwise, the child may not hear you.
  • If the situation is completely critical and the child is hysterical, take him to a separate room and leave him alone for a short time. Do it calmly without strain. Give him time to calm down and process what happened.
  • In cases where the child behaves inappropriately, try to capture this moment (take a picture of it). When the child calms down, show him the photo and discuss this situation - how he looks from the outside.

Family psychologist - Natalia Teplova