Names of natural phenomena. Amazing Natural Phenomena and Phenomena Why Natural Phenomena Happen

20. Lunar rainbow.

We are almost used to the usual rainbow. A lunar rainbow is much rarer than a rainbow seen in daylight. A lunar rainbow can only appear in places with high humidity and only when the moon is almost full. Pictured is a moonlit rainbow at Cumberland Falls in Kentucky.

19. Mirages

Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder. We all know the reason for the appearance of most mirages - superheated air changes its optical properties, causing light irregularities called mirages.

Usually halos occur at high humidity or severe frost - before the halo was considered a phenomenon from above, and people expected something unusual.

17. Belt of Venus

An interesting optical phenomenon that occurs when the atmosphere is dusty is an unusual "belt" between the sky and the horizon.

16. Pearl clouds

Unusually high clouds (about 10-12 km), becoming visible at sunset.

15. Northern lights.

Appears when high-energy elementary particles collide with the Earth's ionosphere.

14. Colored Moon

When the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the Moon sometimes looks colored. The red moon is especially unusual.

13. Biconvex clouds

An extremely rare phenomenon that appears mainly before a hurricane. Opened just 30 years ago. Also called Mammatus clouds.

12. The fires of St. Elmo.

A fairly common phenomenon caused by increased electric field strength before a thunderstorm, during a thunderstorm, and immediately after. The first witnesses of this phenomenon were sailors who observed the fires of St. Elmo on masts and other vertical pointed objects.

11. Fire whirlwinds.

Often formed during fires - they can also occur over burning haystacks.

10. Mushroom clouds.

They also form over places with elevated temperatures - over forest fires, for example.

9. Light pillars.

The nature of these phenomena is similar to the conditions that cause the appearance of a halo.

8. Diamond dust.

Frozen water droplets that scatter the light of the sun.

7. Fish, frog and other rains.

One of the hypotheses explaining the appearance of such rains is a tornado that sucks out nearby water bodies and carries their contents over long distances.

A phenomenon that occurs when ice crystals fall out of clouds that do not reach the surface of the earth, evaporating along the road.

Hurricane winds with many names. Occur when air masses move from the upper layers to the lower ones.

4. Fire rainbow.

Occurs when the sun's rays pass through high clouds.

3. Green beam.

An extremely rare phenomenon that occurs at sunset or sunrise.

2. Ball lightning.

There are many hypotheses explaining the origin of these phenomena, but none has yet been proven.

1. Optical flares and jets

Discovered only recently due to their short existence (less than a second). Occurs when hurricanes appear.

Changes are constantly taking place in nature and weather, sometimes it snows, sometimes it rains, sometimes the sun bakes, sometimes clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, its natural and weather phenomena are characteristic. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice begins to drift on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, and the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena occur in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when warm air is displaced and lifted by cold fronts.

Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can range in size from a tiny pea to chicken egg, then it can even break through the glass of the car!

These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.

Flowering is a spring phenomenon of wildlife. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. In summer, the longest day and the most short night in a year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:

Rain. In the air, water vapor is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. Low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weighting of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Thunderstorms often accompany summer rain. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it appears as a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, optical distortion occurs, which consists in the deviation of different colors, White color breaks down into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.

In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in autumn, exposing their bark and branches, in preparation for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn to frost.

Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, hoarfrost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter the most long nights and the shortest days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So the water is transferred to long distance, the water cycle is ensured in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare unusual phenomena nature, such as the northern lights, fireballs, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, alarm, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

The materials have been prepared for a lesson on the subject of the World around us in grade 2, the Perspective and School of Russia (Pleshakov) programs, but will be useful to any primary school teacher, and parents of preschoolers and younger students in home schooling.

natural phenomena are ordinary and sometimes supernatural meteorological and climatic phenomena that occur naturally in all parts of the world. They can be the simplest for many, like rain or snow, or they can be devastating and incredible, like an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. However, even they may not be very important to people if they pass by and do almost no damage. Otherwise, the natural phenomenon is awarded the "title" of a natural disaster.

Natural phenomena began to be explored many centuries ago. Although, perhaps, their study began from ancient times. For example, in the 17th century, the naturalist Gilbert managed to prove that the Earth is a large magnet with its poles, and in the 18th century, B. Franklin discovered atmospheric electricity.
However, to this day little is known about natural phenomena. Scientists in many countries are studying them to predict the occurrence and prevent their possible occurrence.

The polar (northern) lights are one of the most beautiful optical phenomena in the world, which can be observed only at high latitudes, not far from the poles. Auroras are usually bluish-white, and only in exceptional cases can multicolored auroras be observed. Auroras arise as a result of the bombardment of the upper atmosphere by charged particles moving towards the Earth along the geomagnetic field lines from the region of near-Earth outer space. The northern lights can last from several hours to several days and are striking in their extraordinary beauty.

Lightning and fireballs. Any lightning is an electric current, which, depending on the conditions, can take various forms. Particularly amazing are ball lightning, which used to be called fireballs. The nature of the occurrence of ball lightning is still not exactly known. Sometimes they were observed even inside houses and planes. The behavior of ball lightning has also not been studied. Ball lightning can be fiery red, orange or yellow and float in the air for a few seconds until it disappears. Lightning is always accompanied by thunder and a bright flash of light and is most often observed during a thunderstorm. Each of us has repeatedly seen the usual, so-called linear lightning. But ball lightning is a rather rare phenomenon. In nature, for about a thousand ordinary, linear lightning, there are only 2-3 ball lightning.

Blue moon. We are all used to seeing an ordinary moon, but sometimes when the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the moon looks painted in different colors. The blue and red moons are especially unusual. The blue moon is such a rare natural phenomenon that the English even have a saying "once upon a blue moon", which means about the same as ours "after rain on Thursday." The blue moon appears from the ashes and burning. For example, when forests burned in Canada, the moon was blue for a whole week.

"Fiery" rain (star rain). In fact, not stars fall from the sky, but meteorites, which, entering the earth's atmosphere, heat up and burn out. In this case, a flash of light occurs, which is visible at a fairly large distance from the surface of the Earth. Most often, a meteor shower of high intensity (up to a thousand meteors per hour) is called a stellar or meteor shower. A meteor shower consists of meteors that burn up in the atmosphere and do not reach the earth, while a meteor shower consists of meteorites that fall to the ground. Previously, they did not distinguish the first from the second, and both of these phenomena were called "rain of fire." Interesting fact: every year from fragments of meteorites and cosmic dust, the mass of the Earth increases by an average of 5 million tons.

Mirages. Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder.

The most dangerous natural phenomena: Top 10

We all know the reason for the appearance of most mirages - superheated air changes its optical properties, causing light inhomogeneities called mirages. A mirage is a phenomenon that has long been explained by science, but continues to amaze the imagination of people. The optical effect is based on a special distribution of air density along the vertical. Under certain conditions, this leads to the appearance of virtual images near the horizon. However, you instantly forget all these boring explanations when you yourself become a witness of a miracle that is born before your eyes.

Mudflow (Arabic - "stormy stream") is a mass flow with a high concentration of mineral particles, rock fragments, stones. This mass is a cross between a liquid and a solid mass. These flows arise suddenly, usually in areas of dry meadows and small basins. mountain rivers, although most often in the mountains during heavy and heavy rain.

Mudflows can be caused by:
1) Heavy rainfall.
2) Melting of glaciers or snow cover.
3) Deforestation in highlands(tree roots hold back the soil of the mountainous area, thereby preventing the occurrence of mudflows), which is closely related to the two previous reasons.

A potential mudflow source is mudflow basins or mudflow channels with a large amount of crumbly material and the conditions of its accumulation, turning into active mudflows as a result of the occurrence of certain flooding conditions (rainstorms, glaciers, etc.). That is, if it is simpler to explain, dangerous mudflow areas are those whose streams, with a sudden appearance of a large amount of water, begin to carry with them various fragments of trees, stones, debris and / or other things.

Tsunamis are long waves generated by a powerful impact on the entire water column in the ocean or other body of water. The majority of tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, during which there is a sharp displacement (raising or lowering) of a section of the seabed. Tsunamis are formed during an earthquake of any strength, but those that arise due to strong earthquakes (with a magnitude of more than 7) reach a large force. As a result of an earthquake, several waves propagate. The first scientific description of the phenomenon was given by José de Acosta in 1586 in Lima, Peru, after a powerful earthquake, then a tsunami 25 meters high burst onto land at a distance of 10 km.

One of the most unusual celestial anomalies, which has become the subject of discussion and debate by many scientists, is the Asperatus clouds. Sometimes they take on a shape that resembles a crumpled piece of paper, whipped cream, or swirling "horns". For such a frightening and unusual appearance, they were given the nickname "devil clouds".

For the first time these gloomy and mysterious clouds were seen in 1953. Previously, there was no information about their existence, so people did not know what to prepare for. Some considered them an omen of the apocalypse, others expected the invasion of terrible hurricanes and tornadoes. But nothing of the kind happened - the clouds dispersed on their own, without rain, noise and dust.

Soon the devilish clouds began to appear in different corners planets, so scientists started talking about them seriously. The phenomenon existed, but there was no explanation for it. In addition, there was not even any scientific name, but only what the eyewitnesses came up with. Because of their uneven shape, it was decided to give the name "Undulatus asperatus", which means "wavy-rough" in translation.
Now scientists are faced with a new task - to determine the cause of the appearance of devilish clouds. So far it has been possible to establish only that they contain a lot of moisture.

The fires of St. Elmo are a mysterious, very beautiful and at the same time frightening natural phenomenon, which is nothing more than an electric glow. It can occur on the sharp ends of masts or ship yards, towers, cliff tops or tall trees when there is a strong electric field in the atmosphere.

Scientists have found their explanation for the fires of St. Elmo. In science, they are known as point or corona discharge. It arises in an electric field with a sharp inhomogeneity. The role of electrodes in this case is performed by pointed objects. Elmo's lights can look different: like fireworks, like a dancing flame, or like a calm flickering glow. In most cases, eyewitnesses describe them as white and blue lights, but there were also bright scarlet "instances". They do not cause fire, do not burn and disappear, basically, a minute after the appearance. Often, the glow is accompanied by a hiss or crackle, reminiscent of the sound of burning brushwood or grass.

The earth is fraught with many unusual and sometimes inexplicable phenomena, and from time to time throughout the territory the globe there are various kinds of phenomena and even cataclysms, most of which can hardly be called ordinary and familiar to humans. Some cases have quite understandable reasons, but there are also those that even experienced scientists cannot explain for many decades in a row. True, this kind natural disasters do not happen often, only a few times during the year, but, nevertheless, the fear of them in humanity does not disappear, but, on the contrary, grows.

The most dangerous natural phenomena

These include the following types of disasters:

earthquakes

This is a dangerous natural phenomenon in the ranking of the most dangerous natural anomalies. Ground tremors of the earth's surface, arising in places of ruptures of the earth's crust, provoke vibrations that turn into seismic waves of considerable power. They are transmitted over considerable distances, but they become strongest near the immediate focus of shocks and provoke large-scale destruction of houses and buildings. Since there are a lot of buildings on the planet, the number of victims goes into the millions. For all time, much more people in the world have suffered from earthquakes than from other cataclysms. Only in the last ten years from them in different countries more than 700,000 people died in the world. Sometimes the tremors reached such force that entire settlements were destroyed in an instant.

Tsunami waves

Tsunamis are natural disasters that cause a lot of destruction and death. The huge height and strength of the waves that arise in the ocean, or in other words, tsunamis, are the result of earthquakes. These giant waves usually occur in areas where seismic activity is significantly increased. A tsunami moves very fast, and as soon as it gets aground, it begins to grow rapidly in length. As soon as this huge fast wave reaches the shore, in a matter of minutes it is able to demolish everything in its path. The destruction caused by a tsunami is usually large-scale, and people who are taken by surprise by the cataclysm often do not have time to escape.

Ball lightning

Lightning and thunder are familiar things, but such a type as ball lightning is one of the most terrible phenomena of nature. Ball lightning is a powerful electric discharge of current, and it can take on absolutely any shape. Usually this type of lightning looks like luminous balls, most often reddish or yellow. It is curious that these lightnings completely defy all the laws of mechanics, appearing out of nowhere, usually before a thunderstorm, inside houses, on the street, or even in the cockpit of an aircraft that is making a flight. Ball-shaped lightning hovers in the air, and does it very unpredictably: for a few moments, then it becomes smaller, and then completely disappears. It is strictly forbidden to touch ball lightning, it is also undesirable to move when meeting with it.

Tornadoes

This natural anomaly also belongs to the most terrible natural phenomena. Usually a tornado is called an air stream that twists into a kind of funnel. Outwardly, it looks like a columnar cloud of a conical shape, inside which air moves in a circle. All objects that fall into the tornado zone also begin to move. The speed of the air flow inside this funnel is so huge that it can easily lift into the air very heavy objects weighing several tons and even houses.

sandstorms

This type of storm occurs in deserts due to strong winds. Dust and sand, and sometimes particles of soil carried by the wind, can reach several meters in height, and in the area where the storm has broken out, there will be a sharp deterioration in visibility. Travelers, caught in such a storm, risk dying, because the sand gets into the lungs and eyes.

Blood rains

This unusual natural phenomenon owes its threatening name to a strong water tornado that sucked red algae spores out of the water in reservoirs. When they mix with the water masses of the tornado, the rain takes on a terrible red hue, very reminiscent of blood. This anomaly was observed by the inhabitants of India for several weeks in a row, the rain of the color of human blood caused fear and panic in people.

fire tornadoes

Natural phenomena and natural disasters are most often unpredictable. These include one of the most terrible - a fiery tornado. This type of tornado is already dangerous, but , if it occurs in a fire zone, it should be feared even more. Near several fires, when a strong wind occurs, the air above the fires begins to heat up, its density becomes less, and it begins to rise along with the fire. At the same time, the air flows twist into a kind of spiral, and the air pressure acquires tremendous speed.

The fact that the most terrible natural phenomena are poorly predicted. Often they come suddenly, catching people and authorities by surprise. Scientists are working to create advanced technologies that can predict upcoming events. Today, the only guaranteed way to avoid the "whims" of the weather is only to move to areas where such phenomena are observed as rarely as possible or have not been recorded before.

What are natural phenomena? What are they? You will find answers to these questions in this article. The material can be useful both for preparing for the lesson the world and for general development.

Everything that surrounds us is not created human hands, is nature.

All changes occurring in nature are called phenomena of nature or natural phenomena. The rotation of the Earth, its movement in its orbit, the change of day and night, the change of seasons are examples of natural phenomena.

The seasons are also called seasons. Therefore, natural phenomena associated with the change of seasons are called seasonal phenomena.

Nature, as you know, is inanimate and alive.

To inanimate nature refers to: Sun, stars, celestial bodies, air, water, clouds, stones, minerals, soil, precipitation, mountains.

Wildlife includes plants (trees), fungi, animals (animals, fish, birds, insects), microbes, bacteria, humans.

In this article, we will consider winter, spring, summer and autumn natural phenomena in animate and inanimate nature.

Winter natural phenomena

Spring natural phenomena

Summer natural phenomena

Autumn natural phenomena

Unusual natural phenomena

What natural phenomena still exist? In addition to the seasonal natural phenomena described above, there are several more that are not associated with any time of the year.

• Floodcom called a short-term sudden rise in the water level in the river. This sharp rise may be the result of heavy rains, the melting of a large amount of snow, the discharge of an impressive volume of water from the reservoir, and the descent of glaciers.
• Northern lights- the glow of the upper layers of the atmospheres of planets with a magnetosphere, due to their interaction with charged particles of the solar wind.
• Ball lightning- a rare natural phenomenon that looks like a luminous and floating formation in the air.
• Mirage- an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere: the refraction of light streams at the boundary between layers of air that are sharply different in density and temperature.
• « Shooting star"- an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere
• Hurricane- extremely fast and strong, often of great destructive power and considerable duration, air movement
• Tornado- an ascending whirlwind of extremely rapidly rotating air in the form of a funnel of great destructive power, in which moisture, sand and other suspensions are present.
• Ebb and flow- these are changes in the water level of the sea elements and the World Ocean.
• Tsunami- long and high waves generated by a powerful impact on the entire water column in the ocean or other body of water.
• Earthquake- are tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface. The most dangerous of them arise due to tectonic displacements and ruptures in the earth's crust or the upper part of the Earth's mantle.
• Tornado- an atmospheric vortex that occurs in a cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud and spreads down, often to the very surface of the earth, in the form of a cloud sleeve or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters
• Eruption- the process of ejection by a volcano on earth's surface red-hot debris, ash, an outpouring of magma, which, having poured onto the surface, becomes lava.
• floods- flooding of the territory of the earth with water, which is a natural disaster.