How to purify tap water. What are you really drinking? How to purify water at home. How to get melt water? Very simple

Water purity is not only global problem of our planet, but also an everyday task that every person solves (or does not solve) for himself every day. We drink water every day (in its pure form or with food).

And therefore, whether it is necessary to purify tap water is far from an idle question. And although now in any hardware store you can see a huge assortment of different types of household filters from dozens of brands, which one is good - according to appearance difficult to understand.

In fact, it is much easier to choose a smartphone or a car. First, both smartphones and cars have clearly measurable specifications for which some models are easily compared with others. With filters, everything is more complicated - how to compare pitchers? By what parameters other than volume? Secondly, the Internet is full of reviews of cars and collections of gadgets.

But there are practically no studies and tests that allow you to compare household types of filters or distinguish one brand from another. Either because before we did not attach such importance to the purity of water, or why else. But now, for the most part, when choosing water filters, people do not rely on facts, figures and research, but on their own instinct (often deceiving), on advertising and brand promotion.

At the same time, often being in captivity of the illusion: "Foreign means the best." But practice, nevertheless, destroys harmonious advertising appeals and promises. Moreover, many of the advertised filters do not completely purify the water.

A little theory about clean water

The thing is that "communal" water not only runs through old worn out pipes. There could be a long description of the technologies that are used to treat water in the municipal water supply, but it's pretty boring. Therefore, in short: the water utility removes large particles of dirt from the water, kills bacteria with chlorine or ozone (in Russia, in 99% of cases it is chlorine).

Toxic organic matter passes all these filters without any problems and does not go anywhere. In addition, moving through municipal pipes, water absorbs rust, heavy metals and other dirt from them - and often ends up in our sinks. hard and tasteless. And, sometimes, not very useful, because, for example, in the process of passing through pipes, chlorine forms organochlorine substances. The remains of aluminum also do not decorate life. But these are forced measures of municipal water treatment, it is impossible to do without them.

Therefore, many conscious people clean up the water. Someone buys bottled water, which is not bad, but still there is no one hundred percent certainty that this water is pure (who knows whether it is actually drawn from a well or from a tap in a garage?). And someone buys and installs home filters based on their needs and budget.

Filters: what is on the market and what you need

There are three most common types of household water filters.

The first, most common type is pitcher filters: an ordinary pitcher for 2-4 liters of water, which can be used even at home, even in the country, and change the removable cartridge in it every 2-3 months. The easiest and most budget option: a jug costs 500-1,000 rubles.

Often, when buying, the first cartridge comes with a jug. And then, about once every 1.5 -2 months, you need to buy a new cartridge - this is still somewhere around 200-300 rubles.

But the filter jug, for the most part, cannot “change” the hardness of the water and certainly does not remove viruses and bacteria - it is still recommended to boil the water. However, from dirt, rust, heavy metal ions, pesticides and toxins, he, of course, must purify the water.

The second type is stationary flow filters: these are systems that are installed under the sink and connected to the water supply. Clean water is discharged through a separate faucet. A flow-through sorption filter will not filter water from viruses, but it will cope well with rust and most organic pollutants.

Some flow filters (but not all!) soften the water. But there are also disadvantages: in the presence of very hard water, the softening module of such filters will have to be changed quite often. The specific frequency depends on the hardness of the water, and can range from 3 months to 1 year or 200-300 liters of water spilled through them.

The third type - reverse osmosis filters - are the most advanced, because they purify water by 100% from rust, toxins, bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides and even viruses! It is clear that this is the most expensive, but also the most effective type of filter. The system is also installed under the sink, but it has decent dimensions, because it is difficult to work. Water under pressure enters the system: it is taken from the water supply, where there must be a pressure of at least 3 atmospheres.

Getting to the preliminary cleaning, the water is first "cleaned" from the largest fractions of dirt, like the same rust. Then - filtering in the following modules, each of which cleans at an increasingly fine level. The decisive module is a reverse osmosis membrane twisted into a roll. Passing through it under pressure, the water is cleaned of any contaminants (even small viruses) and drained into a storage tank.

As is clear from the process, water purification here is quite lengthy, which is why you need a storage tank for clean water (and this is extra space in your kitchen).

Size comparison of reverse osmosis systems

And there is another important technical "chip" that is worth remembering when choosing a particular filter. That very special membrane is cleaned of the dirt remaining on it - also with water from the water supply system, which is called drainage. This drainage water then goes to the sewer, and its consumption for the production of 1 liter of clean water is the money that you will pay at the rate.

Therefore, if you choose a reverse osmosis filter, be sure to look at the drainage water flow rate. AT good filter 1 liter of clean water takes up to 4 liters of drainage water. In not very good - up to 8-10 liters.

Let's move on to testing

If in appearance all devices look almost the same, then how to understand which one is really good and purifies water the best way? How to understand that you spent 500-1,000 rubles on a jug (and once every 1-2 months you spend another 200-300 rubles on replaceable filter cartridges), which in fact will not pour incompletely purified water into your kettle?

You can order a water test. It is possible to make measurements of water quality with special devices. You can read a review on the Internet - but there are practically none there. What to do then?

There are several simple and absolutely “homemade” ways to visually see the abilities of the same filter jugs. A couple of such tests that you can quickly do at home, we will describe right now. The experiment involves filter jars of the three most popular brands in our country.

Test for water filtration from methylene blue, similar in structure to pesticides and toxins

The first test is the easiest. It will require a solution of "Methylene blue", which costs a maximum of 50 rubles and is sold at any pet store. Usually fish lovers use it to disinfect aquariums. Methylene blue is very similar in structure to some pesticides and toxins - only it has a pronounced blue color.

And if the water that has passed through the filter is blue or blue, it is clear that such a jug does not completely remove the same pesticides and toxins from the water, or removes it weakly.

Such a simple "blue" test of water in jugs shows: only Aquaphor, ONE OF THREE jugs, fully copes with the task of purifying water from pesticides and toxins - the water in its case is colorless. The other two show a radical blue color. It is not difficult to draw conclusions: in fact, water from two “blue” filters may not be useful at all.

The second test is a little more difficult, because it will require you to make a solution with 300 times the maximum allowable concentration of iron in water. The purpose of the test is to see how the jugs may or may not leak rusty water. Accordingly, the more yellow water we get at the exit, the less faith in the effectiveness of a particular jug. And no peppy advertising will save.

Rust Water Filtration Test

The results, again, are obvious: the cleaning of the same Aquaphor jug, which showed the best results with methylene blue, is obvious here in comparison with a competitor. Of course, in ordinary tap water, there is still no 300-fold excess of iron content. But it is difficult to dispute the fact that Aquaphor cleans better.

By the way, these and other simple and uncomplicated experiments that allow you to evaluate the quality of home filters can be the smallest details read through this link.
Thanks to the enthusiastic chemist who decided to test all the filters for their real abilities, and posted his experiments and the methodology for their implementation on the net. In principle, this is the first full-fledged review of water filters in Runet - certainly no worse than any detailed review smartphone.

So, why is Aquaphor more effective?

To be completely honest, the technologies of most manufacturers of household water filtration systems have not progressed much over the past 30 years. In pitcher filters, as a rule, the same classic sorbent is used: activated carbon and ion exchange resin.

Their combination is able to remove organics, oil products, chlorine, heavy metals. But there is a nuance. Water tends to form channels. Passing through the sorbent, it quickly forms "loopholes", channels between the granules of coal and resin. And it flies through such channels, practically uncleaned, with a whistle straight into our mug.

And now the Russian chemists from Aquaphor really took care of this problem - and finally solved it! They developed and patented a special fiber Aqualen-2. Firstly, it well removes heavy metal ions from water and does not allow active silver ions to be washed out of the sorbent, which kill many (but not all) bacteria.

Secondly, and more importantly, Aqualen-2 binds the granules with coconut charcoal and ion-exchange resin into a single composite - so that the sorbent itself keeps its structure and shape. And water can't punch channels in it. It is simply forced to be cleaned thanks to the “Aqualene Coupling” of the sorbent granules. Which, by the way, are 1.5-2 times smaller than those of competitors. Which is also good, because the finer and more homogeneous the composition of the sorbent, the higher its cleaning properties.

So that all this does not look unfounded, you can simply look at the results of a real opening of cleaning cartridges from the same material on Habré. The insides of filters that don't perform well in the methylene blue and rust tests look like heaps. And the Aquaphor sorbent looks like a fine cake (holds its shape), and the fibers of Aqualen-2 are clearly visible in the photo.

And it is also clearly visible where Aquaphor retained the blue - in the very top of the filter (this is the upper part of the filter cartridge), i.e., on the farthest approaches to cleanliness. And therefore, it is almost safe (with a slight fear that one of the mentioned manufacturers will want to hit on the head) to declare: filters with the letter “B” in experiments have shown the NOT ability to make absolutely clean and harmless from dirty and actually toxic water.

So, buying such a filter for your home means only one thing: before the filter, you drank chlorinated untreated water, and with such filters you will continue to drink it. Although with a lower concentration of rubbish. Just spend money on an advertised brand.

Replaceable modules after opening

Aquaphor and other types of filters

If Aquaphor uses revolutionary cleaning solutions in a simple filter jug, then what about the capabilities of more expensive and complex filters?

In the case of the Russian manufacturer Aquaphor, there are unique developments, of course, there are more complex water filtration systems. Thanks to its own research institute (by the way, the largest of its kind in Europe!), the company has been one of the world leaders in innovation and development of water treatment systems for 26 years.

More than 100 chemists, engineers, technologists and developers work in this domestic research institute. Throughout the company's history in Scientific research and development, tens of millions of dollars have been invested, and Aquaphor supplies its filters to 44 countries of the world. Aquaphor also supplies filters to manufacturers of bottled water and produces filters for retail sale under other brands: for example, Aro filters (the network's own brand) produced by Aquaphor are sold in the METRO Cash & Carry network.

There is, for example, the Aquaphor Morion reverse osmosis filter, which not only 100% purifies water from all pollutants, including viruses. In the history of reverse osmosis, it is not so much the coolness of the filter that is important anymore - reverse osmosis filters of almost all brands are really very good. Consumer properties are also extremely important, as mentioned above.

• Dimensions. At Aquaphor Morion, they are significantly less than those of competitors. Because the developers figured out how to put a 5-liter tank into the system itself (and not outside, like other brands), which made the filter almost twice as compact.
• Economy. The same drainage water consumption at Aquaphor is 1.5-2 times lower than that of competitors: 2-3 liters versus 4-5.
• Performance. "Aquaphor Morion" cleans about 8 liters per hour, and competitors - 5-7. At the same time, for the normal operation of Aquaphor, a pressure of 2 atmospheres is enough. Analogues need from 3 atmospheres, which is not always achievable in typical old houses.

All this became possible thanks to another unique development of Aquaphor - a water-to-water storage tank. The fact is that usually in a reverse osmosis filter, when the tank is completely filled with water, 1/3 of its capacity remains empty (there is air). That's why regular tank pretty big.

Water is an essential part human body. It is necessary to consume it, but the main thing is that it be clean. Therefore, mankind has been invented various systems filtration. However, you can filter it in simple ways using improvised means. These methods can help you save cash, which are usually spent on the replacement and installation of various cartridges and filtration systems.

Filtering methods

First of all, it is necessary to consider the ways in which water can be filtered. They are simple and accessible to everyone and are options for physical impact, in addition, they do not require the use of filters. However, they have not only advantages, but also disadvantages. So, these methods include:

1. boiling;
2. upholding;
3. freezing.

During the boiling process, the high temperature affects the tap liquid and sterilizes it. The main advantage of such exposure is that at this moment the death of all pathogenic microorganisms occurs. It should be noted that boiling should occur for fifteen minutes with the lid open. In this case, the water will be really clean, and harmful impurities will evaporate. However, with such an impact, the liquid becomes “dead” and no longer bears any benefit to the body. In addition, chlorine is still present in such water, changing and turning into another compound, which is even more dangerous.

In addition, you can use another simple method - settling. You should pour water into a container and defend it for eight hours. This method allows you to purify water from chlorine. and some other harmful compounds. However, some heavy metals still remain, settling at the bottom. You can eliminate them by pouring the liquid into another container, only at the same time it should not be stirred and shaken. About a quarter of the contents should be left at the bottom.

You can also use freezing. Currently, this method is considered the most effective among simple methods of physical impact on the liquid. Pour the required amount of water into the container and place in the freezer. Then it is necessary to ensure that not all the liquid freezes, but only half, and drain it - all harmful substances and salts remain in it. Next, you need to melt the frozen liquid - and you can drink it. It is considered healing.

If you choose how to purify water at home from these simple methods, then it is better to give preference to the latter, because only in this case you can control the quality of the product. The fact is that water, in which there is a large amount of mineral salts, freezes rather slowly. That's why, if there is no quality filter, then it is better to choose a similar technique.

Chemical Methods

If you are interested in how to filter water at home in other ways, then there are also some chemical methods. , which can also be used. These include:

1. Activated carbon;
2. silver;
3. silicon;
4. table salt;
5. shungite.

Table salt is used in the following way: take two liters of liquid from the tap. It should dissolve a tablespoon with a slide of salt. The solution should be insisted for about twenty minutes, after which you can drink. This method allows you to eliminate salts of heavy metals and harmful microbes, but it is often impossible to use it.

You can also clean the liquid with pharmaceutical silicon. It is best to buy it in a pharmacy. First, this component should be washed under running water, which should be slightly warm. The ingredient is then placed in the liquid. Calculate as follows: 3 grams of silicon are taken per 1 liter of water. You should cover the container with gauze and place it in a bright place, but at the same time make sure that direct sunlight does not fall on it. Cleansing will be completed in 2-3 days. Before use, pour the liquid into another jar, leaving a sediment of about 3 centimeters at the bottom.

In addition to silicon, there is another stone that allows cleaning - this is shungite. The method is similar to the previous one, only a stone is taken per liter, which weighs about 100 grams. Insist for three days, then drained, leaving a small residue at the bottom. After some time, such a filter needs to be cleaned or replaced with a new one.

Activated charcoal cleans well. It helps eliminate unpleasant odors and absorbs harmful substances that can get from the surface of the pipes. To do this, several tablets of coal are wrapped in gauze (taken at the rate of 1 tablet per liter of liquid) and lowered into it overnight.

Another simple and effective way is to use silver. For cleansing, you need to put some silver thing in water and leave it like that for ten hours.

Folk remedies

There are also folk remedies that can help clear the liquid. However, one point should be taken into account: the effectiveness of such methods will depend on how high-quality components are used. So, you can use the following folk remedies:

Attention, only TODAY!

For owners of country houses, the issue of water purification is especially relevant. With centralized water supply, it is subjected to multi-stage filtration, as a result of which it is cleared of bacteria, salts of heavy metals and other dangerous impurities. In an individual residential building, all the worries about ensuring that the water extracted from the well is harmless fall on the shoulders of the owner.

From this article you will learn:

How is it possible to filter water in the house with your own hands

What is professional system water filtration for home

Where does the design of such a system begin?

What affects the efficiency of a home water filtration system

What are the features of water filtration for a private house

Usually the water in a private house comes from an artesian well or well. Many people think that since the source is deep underground, the water goes through natural filtration and the output is crystal clear and healthy. This is far from true. And it's not even that it may contain sand or particles of silt. The greatest danger cannot simply be seen. These are bacteria and many different toxic substances. According to the minerals it contains, water also does not always meet safety standards. Usually, the norms of the content of iron, calcium, fluorine and magnesium are significantly exceeded. In small doses, they are necessary for a person, and in high concentrations they are very dangerous for the body. Calcium contributes to the formation of scale on the heating elements of dishwashers and washing machines, as well as water heaters, which eventually leads to breakdowns. Too much iron in the water causes rusty stains to form on clean laundry.

Before proceeding with the choice of a water filtration system in a private house, the price of which is quite high, it is worth giving a sample of the liquid for analysis. As a result, it will set chemical composition water in your home, its compliance sanitary standards, the presence of various impurities, excess iron, magnesium and calcium. You can apply for this service in one of the many laboratories. This information will help you choose a water purification system that is most suitable for your conditions.

Among the common problems that have to be solved when filtering water at home, the following can be distinguished:

Water hardness is much higher than normal, i.e. it contains a lot of magnesium and calcium salts;

High percentage of iron;

Mechanical pollution - silt and sand;

The presence of bacteria

Industrial pollution if the house is located near a busy highway.

How is it possible to filter water in a private house with your own hands

Boiling

The most elementary way to filter water at home is considered to be her boiling. Under the influence of high temperature, it is sterilized - viruses and microorganisms die. To be completely sure of the effectiveness of this filtration method, water should be boiled for at least 15 minutes. In this case, it is not necessary to cover the pan with a lid. This is necessary to destroy all harmful compounds.

There are many downsides to this method:

Boiling does not rid the water of chlorine compounds. Moreover, they take especially dangerous forms that contribute to the emergence of cancer.

The salts crystallize and coat the walls of the pot in which the boiling takes place.

Boiled water becomes lifeless, it is not dangerous for the body, but you should not expect any benefit from it either.

settling

Settling has long been considered another way to filter water at home, which does not require the use of any devices. You just need to pour it into a wide bowl and leave it for at least eight hours. This time is enough for chlorine and other volatile impurities to evaporate. If the water is stirred from time to time, the process will go faster. However, this method does not work against salts of heavy metals, they will remain in the water, partially settling to the bottom. Therefore, it is recommended that a third of the water remaining at the bottom should not be used for food.

The use of table salt

Another proven method of filtering water at home is the use of salt. A tablespoon with a slide of table salt is added to two liters of liquid, mixed and left for half an hour. This helps to purify the water from pathogens and harmful salts of heavy metals.

Freeze

Bacteria can be killed not only by high, but also low temperatures, so freezing water is another common filtration method used at home. A container of water, plastic or metal, but not glass, is placed in the freezer. We must not forget that water, turning into ice, increases in volume, so you should not fill the container completely.

This method of purification is based on the property of pure water to freeze faster than that saturated with salts. It is important not to miss the moment when half of the water turns into ice. It is necessary to pour out the part that remains liquid, as it contains all the harmful impurities. Wait for the ice to melt. This water is the purest and very healthy.

Silicon use

Filtering home water using silicon is not as common as other methods. A small washed piece of silicon is placed in a jar and poured cold water. The container is placed at home in a bright place, but not under direct sunlight, and covered with a clean cloth. In a couple of days, the water will clear and be ready for drinking. 1 liter should account for 3 to 10 g of silicon. Water from the bottom must also be poured out, since all harmful substances are concentrated in it.

The use of shungite

Among the innovations in simple ways filtration of water at home, we can mention the use of shungite. It has the ability to accumulate harmful impurities and bacteria on its surface, so from time to time the stones must be carefully cleaned using a hard brush.

To prepare shungite water, a large stone (about 100 g) is poured with a liter of water and left for three days. Then the water must be drained and only the upper part should be used, excluding sediment at the bottom.

Unfortunately, such water is not shown to everyone, it can be harmful if a person is prone to thrombosis, he has hyperacidity or have any diseases in the acute period.

Use of activated carbon

Activated carbon can be used to filter house water. It is found in most industrial cleaners. Charcoal will help neutralize possible unpleasant odors, as well as absorb all harmful substances.

You will need one tablet per liter of water. After 8 hours, the water will be completely clean and free from foreign odors.

The use of silver

The ability of silver to free water from viruses, bacteria and toxic chemical compounds has been known to mankind for a very long time. A silver spoon or a coin is placed in the vessel, which is found in the house, and left for the night. The next morning, clean water is ready, and it does not lose its beneficial properties for a long time. Silver water has no equal in its destructive effect on bacteria.

Folk remedies

There are a few folk methods make water at home free of various impurities:

Cleansing with a bunch of rowan. You should lower it for two or three hours into a container, and you will get water of the same crystal purity as after silver or activated carbon.

Willow bark cleansing onion peel, juniper branches and bird cherry leaves also bears fruit when filtering water at home, however, the process will take at least 12 hours.

Cleansing with vinegar, iodine, wine. It is important to observe the proportions here: take 1 teaspoon of vinegar or 3 drops of iodine (5%), or 300 g of young wine per liter of water. The filtration process lasts from two to six hours. These substances do not act on all microbes, and they will not remove chlorine.

Use of magnets

And in the end, we will touch on a method that has many supporters, but its effectiveness is very doubtful. This is home water filtration. magnets. It is proposed to create a magnetic field around a vessel with water, which supposedly miraculously purifies it and gives healing properties. It is even claimed that if you place a magnet on a water pipe, all the water will be instantly purified.

It is clear that this method is powerless against chlorine and bacteria, the most that can be expected is that the smallest particles of iron will be attracted to the magnet, and that is unlikely.

What is a home water filtration system

All the methods of water purification at home, which are described above, can hardly be taken seriously. They require too much trouble, and purified water will not be enough for the needs of even one person, not to mention big family. To provide households with safe and tasty water, you need to think about creating a real water filtration system for your home. The price of such a question is the health and well-being of all family members.

In order for truly clean water to flow from the tap in your cottage, it must go through several stages:

Coarse filter to remove mechanical impurities.

A filter that makes the water softer.

Fine filter (removes nitrates, oil products and heavy metals).

Filter that destroys bacteria and microorganisms.

The complete process of water filtration in a private house from a well consists of the following procedures: mechanical cleaning (all visible dirt is removed), electrochemical cleaning (minerals and iron are removed), catalytic clarification (water is made transparent), sorption cleaning (removes oil products) and biological cleaning (kills microorganisms ).

In order not to be mistaken with the choice of a device for filtering water at home, it is worth familiarizing yourself with exactly how they work. There is various options cleansing:

Rough cleaning. As part of such a filter there is a grid with small cells, on which fragments of silt, sand, and small debris settle.

Aeration. Its action is based on the ability of oxygen to oxidize iron. Manganese and hydrogen sulfide are also removed from the water.

Iron removal. If there is a lot of iron in the water, it is immediately noticeable. The liquid acquires a brown tint, a precipitate forms at the bottom. Filtration occurs as a result of a reaction in which special additives enter with iron dissolved in water. After oxidation, an easily removable precipitate is formed.

Softening. An ion exchange resin is used to make water for the home softer. It makes it possible to replace the calcium and magnesium ions present in the filtered water with sodium ions. Reverse osmosis filters can also make water softer. Only water molecules can pass through their thinnest membranes. All impurities, including microorganisms, settle in the filters.

Fine cleaning. Well water often suffers from the presence of various harmful impurities - nitrates, pesticides, salts of heavy metals. Coarse filters are powerless against them, so another filtering stage is essential. Devices containing sorbents, polymeric filler or fine-mesh membranes are suitable for it.

Disinfection. To rid water of bacteria, viruses and microbes, treatment with UV filters is used. Compared to chlorination, this method is completely safe and does not spoil the taste of water.

Water filtration for the home in myths and facts

Doubts about whether it is worth installing a water filtration system in a private house, the price of which is quite high, are supported by misconceptions that are widespread among the inhabitants. They concern the quality of the water that has passed through the filters and its beneficial properties. There are a lot of opinions on this matter, and often they are diametrically opposed. In order not to suffer in doubt, it is worth knowing the point of view of professionals.

Myth 1. "Filtered water must be prepared before drinking."

Fact: water that has passed through the filtration system meets all sanitary standards imposed on it by regulations. It does not require any additional preparation at home and can be safely used by both adults and children.

Myth 2. "Babies should not be given filtered water."

Myth 3. "Filtration is expensive."

Fact: even the simplest models are suitable for high-quality water filtration in a private house. The price for them can vary from 10 to 50 US dollars. The purest water will cost as a result 10 times cheaper than bottled water.

Myth 4. "Filtered water does not contain minerals."

Fact: Excessive calcium and magnesium content in the filtration process is normalized, this allows you to protect household appliances from scale. The rest of the water retains beneficial features. Passing through the filtration system in the house, it gets rid of only those substances that adversely affect its taste and color. You should not confuse filtered water with distilled water, which really lacks all minerals.

How is a water filtration system designed for a private house

To select the composition of the filters required for a particular house, two types of preliminary studies are required - chemical and biological analyzes. Together, their results will give the most complete picture of the quality of water in the well, its composition and the content of impurities in it.

For the greatest accuracy, the study should be repeated during the flood period. Often, the seasonal rise of groundwater contributes to a sharp deterioration in the quality of the produced fluid. Wells and Abyssinian wells, which have a shallow depth, are most susceptible to this risk. If we make a calculation only for the normal mode of operation, then during the flood all the increased load will fall on the filtration system in a private house. The cost of replacing filters prematurely would then be an unforeseen expense for hosts.

This does not apply to artesian wells. They have a sufficiently large depth, so we can limit ourselves to the analysis of the chemical composition.

The water filtration system for the home, the price of which is affordable for ordinary people, should not only perfectly cope with the task of removing harmful substances, but also provide the required performance. To do this, specialists need to correctly calculate the needs of water consumption for the home. The initial data for designing a water treatment system are:

The type of source from which water is taken for the house (well; sand, artesian or Abyssinian well).

The initial water quality obtained from the analyzes.

Required cleaning quality. Not only drinking water should be filtered, but also that which will be used by household appliances in the house. Of course, in this case, the cleaning will not be as thorough, but such water is more favorable for a long service life of the equipment.

Availability of storage capacity. With its help, even a filtration system with low productivity will be able to provide continuous water supply to the house.

Average daily water consumption.

Required water treatment capacity.

Based on these parameters, the complete set of the water filtration system for the house is determined. The price for it will depend, among other things, on how high the requirements for cleaning are. Experts recommend limiting yourself to main filters in order to provide domestic needs at home. Concerning drinking water, then you need a set of filters that guarantee a complete deep cleaning.

According to the norms established by law and reflected in SNiP 2.04.01-85, the average daily amount of liquid is about 200 liters per person. This includes the total amount of water consumed - both for the shower, and for sewage, and for domestic needs of the whole house. If the filtration of drinking water will be carried out separately, then the demand is calculated separately for this block.

In the photo: water filtration scheme in a private house

There are some factors that are considered necessary for the correct operation of the system, Therefore, when designing it for a particular house, the following points should be considered:

To install filters, it is necessary to provide a heated room so that the system does not freeze (this can be a basement or basement of a house; mini-systems serving only one point of water intake can be placed directly under the sink).

The filtration system must be connected to the sewer to get rid of dirty water remaining after washing its elements.

Water must be supplied to the filtration system under a certain pressure, its value is indicated in the accompanying documentation.

If the treatment system is designed in compliance with all conditions, then any, even heavily polluted water that has passed through it, will be potable and meet the highest requirements.

This task is not easy and requires high level training of professionals in the field of water treatment. Fortunately, there are a large number of companies on the Russian market that can design and install water filtration systems for the home. The price of these services may seem high to someone, and he decides to start creating a water purification system on his own. But a non-specialist has practically no chance to choose the optimal set of filters for the home, and even more so to make a competent installation of the entire system.

We advise you not to save on the health of your loved ones and contact for solving water filtration issues in reliable company, which will perform the entire range of necessary work - from water intake for analysis to the launch of the system in the house. She will also provide filter maintenance.

That is exactly what Biokit is. On our site you can see the widest range of filtration equipment presented, the purpose of which is to make the water flowing from the tap in your home as healthy and tasty as possible.

Biokit specialists will come to the rescue if you:

We decided to connect the water filtration system at home on our own;

Do you want to understand the process of selecting filter materials;

Need replacement materials for your home's filtration system;

Interested in troubleshooting or solving problems with the involvement of specialist installers;

Would you like to receive answers to your important questions over the phone.

Entrust the installation of a Biokit water filtration system and your family will enjoy clean and healthy water!

The ability to filter water will help you in difficult times and avoid possible diseases if you are faced with the issue of survival without clean water. Of course, if you have the opportunity to prepare in advance, you can choose more convenient options for a hike or even take an ordinary household water filter.

Steps

Water filtration while hiking

Consider a physical filter. The "filter pump" may be the cheapest option in this category. However, using it can be slow and tedious. For longer trips, consider a "gravity filter" which is usually a pair of bags connected by a hose. The filter bag is filled with water, then hung to allow the water to flow into the clean bag through the filter in the tube. This is a fast, convenient option that eliminates the need to carry disposable filters.

• These filters do not protect the water from viruses, but they are effective at removing bacteria. Not every wilderness area, especially in the US, is required to protect the water from viruses. Contact your local disease control department or tourist information office for more information about the risks in your area.

1. Learn about chemical disinfection. Tablets are slow acting but cheap and effective remedies for most bacteria and viruses. There are two common types of tablets:

   Try exposure to UV light. Ultraviolet radiation can kill bacteria and viruses, but only with prolonged exposure and provided that the water is clear. Different UV lamps and light pens work differently, so follow the manufacturer's instructions.

   Boil water. Extremely effective method to kill pathogens is to boil water for at least one minute. It may not be very convenient to boil water several times a day. However, if you already boil water for your evening dinner or morning coffee, you won't need additional filtration.

   Use stainless steel water bottles. Plastic bottles intended only for disposable, as plastic can break down over time, releasing even more potentially harmful chemicals into the water. chemical substances and keeping bacteria alive. Even aluminum bottles often have an internal plastic coating and cannot be washed in the dishwasher, making cleaning even more difficult.

   Drink straight from the spring. If you are lucky enough to find a mountain spring in the rocks, it will be safer for you to drink directly from it, but no further than 0.6 m from the source.

   • This is an unsafe rule, since springs located in agricultural regions historical districts mining or in the lowlands near settlements may pose a health risk.

2. Cover the charcoal with pebbles, sand and an extra layer of cloth. If you have more cloth, cover the charcoal tightly so that it doesn't wash out as you fill the top container with water. It is advisable to add small stones and/or sand to clear larger debris and fix the charcoal, whether or not you cover the filter with a second layer of cloth.

   • You can also use grass and leaves if you are sure the plants are not poisonous.

3. Purify the water with a filter. Place the top container with rocks on top and charcoal on the bottom, on top of the bottom container. Fill the upper container with water and watch for water to slowly drip through the filter into the lower container.

   Repeat the process until the water runs clear. Often, to completely remove all particles, you have to filter the water two or three times.

   Boil water if possible. Filtration will help remove most of the toxins and odors, but the filtration process often does not kill bacteria. If you have the opportunity, boil the water for extra cleaning.

   Change the top layer of filter media from time to time. The top layer of sand contains microbes and other impurities that are not safe to drink. After you use the water filter several times, remove the top layer of sand and replace it with a clean one.

Selecting and using a home filter from the store

Find out what the water is contaminated with. If you live in or near a major US city, check out the Environmental Working Group's data. Otherwise, you will have to contact Vodokanal and request information on water quality or contact the local environmental group that deals with water supply issues.

Select a filter type. Once you know which specific chemicals to clean your water from, read the product labels or online for filtration products to find out what contaminants they clean. Alternatively, refer to guides for finding filters or rely on these tips:

• Carbon (or "carbon") filters are widely used and are cheap. They purify water from most organic pollutants, including lead, mercury and asbestos.
• Reverse osmosis filters purify water from inorganic impurities such as arsenic and nitrates. They are extremely inefficient at purifying water, so only use them if you know for sure that the water contains chemical contaminants left over from carbon cleaning.
• De-ionizing filters (or ion exchange filters) remove minerals, making hard water soft. They do not remove impurities.

1. Select the installation type. There are many types of water filters on the market to accommodate various purposes. Here are the most common options for home use:

   • Water filters in the form of a jug. They are suitable for families with low water consumption. You can fill the jug once or twice a day and put it in the refrigerator.
   • Faucet filters are convenient to use if you want to filter water directly from the tap, but they can reduce the intensity of pressure.
   • Countertop or under-sink filters require additional installation. They tend to be more durable and less finicky to maintain.
   • Install a water filter throughout your home if the water is too dirty and dangerous even for swimming.

2. Install the filter according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each filter must be sold complete with instructions for installation and proper operation. In most cases, assembling the filter is quite simple, but if you have any problems with this, contact the manufacturer for help.

3. Pass the water through the filter. Pass a stream of cold water through the filter. In most cases, water should be poured into the top of the filter; then it flows down through the filter mechanism, where it is cleaned of impurities. Clean water is discharged into a bottle or jug ​​or into the bottom of the faucet, depending on the type of filter.

   • Do not re-strain running water through the filter. The water returned to the filter will not become cleaner.
   • Some filters deteriorate from hot water. Read the instructions from the manufacturer.

20 01.16

The basis of the foundations is water. You can eat healthy as much as you like, but if you absorb polluted water every day, sooner or later the body will begin to malfunction. The quality of water is directly related to the quality of life.

If you care about the health of your loved ones, realize the need for clean water for the body, then you need to know simple methods and techniques for cleaning it. How to purify tap water at home without buying expensive equipment? Let's try to figure it out.

Several reasons to choose cleaning

Tap water, especially in metropolitan areas, has an excessive amount of impurities. It is difficult to get rid of chlorine, chemical compounds that have a dangerous effect on the body. Often this is due to several reasons.

1. The equipment is outdated and needs updating.
2. Contaminants are present water resources.
3. Advanced cleaning technologies are not used.
4. Instead of environmentally friendly methods, chemical methods are used.
5. The old water supply system does not allow creating conditions for the preservation of clean water.

The catastrophic situation with the city's water supply and sewerage system cannot be corrected with words. But you can improve the water itself with simple, inexpensive and reliable means that are easy to use at home. It will be suitable for drinking, cooking and hygienic purposes.

When we lived in Pyt-Yakh, the water sometimes flowed like this, and the hair was dyed red. Good thing we got out of there quickly. However, clear water does not mean high quality.

By learning how to make clean water yourself, you can:

• do not worry about its quality, it will always be excellent;
• choose ways, change techniques and methods, comparing what works better;
• significantly save on the purchase of filters, jugs, cleaning systems, using folk methods for best result;
• learn new things about the quality and composition of water in the region of residence;
• based on the data, select the best types, methods.

Effective Approaches

• The simplest and most common way, but not the most effective, is boiling. Did you know that chlorine will not disappear? And the water doesn't taste very good either.

By the way, if you boil for 15-20 minutes, but not in a kettle, but with an open lid in an enamel pan, the water will become ionized. It should be poured into a thermos and drink a little bit throughout the day. Moritz wrote that such water is capable of removing toxins.

I myself have not done this, but if you have tried it or have your own opinion on this matter, write in the comments.

• You can clean up harmful microorganisms by mixing with table salt. This method is more suitable for cooking or for camping conditions. At the same time, you need to remember that a lot of salt should not be consumed, although salt is an excellent antiseptic.

• It is much better to use a small piece of silicon, the effectiveness of which has been proven by special analysis. It can be purchased at a pharmacy or online. The technology is simple.

1. A mineral weighing up to 10 g is placed at the bottom of a 2-liter jar.
2. Fill with water.
3. Leave in the light, but not in direct sunlight for a day.
4. After that, the water purified by silicon is drained and drunk.

• Since ancient times, water has been purified with silver. To do this, you can put any silver item on the bottom of the jar. Bactericidal and healing properties are guaranteed. Just 8 hours is enough.

I have used this method before. I had a silver spoon and I put it at the bottom of the jar. The water tasted so good. I am writing and I understand that this process needs to be resumed. I think that you can put decoration on the bottom. By the way, I love silver very much, moreover, much more than gold.

• Freezing and thawing gives a good cleansing effect. Water is poured into convenient containers and placed in the freezer, in winter you can go to the balcony. The first frozen crust, which formed after an hour or two, is thrown out.

The water is overflowed and re-frozen. When it freezes about two-thirds, it is taken out of the freezer again. This time, the liquid is drained, and the ice remains.

This ice is pure beautiful "zeroed" water. After such a procedure, it is believed that it turns into a "live" and has healing powers.

For the first time, it is better to make melt water on a day off in order to delve into the process, note the time at different stages, so that it would be easier later. And, of course, it is good to freeze a lot of water at once.

• The method of cleaning with the mineral shungite is gaining more and more popularity. It is controversial about its effectiveness, as there are contraindications for individuals prone to the growth of cancer cells (although this issue is controversial). Shungite is even recommended by Zeland himself.

The method is similar to the silicon approach. You can not change the stones often, it is enough to clean them with sandpaper from lime and impurities once every six months.

• An interesting method using activated charcoal.

1. Take the funnel.
2. Put a cotton swab or disk on the bottom.
3. Crush a blister of activated charcoal.
4. Wrap it in a thick cloth and place on cotton wool.

The home filter is ready. It is simple and reliable in operation. Retains heavy metals, does not change the taste of water.

Questionable Procedures

• Among folk remedies willow bark, elderberry, bird cherry leaves, iodine, wine, vinegar are used. A specific smell, a very controversial effectiveness and other limitations ...
• The method of cleaning with magnets is doubtful. It is recommended to wrap the pipes with magnetic tapes, creating a field. It is unlikely to be of any use. What do you think?
• Due to settling, some results can be achieved, for example, some impurities will disappear, but the metal will remain at the bottom of the dish. Do it in 3 liter jars for at least 2 days. With this method, part of the water is lost, which is not economical. You can not drink the water that has precipitated.

Whatever method, method is chosen, you need to know how effective the cleaning was. You can take water for analysis to the SanEpidemStation, both before treatment and after, for comparison.

Keep in mind that water resources are different everywhere. Try several options and find the best one for you and your family.

How to make a filter yourself (video)

I already described the process above, but I found a video to make it clearer:

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Thank you for your attention. Drink clean water! Be healthy.

Until we meet again, your Evgenia Shestel