Disposal of single-use syringes algorithm. DIAinstruction: safe disposal of medical waste at home. Epidemiological control of health workers who had contact with the blood of HIV-infected

Why disinfect disposable syringes? Sanitary and hygienic treatment is carried out in order to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, fungi and microbes that are dangerous to the health of medical staff and patients. All medical devices are subject to sterilization and disposal after their use in a patient, including a single use.

Sanitization steps

The main stages of sanitation of disposable syringes and other instruments are:

1. proper disinfection;
2. preparation for sterilization;
3. sterilization.

a) Physical method

Disinfection includes the physical or chemical method of cleaning needles and syringes after use. The choice of rehabilitation method depends on the material of the product and the method of its use. Physical cleansing includes:

• boiling;
• dry steam treatment;
• steam treatment under pressure.

This method is environmentally acceptable, safe and reliable, so it is preferred under the right conditions. Before boiling, medical instruments are washed with running water from visible contamination and placed in water.

Dry steam treatment is carried out in an air sterilizer, in which products are placed without visible traces of organic contamination. Sanitation with wet steam under pressure is carried out in a special steam sterilizer without preliminary purification from organic contaminants.

b) Chemical method

Chemical disinfection of needles and syringes involves the use of disinfectants. Tools are immersed in the solution in glass, plastic or enameled containers with lids.

Flushing of needles and syringes prior to chemical sterilization is unacceptable. However, aldehyde-containing preparations require pre-cleaning of disposable syringes before sanitation. Item Processing disposable from plastic and glass is carried out using chlorine-containing preparations. At the end of the procedure, the items are washed.

Processing of medical supplies (syringes, needles, etc.) is carried out in containers special purpose. There are two of them: for washing; for sterilization.

Destruction of sharp objects

Rules for the elimination of sharp objects:

• needles must not be broken to avoid injury;
• the needles are placed in a durable sealed container.

Deformation of sharp objects is carried out in a special sterilizer at elevated temperature for 30 minutes.

Important! Use medical gloves to apply the disinfectant. Remember that rubber gloves will not protect you from a needle injury, but will help clean it from local contamination with blood and other organic matter.

What items can be recycled

Disposal is subject to medical instruments (single-use needles, single-use syringes) that have been in contact with:

1. with blood;
2. with saliva and mucous membrane;
3. with wound surface.

Decontamination is the process of processing medical devices in order to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection consists of two stages: cleaning, disinfection. Cleaning always precedes the disinfection and sterilization process.

Disinfection destroys most of the pathogenic microorganisms, excluding bacterial spores. Sterilization destroys absolutely all biologically active forms of life, including bacterial spores.

The process is clearly shown in the video:

Syringe Kalashnikov pistol for injection Syringe pen for insulin with a removable needle - how to choose? Medical syringes: sizes and other characteristics

1. Rinse the syringe in a container with disinfectant No. 1 - “rinsing water”.

2. Fill the needle channel with a disinfectant from container No. 2 - “for disinfecting needles”, remove the needle from the needle cone and place it in container No. 2 (for the time specified in the instructions for use of this agent).

3. Disassemble the syringe and place it in container No. 3 - “for disinfecting syringes” (for the time specified in the instructions for use of this product)

4. Make a mark on the tags of containers No. 2 and No. 3 about the time of the start of disinfection, put your full name. nurses.

5. After disinfection, put on gloves.

6. Remove the products from the disinfectant and place the cylinders and pistons in different disposable bags, make a mark on the tags of containers No. 2 and No. 3 about the end of disinfection.

7. Fill disposable bags to ¾ of their volume, remove air, tie, put in a second bag, tie.

8. Place the needles in a disposable hard package.

9. Mark packages and solid packaging "waste", put the date of disinfection, full name.

10. Hand over the account to the head nurse for disposal.

Disinfection of disposable systems

1. Release the contents of the system into container No. 1 - “wash water”.

2. Remove the needle from the system and rinse it with a syringe in container No. 1 - “rinsing water”.

3. Fill the needle channel with a syringe with a disinfectant from container No. 2 - “for disinfecting needles” and place it in this container.

4. Cut the system into pieces no larger than 10 cm.

5. Immerse the segments in a container with disinfectant No. 4 - “for disinfection of systems”, until completely immersed with the help of a load.

6. Make a mark on the tags of containers No. 2 and No. 4 about the time of the start of disinfection, put your full name. nurse.

7. After disinfection, put on gloves.

8. Remove parts of the system from the disinfectant with tweezers and place the pieces of the system in disposable bags, and the needles in the box.

9. Fill the bags to ¾ volume, remove the air, tie and place in the second bag, tie.

10. Make a mark on the end of disinfection, put your full name. nurse.

11. Mark the packages and the box "Waste", put the date, full name. nurse.

12. Remove gloves, wash hands.

13. Hand over the needles on the account to the head nurse for disposal.

After use, syringes are hazardous (class B) or extremely hazardous (class C) healthcare facility waste due to contamination with infected or potentially infectious body fluids.

Single-use injection syringes are not subject to reuse for injections.

For the disinfection of single-use injection syringes, chemical and physical methods are recommended.

Chemical method of disinfection.

For the disinfection of used single-use injection syringes by the chemical method, a disinfectant solution is first prepared, which is poured into two special labeled containers with lids: “Container for disinfecting needles” and “Container for disinfecting syringes”. As a “Tank for disinfecting needles”, a needle remover can be used when it is filled with a disinfectant solution (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4 Needle removers for disinfection and disposal of needles.

"Container for disinfection of syringes" must be equipped with a perforated tray and oppression (Fig. 5)

Fig.5. Capacity for disinfection of syringes

After the injection, the medical worker, without covering the needle with a cap, performs separate disinfection of the used needle and syringe by a chemical disinfection method, for which he draws a disinfectant solution from the "Syringe disinfection tank" into the syringe using a piston, Then the medical worker disconnects the needle from the syringe in one of the ways :

Removing the needle with a needle remover;

Cutting off the needle with a needle cutter with an integrated puncture-proof container for needles;

Destruction of the needle using a needle destructor - a device for burning needles by exposure to high temperature (Fig. 6)

Rice. 6. Destructor of needles.

After disconnecting the needle, the body of the syringe with the plunger is placed in a container with a disinfectant solution, marked "for disinfecting syringes", and the required exposure time is maintained according to the instructions for use of the disinfectant used. Then, a disinfectant solution is released from the syringe body using a piston, after which the disinfected pistons and syringe bodies are placed in a bag fixed on a trolley rack or a single-use container with a color marking corresponding to the class of medical waste B or C. The container (bag, container) after ¾ fills are packed, placed in a mini-container with a color marking corresponding to the class of medical waste, and stored in a temporary storage room for medical waste until the end of the working shift for the purpose of subsequent transportation to the place of destruction or disposal.

When filling the needle remover with needles by ¾ of the volume and observing the necessary disinfection exposure time, the solution is carefully drained, the container is closed with a lid, placed in a mini-container with a color marking corresponding to the class of medical waste, and stored in a room for temporary storage of medical waste until the end of the working shift for the purpose of subsequent transportation to the place of destruction or disposal.

In the absence of devices for removing, cutting off or destroying needles in the medical facility, the separation of the needle from the syringe should be carried out only after the syringe with the needle has been decontaminated. Disinfection is carried out by taking the disinfectant solution through the needle inside the syringe and immersing the syringe with the needle into the “Container for disinfecting syringes” with the disinfectant solution for the required exposure time.

After the end of the disinfection exposure time, the needle is separated from the syringe with tweezers and placed in a solid package in accordance with the requirements of SP 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical institutions".

A disinfectant solution is released from the syringes using a piston, after which the disinfected pistons and syringe bodies are placed in a bag fixed on a trolley rack or a single-use container with a color marking corresponding to the class of medical waste B or C. The container (bag, container) after filling on ¾ of the volume is packed, placed in a mini-container with a color marking corresponding to the class of medical waste, and stored in a temporary storage room for medical waste until the end of the working shift for the purpose of subsequent transportation to the place of destruction or disposal.

The disinfectant solution in the containers is changed at the end of the shift.

Physical method of disinfection.

In the physical method of disinfection of single-use injection syringes, saturated water vapor in autoclaves or microwave electromagnetic radiation and wet steam are used.

When using this method of disinfection, the bodies and pistons of syringes are placed in a special vapor-permeable single-use bag that is resistant to high temperatures and is intended for sterilizing medical devices. This bag is fixed on a rack-trolley inside a single-use bag designed for collecting waste with color and text marking corresponding to hazard class B and C, or put on a single-use container (container with a lid) with color and text marking corresponding to waste class B and C .

After filling the bag by ¾ of its volume, it is sealed and delivered into containers (containers) with a closed lid or into a bag designed to collect medical waste of the appropriate color marking, using a trolley rack to the place of disinfection. Then the package is placed in an autoclave and kept at 121°C for 30 minutes.

Fig.7 Installation UOMO-01/150 for disinfection of disposable products by electromagnetic radiation.

When using electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh frequency and wet steam at a temperature of 100 ° for 60 minutes, the UOMO-01/150 installations are used (Fig. 7).

Without preliminary decontamination in a medical facility, collection, temporary storage and transportation of medical waste generated during injections is allowed, if all the necessary epidemiological safety requirements are met in the process of their collection, temporary storage, transportation to the place of neutralization with the obligatory use of thermal methods of destruction (burning) ( Fig. 8). This method is used to collect and destroy medical waste generated during immunization during vaccination in children's and educational institutions during the work of mobile vaccination teams.

Rice. 8 Solid domestic waste incinerator.

All premises, equipment, medical and other inventory must be kept clean. Wet cleaning of premises (treatment of floors, furniture, equipment, window sills, doors) should be carried out at least 2 times a day, using detergents and disinfectants that are approved for use in the prescribed manner. The administration of the LPO organizes preliminary and periodic (at least once a year) briefing of the personnel cleaning the premises on the issues of the sanitary and hygienic regime and cleaning technology.

Storage of detergents and disinfectants should be carried out in the container (packaging) of the manufacturer, provided with a label, on racks, in specially designed places.

It is necessary to have separate containers with working solutions of disinfectants used to treat various objects:

For disinfection, for pre-sterilization cleaning and for sterilization of medical devices, as well as for their preliminary cleaning (when using products with fixing properties);

For disinfection of surfaces in rooms, furniture, devices, instruments and equipment;

For decontamination of cleaning material, for decontamination of class B and C waste (in the absence of decontamination facilities).

Containers with working solutions of disinfectants should be equipped with tight-fitting lids, have clear inscriptions or labels indicating the agent, its concentration, purpose, date of preparation, expiration date of the solution.

When working with disinfectants, all precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, specified in the instructions for use, must be observed.

Cleaning equipment (trolleys, mops, containers, rags, mops) must be clearly marked or color-coded, taking into account the functional purpose of the premises and types of cleaning work, and stored in a dedicated room. The color coding scheme is placed in the inventory storage area. Washing machines for washing rags are installed at the picking points of cleaning carts.

Window glass washing should be carried out as needed, but at least 2 times a year.

spring-cleaning rooms of ward departments and other functional rooms and offices should be carried out according to the schedule at least once a month, with the processing of walls, floors, equipment, inventory, lamps.

Storage of cleaning equipment must be carried out in a specially allocated room or closet outside the premises of the offices.

In order to reduce air contamination to a safe level, the following technologies are used:

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation using open and combined bactericidal irradiators used in the absence of people, and closed irradiators, including recirculators that allow air disinfection in the presence of people, the required number of irradiators for each room is determined by calculation in accordance with current standards;

Exposure to aerosols of disinfectants in the absence of people using special spray equipment (aerosol generators) during final disinfection and during general cleaning;

The use of bacterial filters, including electrostatic precipitators.

For cleaning (except for class A premises), it is allowed to involve professional cleaning (cleaning) companies operating around the clock, for which it is necessary to provide separate premises. Cleaning company personnel must comply with these rules when cleaning in OOMD.

In order to prevent the spread infectious diseases of a person and to exclude the possibility of infection of medical personnel, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures provided for by sanitary rules in a timely manner and in full, incl. disinfection, destruction and disposal of single-use injection syringes.

Single-use injection syringes made of plastics used in medical institutions for injections (manipulations), after treatment and diagnostic procedures, are classified as medical waste potentially dangerous in relation to the spread of infectious diseases, and are medical waste of classes B and C.

Chemical method for disinfecting single-use syringes

For the disinfection of used single-use injection syringes by the chemical method, a disinfectant solution is first prepared, which is poured into two special labeled containers with lids: “Container for disinfecting needles” and “Container for disinfecting syringes”.

After the injection (manipulation), the medical worker, without covering the needle with a cap, performs separate disinfection of the used needle and syringe by a chemical disinfection method, for subsequent transportation to the place of destruction or disposal.

Disinfectants are used to disinfect single-use injection syringes.

treatment room

The treatment room is a necessary link in the provision of qualified diagnostic and therapeutic care.

In the treatment room, injections, transfusions and a number of other manipulations are performed that require strict adherence to asepsis. The procedural sister, by venipuncture, takes blood for biochemical studies, determines the Rh factor and conducts a test for individual compatibility; fills out the relevant documentation, performs subcutaneous and intramuscular injections, prepares systems for intravenous infusions.

List of instructional materials for the treatment room

* Orders, instructional letters of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, local administration, regulating the activities of a nurse in a treatment room.

Professional job description.

List of documentation of the treatment room.

List of equipment, equipment of treatment room.

List of medicines needed for emergency care.

List of medicines, list of measures taken in case of anaphylactic shock.

List of medicines, expiration dates.

Instructions for the storage of drugs.

List of medicines stored in the refrigerator, the sequence of their placement.

Technique for taking blood for laboratory research.

Technique of testing for occult blood.

Procedure for working with blood.

Blood transfusion technique.

How to handle tools after use.

A set of anti-epidemic measures for the prevention of HIV / AIDS, hepatitis in the treatment room.

Precautions when working with disinfectants and detergents.

Treatment room cleaning schedule.

Treatment room cleaning

Daily in the treatment and vaccination rooms, a double wet cleaning is carried out using chlorine-containing and detergents, followed by a double daily quartzing for one hour with bactericidal lamps OBN-150 installed in the office. Also, if necessary, post-manipulation and final cleaning are carried out, which are carried out using 0.6% calcium hypochlorite. All surfaces are processed twice, and walls with an interval of 15 minutes.

spring-cleaning carried out once every seven days with a 6% hydrogen peroxide solution and a 0.5% washing solution. On the day of cleaning, the refrigerator is defrosted, the furniture is moved away from the walls. The ceiling is washed in one direction, then the walls from the door from left to right and from top to bottom. Windows and radiators are washed, then furniture inside, outside, top to bottom. The floor is washed to the threshold. The wet surface is wetted with 1% calcium hypochlorite solution. The refrigerator is wiped with a 2% solution of acetic acid. Quartz turns on for one hour. The room is closed. After an hour, the room is ventilated and the disinfectant solution is washed off with clean rags and running water in the same sequence and again quartzing for one hour. An hour later, the room is ventilated, and the furniture is placed in its place. An entry is made in the general cleaning notebook.

After cleaning, the rags are soaked in a 0.6% calcium hypochlorite solution for one hour, then rinsed in running water, dried and stored in a clean, dry container. Mops and the outer surface of the containers are treated twice with an interval of 15 minutes with a 0.6% solution of calcium hypochlorite from top to bottom.

Intravenous injections. Complications. Care of peripheral and central catheters.

Venipuncture

Venepuncture (lat. vena - vein, punctio - injection, puncture) - percutaneous insertion of a hollow needle into the lumen of a vein for the purpose of intravenous administration of drugs, blood transfusion and blood substitutes, blood extraction (for taking blood for analysis, as well as bloodletting - extracting 200- 400 ml of blood according to indications).

For intravenous injections, the veins of the elbow bend, the back of the hand are used, in infants - the veins of the scalp. For puncture, conventional injection needles, butterfly needles and peripheral catheters are used.

Required equipment:

sterile syringe tray,

disposable syringe with a 10 cm long needle,

ampoule (vial) with a solution of a medicinal substance,

70% alcohol solution,

bix with sterile material (cotton balls, swabs),

sterile tweezers,

tray for used syringes,

sterile mask, gloves,

shock set,

container with disinfectant solution.

The order of the procedure:

7
. Invite the patient to “work with his fist” - clench and unclench his fist several times for good filling of the vein. 8. Invite the patient to clench his fist and not unclench until permission; at the same time, treat the skin in the area of ​​the elbow twice with cotton balls moistened with 70% alcohol solution, in one direction - from top to bottom, first wide (injection field size 4 * 8 cm), then with the second cotton ball - directly to the puncture site.

9. Find the most filled vein, then use the fingertips of the left hand to pull the skin of the elbow towards the forearm about 5 cm below the injection point and fix the vein (but do not pinch it).

10. In the right hand, take the syringe with the needle prepared for puncture.

11. Carry out venipuncture: holding the needle with the cut up at an angle of 30 °, insert the needle under the skin,

h
then, reducing the angle of inclination and holding the needle almost parallel to the skin surface, advance the needle a little along the vein and insert it a third of the length into the vein (with the appropriate skill, you can simultaneously pierce the skin above the vein and the wall of the vein itself); when a vein is punctured, there is a feeling of a needle falling into a void. 12. Make sure that the needle is in the vein by slightly pulling the plunger of the needle towards you, while blood should appear in the syringe.

13. Remove the tourniquet, ask the patient to unclench his fist.

14. Slowly inject the medicine - not to the very stop of the syringe plunger, leaving air bubbles in the syringe.

15. With your left hand, apply a cotton ball with alcohol to the puncture site, right hand remove the needle from the vein.

16. Bend the patient's arm at the elbow joint for a few minutes until the bleeding stops completely.

17. Put used syringes, needles into the tray; Place used cotton balls in a container with a disinfectant solution.

18. Remove gloves and wash hands.

If prolonged intravenous infusion is expected, the needle or catheter is fixed to the dried skin with adhesive tape. If the patient is unconscious or in a state of medical sleep, the arm is fixed with a soft loop to the bed. In children, it is possible to fix the hand with the help of an impromptu splint or splint made of thermoplastic material Polivik. With proper puncture or catheterization of a peripheral vein, infusion into it is a very effective and fairly safe way to administer funds.

Intravenous infusions

Infusion, or infusion (Latin infusio - infusion), is the parenteral introduction of a large volume of liquid into the body. Intravenous drip infusion to restore bcc, detoxify the body, normalize metabolic processes in the body, maintain the body's vital functions. Preparation (filling) of the system for drip infusion is carried out in the treatment room, and infusion - in the ward; while the patient should be in a comfortable (horizontal) position.

Disinfection of syringes is carried out in a medical institution in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological standards of the Russian Federation. Syringes come into contact with body fluids, respectively, differ in the degree of danger. If the instrumentation was used to treat patients infected with an infection, it belongs to class "B". If the device has been in contact with a patient's body that is not infected with an infectious pathology, it belongs to class "B". Disinfection of disposable syringes requires strict adherence to standards.

General information about the handling of waste syringes

Each medical institution has an instruction that determines the employees responsible for the processing and disposal of syringes. The document contains a list of rules regarding handling, transportation and disposal. Disinfection of single-use needles and syringes is carried out under the supervision of the chief physician. The medical institution allocates containers for instruments in accordance with the hazard class, determines the ways of moving waste and unloading it to a temporary storage site.

The employee responsible for handling and disposal is instructed. The instruction is made by the head physician. The document indicates which containers are used for the transportation and storage of waste. Syringes are stored in sealed bags. The person responsible for sterilizing syringes must know how to properly collect them.

Disinfection and storage

The instructions drawn up by the chief physician indicate the sequence of actions of the staff if the integrity of the package is violated. The document contains information on what to do for an employee in case of skin damage with waste needles. Disposal of equipment must be carried out in accordance with the rules specified in the instructions. Disposal is carried out by an employee of a medical institution who has reached the age of eighteen, who has a sanitary book. If an employee has not been routinely vaccinated against hepatitis, he is not allowed to transport and dispose of syringes.

Employees responsible for sanitization and disposal, are constantly instructed in compliance with safety requirements. Personnel who are responsible for the storage and processing of disposable syringes according to SanPin have separate clothes and shoes. Laundry is carried out in the laundries of the medical facility. If personnel come into contact with syringes belonging to hazard class "B", a respirator must be worn. Tools that belong to the class "B" are disinfected by different methods. It is soaked in special solutions, sterilized with steam. It is possible to use microwave. Class B tools are placed in yellow bags. If there is a marking, it is usually yellow. The 1 liter bag contains 20 assembled syringes.

Containers with tight-fitting lids may be used for collection. Tools are placed in containers of 5 or 10 liters. Containers are filled to the top and closed. Marking for hazard class "B" is yellow. If possible, the staff uses needle removers, however, the tools can be stored assembled. The needles are not separated by hand. If they are removed, they are placed in special sealed containers. For tools belonging to class "B" (especially dangerous), red packages are distinguished, their marking is also red.

The staff undertakes to comply with the rules prescribed in the instructions "Requirements for the disinfection, destruction and disposal of syringes." Used tools must not be transferred to third-party containers, processed or disposed of in unforeseen ways. Once every 12 months, control is carried out. Experts take samples to identify harmful components in the air.

Transportation of waste syringes

First, the employee collects the used syringes, then sends them to the warehouse. After that, the devices are brought to the place where recycling is carried out. Syringes-waste is taken out in a special vehicle with a closed body. The export regulations indicate that employees fill the car with containers and packages with tools. Together with syringes, other honey waste is transported. When the tools are delivered and unloaded, the car is disinfected.

How is destruction carried out?

There are two schemes for the destruction of used tools: liquidation and disposal. Liquidation - storage of waste underground in a pre-allocated area. The method also involves placing in a warehouse after disinfection. Instrumentation, which is waste, is burned at high temperatures, the procedure is called autoclaving. In a specially designated area, the amount of resulting waste is reduced by applying pressure testing. If the syringe is class B, it is burned.

This method of disposal is carried out in different ways. Incinerators are often used. They have a significant drawback - they emit dioxins, carcinogenic substances that violate the environment. Dioxins release mercury compounds. These compounds disrupt the functions of the central nervous system, adversely affect the internal organs. Carcinogenic substances released by dioxins enter the air and water. Burning syringes in plasma ovens is a safer method, suitable for destroying not only syringes but also needles. AT this case the device generates smoke passing through the slag layer.

Thanks to the lacquer layer, the toxins partially decompose, the smoke goes into the chamber, where a five-stage purification is carried out, only then the smoke enters the atmosphere. Used tools are burned by pyrolysis. First, the waste decomposes in an oxygen-free space, then it is burned and brought to safe values. Devices that combine the functions of a sterilizer and a chopper have gained popularity. Such autoclaves are used to process syringes of classes B and C. The tools are crushed and sent for sterilization. Hot steam is used for sterilization. After this procedure, the waste becomes completely purified. Those that belong to class "A" are taken out and placed underground.

Disinfection and disposal can be carried out in order to obtain recyclable materials. Recycling is a complex, painstaking process. The tools are pre-cleaned, then they are crushed, washed, dried, granulated, sent for recycling. Unlike recycling, disinfection is a reliable and more environmentally friendly way. When machines recycle syringes, not many toxins are released into the air. Disposal and disinfection are being improved. Despite the advantages, the methods have disadvantages. To properly dispose of, you need to sort the syringes, because the toolkit combines parts made from different types of plastic.

Classification of medical waste

As indicated, syringes belong to classes "B" and "C". The rest of the waste has its own classification.

1. Class A. This includes medical waste that has not come into contact with the patient's body fluids. Doctors' stationery and food waste are packed separately. High shade to the color of plastic containers is not provided, but it should not be yellow and red.
2. Class B. In this case, the equipment poses an epidemiological hazard, but is not particularly dangerous. Devices that have interacted with biological fluids are placed in a yellow sealed polyethylene package. Class B includes surgical waste. They are stored in airtight soft or hard containers, marked with yellow. The volume of packaging depends on the amount of waste. Containers for storing syringes should be moisture resistant, tightly closed.
3. Class B. This includes waste that has an increased threat of an epidemic. Instruments that have been in contact with a patient infected with a viral or infectious pathology are packed in a red container. If materials fall into environment, there is a possibility of an epidemic. Class B includes instruments that have been used to study microorganisms. Waste is placed in bright red containers or airtight plastic bags. The container must be very strong, protected from accidental opening.
4. Class G. This includes drugs and devices with mercury that carry a toxic threat. Waste is collected in a secure package, stored for no more than 24 hours. The packaging of such waste has a special marking.
5. Class D. These are radioactive materials. Hospitals typically hire carriers to transport this type of waste. Waste is packed in strong containers protected from involuntary opening.

Storage Features

Before placing the waste in storage, you need to pack it in a soft container. It should not be filled closely, it is allowed for 2/3. It is necessary to ensure the tightness of the packaging - pull it so that it does not come undone. The package is marked - the date of packaging, the name of the employee responsible for storage and disposal, the name of the health facility. Marking is applied with resistant paint, an alternative is gluing a tag.

Packages are changed once every 7 hours or more often, it all depends on which class the specific waste belongs to. The employee responsible for the storage and transportation of containers must comply with all safety regulations. If water gets on the packaging or it is inadvertently opened, the storage rules are considered violated. Containers are transported in accordance with the established export schedule. The rules for the placement of waste containers are established by the management, based on the requirements of the current legislation. If there is a lot of medical waste, the area of ​​\u200b\u200btemporary storage is increased. The room in which the containers are stored must be concreted. Medical waste is not stored in paper packaging.

Urns located outside the vault must meet certain requirements. The average volume of one urn is 10 liters, it is located near the entrance. If necessary, put a few pieces. When the territory is cleaned, plastic containers with a volume of up to 50 liters are used. For the convenience of unloading garbage, specialized carts are used. Waste with an increased risk of fire is stored in a separate container. The room must be covered with metal sheets.

The problem of waste disposal has always been relevant. Today it is possible to destroy used medical instruments without harm to health. However, if garbage is disposed of inappropriately, toxic substances will enter the soil, waterways and air. Outdoor incineration is a more harmful disposal method. Smoke-cleaning ovens are used to destroy syringes. This method of waste disposal is considered high-quality and environmentally friendly.