Area: 406 thousand hectares

Criteria: (x)

Status: inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2001

Constituent objects:
Sikhote-Alin State Natural Biosphere Reserve with a buffer zone and the Goraliy Regional Reserve (692150, Primorsky Territory, Terneisky District, Terney village, Partizanskaya st., 44)

The first description of the nature of the Central Sikhote-Alin was made by Vladimir Arseniev at the beginning of the 20th century. Then he noted the uniqueness, diversity, mosaic nature of the natural systems of the mountain forests of the Sikhote-Alin, which he defined as the "Great Forest".

The object includes plain and mountain tundra, one of the largest massifs of primary boreal forests remaining in Europe, and an extensive wetland system. Observation of this protected area for more than 50 years provides invaluable information about the natural processes that determine the biodiversity of taiga ecosystems.

The Russian south of the Far East is one of the largest and least affected regions, where natural ancient coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests have been preserved. The region is located on the great path of plant and animal dispersal along the Pacific coast of Asia from the tropics to temperate latitudes. In this regard, warm and cold-loving representatives of flora and fauna live here, including many endemic Manchurian species, Okhotsk species and even subtropical ones.

Many rare and endangered species are represented in the reserve, a significant part of which is preserved only within its boundaries. The flora of higher plants here includes about 1,200 species, more than 370 species of birds are known within the limits of the Central Sikhote-Alin, and 71 mammal species.

The mountainous country of Sikhote-Alin is the last large integral territory in the world inhabited by the Amur tiger. Many other rare and endangered species endemic to the region need protection - Amur goral, white-breasted bear, Japanese and black cranes, black stork, scaly merganser, fish owl, ginseng, Fori rhododendron, etc. Today Sikhote-Alin Reserve- the largest well-protected natural reserve in the belt of coniferous-deciduous forests of Eurasia and America.

The picturesque relief, full-flowing rivers, combined with an exceptional variety of flora and fauna - exotic plants and animals reminiscent of the tropics, give the nature of Sikhote-Alin unique features. There are many objects of aesthetic and recreational value here: rock massifs in the taiga, waterfalls, lakes and rapids, quaint stone remnants, reefs, sandy bays on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. On the territory of the reserve and the adjacent territory there are numerous monuments of different archaeological cultures.

In February 2015, one of the oldest specially protected natural areas Far East, the largest Sikhote-Alin Reserve in Primorsky Krai.

The reserve is located in the very center of Primorsky Krai, more than 600 kilometers from Vladivostok. Since 2001, the territory of the reserve has been included in the list of the World natural heritage UNESCO.

The Abrek tract is the habitat of the Amur goral. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky biosphere reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

The unique nature of the reserve, the territory of which extends along both slopes of the Sikhote-Alin ridge and includes the marine area, is characterized by the highest biological diversity.
In addition to a huge number of species of flora and fauna, the reserve is one of the most beautiful places on the planet, which every year attracts more and more tourists, including foreign ones.

During the entire period of its existence, the main task of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve was to preserve the rarest cat on the planet - Amur tiger. It was from here that in the post-war years, when the total number of tigers was no more than 50 individuals, it began to spread throughout the region. The reserve has a rich and interesting history, many eminent scientists worked here.

Svetlana Sutyrina

For the first time, a description of the nature of the Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by a Russian explorer of the Far East, traveler and writer Vladimir Klavdievich Arseniev at the beginning of the 20th century. According to the results of a number of expeditions in 1906 - 1910. The mountainous region of Sikhote-Alin was explored, which was previously considered a "blank spot" on the geographical map. Arseniev noted the uniqueness, diversity and mosaic nature of the Sikhote-Alin mountain forests, which he defined as the "Great Forest".

The Sikhote-Alin Reserve is, first of all, stunning views. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

In Soviet Russia, they returned to the idea of ​​creating a reserve and returned in the early 30s. XX century, after special expeditions were carried out to organize sable reserves. One of these expeditions was led by a hunter Konstantin Abramov, he, jointly Yuri Salmin led the reconnaissance of the planned Sikhote-Alin Reserve. And then he became the first director of this environmental organization.

Lynx. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Sutyrina

The reserve is located in the central part of the Sikhote-Alin ridge, on the territory of three administrative districts of Primorsky Krai: Terneysky, Krasnoarmeisky and Dalnegorsky.

In total, 1076 species of vascular plants, 280 species of bryophytes, 434 species of lichens, 670 species of algae, 740 species of fungi, 72 species of mammals (of which 11 are marine), more than 350 species of birds, 8 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 32 species of fish, 334 species of marine invertebrates and about 4,000 species of terrestrial invertebrates

Red deer on the Kaplanovsky salt licks. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

Having assessed the magnitude of protected nature, in 1979, at the UNESCO forum, the reserve was given the status of a biosphere reserve, thereby including it in the global monitoring network as a standard of primeval landscape.

In 2001, the territory of the reserve was included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List as “A site that includes the most important or significant natural habitat for conservation. biodiversity, including endangered species of exceptional world value in terms of science and protection. In total, there are 26 Russian objects on the list, 12 of them are natural, including Sikhote-Alin.

Ducks - tangerines. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

The main task of the reserve is to protect intact ecosystems of the Sikhote-Alin ridge at the junction natural areas, as well as rare species fauna of Primorye - primarily the Amur tiger and goral.

Young Amur goral. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

Here there are such species of animals as: brown and Himalayan bear, sable, harza, Siberian weasel, Amur tiger, wild boar, musk deer, Far Eastern forest cat, Amur goral, spotted deer, scaly merganser, mandarin duck, osprey, wild grouse, fish owl, crested eagle , white-tailed and Steller's sea eagles and many others.

Spotted deer. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Sutyrina

On the territory of the reserve and the adjacent territory there are monuments of different archaeological cultures. The settlement of the Terney enclave of the Ustinov culture (Mesolithic) (8-7 millennium BC) belongs to the oldest of them. The settlement is located in the middle reaches of the river. Taiga. The second oldest settlement "Blagodatnoye" is located on a terrace 600 meters from the seashore and belongs to the Lida culture (the era of paleometal) (the end of the second and the beginning of the first millennium BC). In the river basin Dzhigitovka are located settlements: Kunaleyskoe, Krasnoe ozero and Podnebesnoye, belonging to the medieval monuments of the Mohe, Bohai and Jurchen cultures (the first and the beginning of the second millennium AD), as well as fortresses and settlements of the Middle Ages and settlements of the 19th-20th centuries.

Lake Blagodatnoe against the backdrop of Mount Camel. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

In the last days of May, a very important event for the Sikhote-Alin Reserve took place - Heraldic Council under the President Russian Federation reviewed and approved the draft of the new emblem of the reserve.

Now, instead of the rare Jez primrose plant, little known to the public, whose image has served as the sign of the reserve for more than 20 years, the Amur tiger will flaunt on the emblem of this environmental organization.

Amur tiger. Photo: Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Sutyrina

Sikhote-Alin Reserve- Sikhote Alinsky nature reserve. Sikhote Alin Nature Reserve, in Primorsky Krai, on the eastern and western slopes of the Sikhote Alin ridge (altitude up to 1600 m); includes the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. The area is 347.1 thousand hectares. Founded in 1935; biospheric. The forests are… Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

In Russia, Primorsky Krai, on the eastern slopes of the middle Sikhote Alin; the southeastern part faces the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Founded in 1935. Area 347052 ha. Cedar deciduous forests, dark coniferous taiga (spruce, fir). The tiger lives ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

In the Russian Federation, Primorsky kr., on the eastern slopes, cf. Sikhote Alina; the southeastern part overlooks the coast of the Japanese Cape. It was founded in 1935. The area is 347,052 hectares. Cedar deciduous forests, dark coniferous taiga (spruce, fir). Tiger,… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SIKHOTE ALINSKY RESERVE, in Primorsky Krai, on the eastern slopes cf. Sshote Alina; the southeastern part faces the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Founded in 1935. Pl. 347.1 thousand hectares. Cedar deciduous forests, dark coniferous taiga (spruce, fir). ... ... Russian history

It is located on the eastern and western slopes of the Sikhote Alin, with its southeastern part overlooking the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Founded in 1935. Area 310112 ha (1974). Up to a height of 700 m, cedar broad-leaved forests predominate; higher (up to 1300 m) ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

In the south of Primorsky Krai. Created in 1935 on the square. 390.2 thousand hectares for the protection of unique virgin forests predominately. to the east slope of the Sikhote Alin (altitudes 500–1600 m), includes the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Seaside meadows and shrubs, oak, ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

Sikhote-Alin- Sikhote Alinsky nature reserve. SIKHOTE ALIN, a mountainous country in the Far East, in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. Length 1200 km. The highest point is Mount Tordoki-Yani (up to 2077 m). The relief of the middle mountains with traces of ancient glaciation prevails. In the north -… … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Autumn in Sikhote Alin ... Wikipedia

Mountain country; Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. From Nanaisk. sikhte, sikte needles, spruce and alin mountain range, that is, a mountain range covered with coniferous forest. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001. Sikhote Alin ... Geographic Encyclopedia

Sikhote-Alin- Sikhote Alin. Sikhote Alin, a mountainous country in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories; watershed of the rivers of the Amur basin, the Sea of ​​Japan and the Tatar Strait. The length is about 1200 km, the width is up to 250 km, the average height is 800-1000 m, the highest is up to 2077 m ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

At the origins of the creation of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve was a well-known Far Eastern hunter and nature conservation figure, who became its first director, K. G. Abramov. Sikhote-Alin Reserve, the decision to establish it was made in 1935.

The organization of a large reserve in the middle part of the Sikhote-Alin was planned from the beginning of the 30s. Initially, the design of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve was under the auspices of measures to create a network of large sable reserves, which was supposed to ensure the restoration of the stocks of this most valuable fur-bearing animal, which had been severely undermined by that time, both in Siberia and in the Far East.

The area of ​​the reserve is 401,428 hectares, including 2,900 hectares - the marine area. Most of the territory of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve is located within two administrative districts of Primorsky Krai - Terneysky (eastern macroslope of Sikhote-Alin) and Krasnoarmeisky (western macroslope).

A small area in the south-west of the reserve belongs to the Dalnegorsk region. The protected area is divided into four forest districts; the largest are Terney and Kolumbeyskoye, a smaller area is occupied by Kuruminskoye and Coastal.

The panorama of the Sikhote-Alin is determined by complexly branched mountain ranges and spurs, valleys and ravines replacing each other throughout the entire visible space. In the labyrinth of monotonous medium-altitude mountains, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the main watershed.

Against this monotonous background, in some places, like islands, groups of large peaks rise. Such are the massif of the city of Snezhnoy, Terneyskaya and Shanduiskaya hills, a number of other peaks within the reserve.

The density of the hydrographic network in the reserve is on average 0.7 km per 1 km2. The ringing key can be found in almost every, even a small, gully. By the way, not only springs and small streams, but also mountain rivers, sometimes quite large ones, are called “keys” in the Far East.

If the river network of the reserve is very dense, then there are very few lakes here - their total area does not exceed 5 km2. Of great interest is a group of mountain lakes located on the eastern macroslope, at an altitude of about 500 m above sea level. sea, in the upper reaches of the Solontsovoy stream - the left tributary of the river. Waterlogged. There are six lakes in total, the largest of them is Tsarskoye. Lake Tsarskoye periodically dries up, and in the lake. Round the water level is almost constant.

The climate of the Middle Sikhote-Alin is determined by the interaction of sea and continental air masses, which manifests itself in sharply different ways in different seasons. In summer, the territory of the reserve is under the influence of the northern branch of the East Asian monsoon, which brings humid sea air and is characterized by two stages of development.

The main factor in the formation of the weather in the winter half of the year is the removal of cold and dry Arctic air from the area of ​​the Siberian anticyclone. Aiming for comparative warm sea, this stream moves at high speed - this is how stable winter northwest winds, called in Primorye "miners" (winds from the mountains). By main climate indicators the parts of the reserve lying on the western and eastern macroslopes differ significantly.

The position of the reserve in the Middle Sikhote-Alin, where climatic conditions are much more severe than in the south of Primorye, leaves an imprint on the composition of its flora. These are heat-loving forms, for the most part belonging to the type of relics with a Manchu-North Japanese range, the most characteristic representative of which is the heart-leaved hornbeam. Forests occupy 90% of the territory of the reserve. However, there are not so many primeval, virgin forests; they are confined to the upper parts of the Serebryanka and Dzhigitovka basins.

183 species of algae were noted in reservoirs and swampy areas of the reserve. The most diverse are green and diatom algae. On the rocky bottom of the fast mountain rivers bright green tufts of blue-green algae and long, sometimes half a meter, strands of golden algae, fetid hydrurus, are common.

On the territory of the reserves there are a large number edible species. Associated with Korean cedar are pale, weeping, and American oilers, as well as pine camelina; with white fir - fir oilers, painted and motley chanterelle; with Gmelin's larch - gray butterdish and several types of boletus; with Mongolian oak - porcini, luxurious boletus, cesarean mushroom, valu and russula food and blue-yellow; with Manchurian birch - porcini mushroom, boletus, white podgruzdok and several types of russula; with Daurian birch - yellow-legged obabok; with David's aspen - boletus and blue-yellow russula.

There are 214 species of lichens registered in the reserve. Epiphytic forms predominate, growing on trunks and branches of trees. On rocky screes in the highlands of the Sikhote-Alin, blue-green bushes of cladonias and stereocaulons predominate. Limestone rocks (especially in the Abrek tract) from afar seem to be painted in a bright orange-red color due to the lichen developed on them - graceful calofala. In the fir-spruce and cedar-broad-leaved forests, hypohymnia and usnea grow abundantly.

To date, over 100 species of leafy mosses have been recorded in the reserve.

The flora of vascular plants has been most fully studied in the reserve. More than 1000 species are already known here, but there is no reason to consider the identified composition as final, as evidenced by some unexpected finds. recent years.

The Ussuri region is an amazing combination of north and south in the form of forests and flowers, animals and birds, butterflies and beetles. This is because there were forests here already in the Mesozoic, and the yew growing now, as well as the onoklea and osmund ferns, have been known in the Ussuri region since the Cretaceous period, and one of the first the globe angiosperms aralia and now shoots up the cande labra of its inflorescences.

Over 1100 species of plants can be found on the territory of the reserve, among which there are a large number of outlandish and rare species. Three hundred years old cedar, Mongolian tea, dog rose, pointed yew, high lure, rhododendron Fori, eleutherococcus and lemongrass grow here.

Traveling through the reserve, you can be sure that its coniferous-broad-leaved forest is interesting for its relics and endemics. There are more than 200 species of trees, shrubs and vines. The ribbed rose growing here is very beautiful, and the rocks facing the sea, from the top to the surf line, are dressed in luxurious thickets of Maksimovich's hawthorn, large-winged spindle tree, Siberian apple tree, viburnum and small-leaved maple. There are many blue-blue aconites, asters, burnet, cornflower, angelica, cow parsnip, volzhanka and so on.

Traveling along the seaside belt, we gradually find ourselves in mysterious oak forests. On the southern slopes, cedar forests grow with oak, birch, small-leaved maple and linden. The trees are lovingly shrouded in vine actinidia kolomikta, less often lemongrass. Korean cedar is the best fodder plant, due to which there are many animals and birds.

At the same time, Korean cedar cones fall to the ground in autumn, some of them fall in winter and spring. So land-based consumers with a good harvest receive pine nuts almost all year round. "Highlight" flora reserve, of course, is ginseng.

The relic Araliaceae family is represented by shrubs - Manchurian aralia and high trap, preparations of which are used in medicine. There are three types of woody vines in the Sikhote-Alin Reserve: Amur grapes (vine family), actinidia kolomikta (actinidia family) and Chinese lemongrass (magnolia family). The fruits of these vines have nutritional and medicinal value.

There are many in the reserve rare plants, including those included in the Red Book. These are spiky yew, short-fruited and Sikhotinsky rhododendrons, high lure, large-flowered wide bell, real and large-flowered slippers, white-flowered, obovate and Japanese peonies.

Features of the geographical position of the Far East, its ancient connections with North America, Central and Southeast Asia turned this territory into a center of speciation and created the richest fauna in terms of species. 63 species of mammals, 342 species of birds, 8 amphibians, 5 reptiles, 32 fish, 35 centipedes, 5 ixodid ticks, 4 - earthworms, about 3500 species of insects. In the middle part of the Sikhote-Alin, with the greatest, perhaps, completeness and contrast is manifested the most important feature fauna of the temperate latitudes of East Asia - a combination, "interlacing" of species that are distant in their geographical origin.

The richest forest vegetation with lush shrubs and grasses and relatively low snow conditions determined the diversity and high abundance of wild ungulates in the Ussuri region. Probably the most remarkable ungulate of the reserve is the sika deer, which received the name "deer flower" for its beauty.

In summer, deer are light brown, brightly colored with pure white spots. This outfit perfectly camouflages the animal, so the deer is very difficult to notice in the thickets of the forest. In winter, the spots become smaller, they are not so sharp and the overall color is dull.

The red deer is another deer in the Ussuri region, it is noticeably larger than the sika deer and is distributed much wider than the sika deer, its numbers are also incomparably higher. About 3 thousand of these representatives of the fauna live in the Sikhote-Alin Reserve.

Here you can meet roe deer, elk, wild boar, musk deer living on steep and stone slopes of dark coniferous forests. Musk deer is a great jumper. It is capable of changing the direction of movement at a full gallop at an angle of 90 degrees or sharply changing the direction of running to the opposite, almost instantly picking up the same speed.

Goral is another rare ungulate of the reserve. Outwardly, it resembles a dense, broad-chested goat with a long tail, small black horns with transverse rings thrown back. The long red-brown or gray coat makes the Goral even more squat.

Everywhere in the reserve there are bears: in the northern taiga regions it is more often brown, and in the southern - black. Feature brown bears in the Ussuri Territory is that in the years of crop failure of acorns and pine nuts, they often attack wild boars, who are looking for the same food as bears.

In the reserve, you can often meet the Manchurian hare, and among the insectivores, the Moger mole. He lives more often in broad-leaved forests along river valleys, laying underground galleries near the surface, so he throws out little land.

And, of course, the forests of the reserve are natural environment habitat of the Amur tiger. On the territory of the reserve, a joint Russian-American program for the conservation of the Amur tiger is being implemented, which includes the study of the population of this unique animal.

This place is of volcanic origin. Far East Russia. Sikhote-Alin is the territory of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, through which the watershed of the rivers of the Amur basins (the valleys of the Ussuri rivers), the Sea of ​​Japan and the Tatar Strait passed.

Translated from the Manchu language, Sikhote-Alin means a ridge big rivers. There are really many mountain ranges, fast rivers with clear water.

The natural world is not comparable with any region of our state in terms of the diversity of animals and plants. The oldest relic species of flora and fauna have been preserved here. Individual peaks of mountain ranges exceed two kilometers in height. Their slopes seem velvety only from a distance, in fact they are covered with impenetrable taiga.

One of the the greatest rivers Russia is the majestic, calm and wide Amur. In the Amur, there is such a species diversity of fish that is not found in any other river in our country (carp, bream, silver carp, catfish, burbot, rudd, Friday horse, white and black grass carp, pike, aukh, Chinese perch, kaluga, chum salmon - all species are not counted).

In the summer, in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, large beluga dolphins and small (9m) minke whales come close to the shore. And in the area of ​​​​the Shantar Islands from the shore you can see the fountains of giants - one hundred and fifty-ton smooth whales. In a word, a natural monument.

Traces of the ancients in Sikhote-Alin

In the floodplains of the Sikhote-Alin rivers, archaeologists discovered human sites of the Neolithic era (V-III centuries BC). There were villages that were located on terraces 4-6 m high. This ancient culture of the southern part of Primorye was called Zaisanovskaya. It is interesting that many of the artifacts discovered by scientists are made of obsidian: knife-like plates, piercings, scrapers, double-sided processed arrowheads, triangular knives with a beveled blade, slate knives and tips.

During excavations on one of the Sikhote-Alin plateau, archaeologists discovered the skeleton of a huge stone structure. The layout of the structure and the nature of the finds allow us to conclude that this is the palace of the Bohai kingdom, which existed on the territory of Manchuria, Primorsky Krai and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula more than 1000 years ago. In the mountains of Sikhote-Alin, the remains of buildings of this ancient culture: a signal tower, a castle and several fortifications, which are credited with not only protective, but also religious functions.

Guest from the sky

Another circumstance that attracted the attention of the public and scientists to Sikhote-Alin was the fall of a meteorite that occurred on February 12, 1947. The heavenly guest turned out to be a mass of 70 tons. He flew to the ground in the form of a pile of debris, exploding in the atmosphere ( turned out so well). Meteoritic rain covered an area of ​​35 sq. km. According to eyewitnesses, the flash was brighter than the sun, a roar was heard within a radius of 350 km, the earth and buildings shook from powerful blows, clouds of dust rose into the air. The largest crater was 6 m deep and 25.5 m in diameter.

An expedition of the Institute of Astronomy and Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR was organized to study the crater field, on which the fireball left more than 100 craters. Chemical analysis of fragments of the Sikhote-Alin meteorite showed that it was a giant piece of iron with minor impurities of nickel and cobalt. It is one of the ten largest meteorites in the world.

In 2001, the Sikhote-Alin Reserve was included in the list world heritage UNESCO as natural object, thus becoming the fourteenth object with World Heritage status in Russia.