Room temperature norms: a mode comfortable for a person to live in rooms. The ideal temperature in the bedroom - what prevents sound sleep The most comfortable temperature

Sport
11.10.2019

Cosiness and Comfort are subjective assessments of human sensations from the perception of the environment. The concept of " comfortable temperature» is so widespread that it does not exist in the technical vocabulary and regulatory documentation. The term "optimal temperature" of the air is used here. Big difference.

  • The value of "comfortable" air temperature is a subjective assessment of the acceptability of environmental conditions, which is determined solely by human sensations
  • The value of the "optimal" air temperature is determined on the basis of complex physiological experiments and calculations. The value of this value depends on many factors and, most importantly, takes into account the needs of the average human body. Each value of the “optimal” temperature for various conditions is supported by many years of research and observation. All information on the "optimal" air temperature is official legislative character and is fixed in the requirements of sanitary standards - SanPiN

SanPiN

SanPiN - Sanitary Rules and norms
(not to be confused with SNiP - Building Norms and Rules)

SanPiNs - the general name of the collection of Russian sanitary standards.
Already by one name it is clear that this is a sanitary normative documentation that defines sanitary and hygienic standards for all spheres of human existence and life.

SanPiNs(along with GOST, OST, SNiP, etc.) have the status of medical technical legislative documentation, mandatory for execution. Failure to comply with the requirements of SanPiN is punishable by law.

In the case of determining the optimal air temperature, the most interesting are the Sanitary Rules, which establish the optimal and maximum temperature intervals for working, residential and children's premises.

  1. work space

    SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises". A similar document can be found in Ukraine, it is called - DSN 3.3.6.042-99 "Sanitary norms for the microclimate of virobnicheskie prismіshen"

  2. Determining the optimum temperature for living quarters

    SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises"

  3. Determining the optimum temperature for preschool organizations
    SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, content and organization of the work regime in preschool organizations"

    Download in .zip format:
    SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 (downloads: 156)
    DSN 3.3.6.042-99 (downloads: 214)
    SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 (downloads: 174)
    SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 (downloads: 63)

    Download in .doc format:
    SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 (downloads: 203)
    DSN 3.3.6.042-99 (downloads: 163)
    SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 (downloads: 165)

    Download in .pdf format:
    SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 (downloads: 119)

    Note. The documentation provided for download is for informational purposes only. All regulations updated periodically by their publishers. See updates on official sites Russian Federation or desired country

    Optimum temperature for working rooms

    The optimum temperature at the workplace is set administratively, in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises"

    The value of the air temperature for the working premises should ensure the preservation heat balance working person with environment and maintaining optimal or tolerable thermal state organism. To do this, in the Sanitary Rules, all types of work are divided into energy costs. At the same time, for each category, its own temperature and its maximum deviations are indicated. And also, the time spent by a person at the workplace, in case of non-compliance with the specified temperature interval.

    Characteristics of individual categories of work

    According to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 all types of work are divided into five categories (depending on the intensity of labor). At the same time, the amount of energy consumption of the worker's body in kcal / h (W) is taken as the determining equivalent

    1. Category Ia
      Work with intensity of energy consumption up to 120 kcal/h (139 W)
      This is work that is performed while sitting and is accompanied by minor physical stress. For example, a number of professions in the field of management and service, in watch and clothing industries, etc.
    2. Category Ib
      Work with the intensity of energy consumption 121 - 150 kcal / h (140 - 174 W)
      This is work that is done while sitting, standing or walking and is accompanied by some physical exertion. For example, a number of professions in the printing industry, in communication enterprises, controllers, masters in various types production, etc.
    3. Category IIa
      Work with the intensity of energy consumption 151 - 200 kcal / h (175 - 232 W)
      This is work associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical exertion. For example, a number of professions in machine-assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving, etc.
    4. Category IIb
      Work with the intensity of energy consumption 201 - 250 kcal / h (233 - 290 W)
      This is work associated with walking, moving and carrying loads up to 10 kg and is accompanied by moderate physical stress. For example, a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.
    5. Category III
      Work with intensity of energy consumption more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W)
      This is work associated with constant movement, moving and carrying significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort. For example, a number of professions in blacksmith shops with hand forging, foundries with hand stuffing and casting of molding boxes of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.

    Optimum workplace temperature

    Depending on the intensity of work, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 sets the following optimum temperature in the working room:

    (Excerpt from SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96)

    Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces
    industrial premises

    Limitation of temperature and time spent at the workplace

    In addition to the optimal temperature in the working room, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establishes limit deviations for the air temperature at the workplace, and also imposes a restriction on the time of work if it (the temperature) is above or below the maximum allowable. It is noteworthy that the temperature gradation above the permissible (26°C) goes through 0.5°C.

    Time spent indoors, no more than for work categories, h
    Ia Ib IIa IIb III
    6 1
    7 2
    8 1 3
    9 2 4
    10 1 3 5
    11 2 4 6
    12 1 3 5 7
    13 1 2 4 6 8
    Table continuation
    Air temperature at the workplace, °C
    Ia Ib IIa IIb III
    14 2 3 5 7
    15 3 4 6 8
    16 4 5 7
    17 5 6 8
    18 6 7
    19 7 8
    20 8
    26,0 8
    Table continuation
    Air temperature at the workplace, °C Stay time, not more than for work categories, h
    Ia Ib IIa IIb III
    26,5 7
    27,0 8 6
    27,5 7 5,5
    28,0 8 6 5
    28,5 7 5,5 4
    29,0 6 5 3
    29,5 5,5 4 2,5
    30,0 5 3 2
    Table continuation

    Optimum temperature for living quarters

    The optimum temperature for residential premises is set in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises." Setting the optimal temperature in residential buildings and premises seems to be a simpler procedure, since human energy activity in a residential building is stable and minimal.

    The value of the air temperature for residential premises should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person at rest and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

    (Excerpt from Appendix 1. SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00)

    Optimal and permissible norms
    temperature and relative humidity in residential premises

    Name of premises Air temperature, °С Relative humidity, %
    Optimal Permissible Optimal Permissible
    Living room 20-22 18-24 45-30 60
    Inter-apartment corridor 18-20 16-22
    Kitchen 19-21 18-26 not standardized
    Toilet 19-21 18-26
    Bathroom, shared bathroom 24-26 18-26
    lobby, stairwell 16-18 14-20
    Storerooms 16-18 12-22

    Optimal temperature for preschool organizations

    The optimal temperature for the premises of preschool organizations is established in accordance with SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, maintenance and organization of the working regime in preschool organizations." Setting the optimal temperature for the premises of preschool organizations seems to be the most responsible task, since children are most susceptible to temperature changes.

    The value of the air temperature for the premises of preschool organizations should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of the child with the environment and the maintenance of the optimal or permissible thermal state of his body.

    In contrast to the optimal temperature in working and residential areas,
    the optimal air temperature in the premises of preschool organizations is set very strictly and has practically no intervals for limiting deviations

    (Excerpt from Appendix 3. to SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10)

    Air temperature in the main rooms
    preschool educational institutions

    Table continuation

Content

With the advent of summer, each of us dreams of rest. Fresh air, gentle sun and warm water help to get healthier, relax and forget about your problems. Find out what is a comfortable temperature for the human body for swimming in different ages what conditions are recommended.

At what water temperature can you swim

In order for a person to benefit and enjoy bathing, the water must be in a state acceptable to the body. The indicator depends on the physiological characteristics, habits, individual characteristics of the organism. It's believed that normal temperature sea ​​water is about 22 degrees, but many swim calmly even at 18. It is known that a large number of "walruses" swim in the cold months at + 10 ° C. However, it is better for unaccustomed people not to take risks, otherwise hypothermia may occur.

Very low temperatures should be avoided. A pond with 24 ° C is suitable for refreshing, enjoying sea baths and swimming calmly. If the degree is higher, there is a danger of developing diseases. This leads to the active development of rotavirus and other infections that are harmful to the child and adult. This situation is typical for mid-July-late August among the southern regions and on the Azov coast, so you should be especially careful when taking sea baths.

Air temperature plays a big role. If a person is in the sun for a long time, then immersion even in cold water may not embarrass him: the body requires refreshment. In addition, habit matters. If for our person the comfortable temperature of the water in the sea for swimming is already 20-22 degrees, then the inhabitants of hot Egypt will find it cold. For local inhabitants, the optimal degree is 24-26 ° C. Quite a different situation on the Baltic coast. There, the water practically does not exceed + 20 ° C, so it is acceptable for locals.

The optimal water temperature for swimming in the sea for children

The most comfortable temperature regime for a child to stay in the water is 22-24 degrees. If the baby will swim for the first time, then it must be prepared, otherwise it threatens with a decrease in immunity and a cold. It is necessary to go to the pond with the crumbs in June or the middle of the season, when the water is not so dirty. The residence time for the baby should not exceed 2-3 minutes, after which it is wiped dry with a towel.

Comfortable sea water temperature for pregnant women

The properties of sea salts have a beneficial effect on the condition of the fetus, so bathing is very useful for young mothers. For a pregnant woman to feel normal, the degree should not be lower than +22. Before entering, the girl needs to cool down in the shade so that the body does not feel a big contrast. In addition, experts recommend not to be in the reservoir. long time so that the body does not begin to lose heat. The optimal bathing time is 10-20 minutes.

At what temperature can you swim in the sea at night

On the beaches South Shore Crimea and the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, many people prefer to swim at night, do nice pictures in water. If this is allowed in the vastness of our region, then swimming abroad is strictly controlled by the coast guard. Swimming at night is best when the sea is calm, there are no waves, and the water is not lower than + 21-22 ° С. Such conditions will help to refresh and are completely safe for the human body.

When is the most comfortable water temperature for swimming

Depending on the location of the reservoir on the globe, the climatic conditions around also change. The most comfortable water temperature in the sea for swimming is observed in summer, although some begin to swim in nature from May, continuing until September. In addition, a lot depends on the degree of air: if you get very hot in the sun, then a pond with + 19 ° C will bring pleasure to a child and an adult.

In the Black Sea

In Crimea beach season starts from the end of May and ends almost in October. The warm and mild climate keeps the water warm for a long time. In addition, sunny weather creates excellent conditions for recreation. Comfortable water temperature in the Black Sea for swimming is from +18 to +24°С. You can also dive in cooler times, but there is a possibility of leg cramps.

On the Azov coast

Due to the intense heat and sun activity on the Azov coast, experts recommend swimming before 12 noon and after 4 pm. This period will allow you to enjoy sunbathing and refresh yourself. All summer months have the right temperature. June and July are especially favorable. In August, the water can heat up to +26 and above. It is believed that with this degree, the content of healing components decreases.

How is the comfortable sea temperature for swimming determined?

To understand at what temperature they bathe in the sea, it is necessary to distinguish how the human body reacts to different conditions:

  • Sea water 0 degrees. Bathing is possible only for a short time, otherwise hypothermia will come. People who are accustomed to "winter swimming" can afford such conditions a little longer.
  • 1 to 8°С. Even for the trained and hardened, the dipping and diving procedure can be dangerous. Such water allows a stay of no more than a couple of minutes.
  • 9 to 13°С. Unacceptable conditions for swimming, but safer for human health. Hardened can afford to swim for 5-7 minutes.
  • From 14 to 16°С. Sea baths are possible, but not long. Staying in such water for more than 2 hours can lead to loss of consciousness.
  • From 17 to 22°C. A cool pond that gives you a feeling of freshness. Acceptable conditions for dipping or diving, but not for everyone.
  • From 23 to 26°С. Optimal conditions for a long pastime in the pond.
  • From 27°C. Comfortable conditions in the sea for long bathing, however, the development of microbes in such an environment is possible. Even the pleasant warmth of the sea becomes bacterially dangerous.
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Not only well-being, but also the state of human health depends on how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is. That is why scientists have identified certain norms that are considered optimal for room temperatures.

What should be the temperature in the room

AT different countries and cities the norm of comfortable temperature regime different, and this is connected, first of all, with climatic features this locality. To determine what air temperature is optimal for a particular room, you also need to consider how humid the air is in it.

In addition, it is worth noting that depending on the time of year, the microclimate also changes. For example, in winter, the apartment is heated with a battery and the temperature in it is slightly lower than in summer, when heating replaces the warm sun.

In the cold season, the air in the room should be warmed up to +22 degrees Celsius, and in the warm season - up to +25. At first glance, this difference may seem insignificant, but in fact it is not.

Room temperature

Perhaps it is no secret to anyone that the air in the apartment is heated unevenly. The temperature regime largely depends on what is the function of the room?

In addition, it is worth noting that the proper temperature regime must be maintained in all rooms and at the same time try to ensure that when moving from one room to another, you do not feel too strong changes in air temperature. A normal and comfortable temperature regime for a person implies that by moving, for example, from the living room to the kitchen, you will not feel a significant difference, as the temperature will change max 2 degrees to one side or the other.

Temperature regime for newborns

In the development of the baby, the conditions surrounding him play almost one of the most important roles and that is why it is necessary to observe the proper temperature regime in the room in which the child rests and spends most of his time. In order for the newborn not to get sick and his health not to be shaken, it is important not only to avoid hypothermia, but also excessive overheating.

The temperature norm for a baby also depends on its physical data:

  1. A newborn born right on time and without any abnormalities will feel comfortable at 19°-21°C.
  2. A premature baby requires more attention and therefore the air temperature in his bedroom should be approximately 24 ° -25 ° C.

What causes hypothermia or excessive overheating of the child's body

Room temperature for newborns should be comfortable and comply with the standard according to GOST. After all, heat in infants is released more intensely than in older children and they sweat more, because of this, the child's body loses the water and mineral salts it needs.

In order to prevent this from happening, you need to carefully monitor how much the air in the room warms up. It is also worth noting that there are a number of symptoms indicating that newborn overheated:

  • The child's body temperature is slightly higher than normal
  • The newborn begins to breathe through the mouth
  • The baby's breathing is difficult due to the appearance of hard crusts in the nose
  • Redness and diaper rash appear in the folds on the skin
  • The baby may have a tummy ache

Due to even a slight hypothermia, a newborn can get sick, so you need to ensure that the temperature in the child’s bedroom does not drop even a couple of degrees.

How to create a comfortable temperature for the baby

Usually the temperature in the apartment does not fall below 18 - 20 degrees. With the exception of the period when the heating in the apartments has only recently been turned off or is about to be turned on.

Therefore, if you notice that the air in the room has become too cold and the newborn is freezing, you need to artificially “warm up” the room. In addition, it will also be useful to additionally warm the baby itself by covering it with a warm blanket or blanket.

We all know what the temperature should be in a baby’s room, but what if in the summer it’s indoors getting too hot? The answer to this question is simple: you need to give the child plenty of water, remove excess clothing from him and wipe with water. All these simple actions will help to avoid overheating.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that, despite the personal preferences of each person, doctors still recommend adhering to generally established norms. This is due to the fact that overheating or hypothermia is harmful not only for the body of a newborn baby, but also for the health of an adult.

Not only well-being, but also the state of human health depends on how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is. That is why scientists have identified certain norms that are considered optimal for room temperatures.

What should be the temperature in the room

In different countries and cities, the norm of a comfortable temperature regime is different, and this is due, first of all, to the climatic features of the area. To determine what air temperature is optimal for a particular room, you also need to consider how humid the air is in it.

In addition, it is worth noting that depending on the time of year, the microclimate also changes. For example, in winter, the apartment is heated with a battery and the temperature in it is slightly lower than in summer, when heating replaces the warm sun.

In the cold season, the air in the room should be warmed up to +22 degrees Celsius, and in the warm season - up to +25. At first glance, this difference may seem insignificant, but in fact it is not.

Room temperature

Perhaps it is no secret to anyone that the air in the apartment is heated unevenly. The temperature regime largely depends on what is the function of the room?

In addition, it is worth noting that the proper temperature regime must be maintained in all rooms and at the same time try to ensure that when moving from one room to another, you do not feel too strong changes in air temperature. A normal and comfortable temperature regime for a person implies that by moving, for example, from the living room to the kitchen, you will not feel a significant difference, as the temperature will change max 2 degrees to one side or the other.

Temperature regime for newborns

In the development of the baby, the conditions surrounding him play almost one of the most important roles and that is why it is necessary to observe the proper temperature regime in the room in which the child rests and spends most of his time. In order for the newborn not to get sick and his health not to be shaken, it is important not only to avoid hypothermia, but also excessive overheating.

The temperature norm for a baby also depends on its physical data:

  1. A newborn born right on time and without any abnormalities will feel comfortable at 19°-21°C.
  2. A premature baby requires more attention and therefore the air temperature in his bedroom should be approximately 24 ° -25 ° C.

What causes hypothermia or excessive overheating of the child's body

Room temperature for newborns should be comfortable and comply with the standard according to GOST. After all, heat in infants is released more intensely than in older children and they sweat more, because of this, the child's body loses the water and mineral salts it needs.

In order to prevent this from happening, you need to carefully monitor how much the air in the room warms up. It is also worth noting that there are a number of symptoms indicating that newborn overheated:

  • The child's body temperature is slightly higher than normal
  • The newborn begins to breathe through the mouth
  • The baby's breathing is difficult due to the appearance of hard crusts in the nose
  • Redness and diaper rash appear in the folds on the skin
  • The baby may have a tummy ache

Due to even a slight hypothermia, a newborn can get sick, so you need to ensure that the temperature in the child’s bedroom does not drop even a couple of degrees.

How to create a comfortable temperature for the baby

Usually the temperature in the apartment does not fall below 18 - 20 degrees. With the exception of the period when the heating in the apartments has only recently been turned off or is about to be turned on.

Therefore, if you notice that the air in the room has become too cold and the newborn is freezing, you need to artificially “warm up” the room. In addition, it will also be useful to additionally warm the baby itself by covering it with a warm blanket or blanket.

We all know what the temperature should be in a baby’s room, but what if in the summer it’s indoors getting too hot? The answer to this question is simple: you need to give the child plenty of water, remove excess clothing from him and wipe with water. All these simple actions will help to avoid overheating.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that, despite the personal preferences of each person, doctors still recommend adhering to generally established norms. This is due to the fact that overheating or hypothermia is harmful not only for the body of a newborn baby, but also for the health of an adult.

In our apartments, the microclimate is formed by several factors and room temperature is the most important part of it. The temperature comfort of households is individual, depending on their gender and age. However, the difference in heat needs among members of the same family is small and amounts to 2-3 ° C, allowed by SanPiN standards.

We will tell you how to determine the optimal temperature, how excessive cooling or overheating affects people's well-being. In addition, we denote the parameters of a comfortable microclimate, and also give effective ways maintaining a normal temperature in the room.

The temperature regimes that ensure the comfort of households depend on the climatic location of the housing. In the southern regions and in the northern areas, as well as in the western and eastern latitudes, the norm of house temperature will be different.

As for the countries, their climate is also not the same. And since the components of climate, in addition to temperature, are Atmosphere pressure together with air humidity, the acceptable thermal range is set by them together.

It is not difficult to control the temperature regimes of the "warm floor" heating complex. Liquid systems are equipped with a thermostatic valve or an automatic pump-mixing group, equally capable of controlling the temperature of the coolant circulating through the circuit built into the floor.

In infrared and temperature control is carried out by digital, programmable or electromechanical thermostats. By constantly checking temperature changes against preset thresholds, they turn the system off or on.

Classic apartment heating systems based on circulation hot water through pipes to radiators, also allow temperature control.

It will be necessary to equip the pipe at the coolant inlet to the radiator with an automatic (thermostat) that controls the intensity of hot water supply according to a given parameter.

Note that it is easier to complete the circulation-radiator heating system with battery thermostats in its two-pipe design

The need to establish and maintain optimal temperature regimes in living rooms is important, since the microclimate of an apartment significantly affects the health of households.

Temperature imbalance exacerbates chronic diseases and promotes the acquisition of new ones, and the normalization of the atmosphere by temperature, on the contrary, will strengthen the body.

Share with readers your personal observations regarding the parameters of a comfortable temperature at home. Tell us about ways to normalize the temperature regime. Please leave comments on the article, ask questions and participate in discussions. The contact form is located below.