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Recycling in different countries. Brazilian environmental problems and environmental policy. fines in england
The issue of waste disposal is acute in many regions the globe, and even the most developed of the countries cannot yet boast of an absolutely well-functioning system for collecting and processing waste. This is connected not only with technological capabilities, but also with the mentality of peoples and governments.
Waste management in Japan
In Japan, for example, people do not pay for waste disposal services that are burned in expensive furnaces at special factories. Apparently, this is due to the Japanese character - they would not spend their money on this, but would simply leave their garbage everywhere. However, the Japanese will have to pay for disposal if they throw away the bag of unsorted garbage.
Waste disposal in Germany
In Germany and Austria, things are completely different. The Germans not only pay for waste disposal, they carefully sort the garbage left behind and leave it in specially designated containers, respectively. The same can be said about Australia.
Waste disposal in the USA
In the United States, this issue is also treated very responsibly: almost every house is equipped with a special device that crushes and processes household garbage in order to then flush it down the drain.
Waste disposal in Russia
With regard to recycling in Russia, this has never been considered as a serious topic for reflection. Garbage was simply dumped in specially designated places outside the city. To date, this kind of procedure has not changed much. Most of these "garbage sites" do not meet international sanitary and epidemiological requirements for a long time. Almost all of them pose a serious threat to the ecology of Russia and neighboring countries: garbage dumps produce various kinds of toxins hazardous to health, such as carbon monoxide and methane. Pathogenic bacteria and carriers of infections, of course, exacerbate an already difficult situation. In other countries, they have long learned how to extract real profit from garbage and its processing, but Russia still has a long way to go in the field of such a business. Russia has very modern garbage incinerators, but most of them are not working at full capacity. The fact is that foreign technologies are used for their operation, which work inefficiently in our country. Unfortunately, in some cases, the problem of waste is solved in the following way: garbage is simply dumped in the nearest forest or along the highway.
“Approximately seven billion tons of household waste accumulate in Russia every year; of which six million tons are in Moscow and the Moscow region (about 350 kg of garbage per person per year).”
Today, scientists are arguing about various methods of waste processing in Russia and are trying to introduce them into people's daily lives. They even developed a project according to which the energy generated during processing can be used for power plants.
Speaking about new technologies in this area, it is impossible not to note the advanced developments of engineers from other countries of the world.
For example, while most countries cannot cope with the problems of waste disposal, causing landfills to come close to cities and poison the environment, Dutch engineers seem to have found a solution. They went beyond the idea of making new household items from recycled products, and found an opportunity to build roads from garbage.
In short, according to this technology, specially processed raw materials are pressed into separate bars, which will be connected already at the facility under construction. Strict quality control at the factory allows you to be sure of the quality of the new coating; in addition, these plastic roads withstand temperatures from about -40 to +80 degrees Celsius.
Brazil has only been able to recycle about 3% of its solid waste. Many waste collection positions have been created in cities. There are about 74% of cooperatives that help collect garbage in cities. In addition to professionals, there are also volunteers in cities who collect their recyclable waste and deliver it to the right place. Following successful steps to improve recycling in Brazil, Brazil generates BRL 12 billion in processing industry revenue annually.
The Brazilian government has tried to take some steps to improve the processing sector in Brazil, for example, a method has been adopted in the processing sector, i.e. "encompassing the gravimetric composition of solid waste and its recovery", the collection of selective materials and the development of means for the extraction of materials, also called "Material Recovery (MRFs)". In this process, those who choose the waste (waste collectors) are free to carry out their activities, and then their activities and results are reviewed, analyzed and discussed. This process plays a role in increasing the role of waste collectors and thus improves and enhances the recycling process in Brazil.
In Brazil, an important legal policy to improve the process of processing and recycling of solid waste. In 2010, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNS-Law 12,305/2010) developed the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) for managing solid waste and divided the responsibility for solid waste management between producers, users and the government and allocated different tasks for them. This law is a hierarchy of responsibilities such as no waste generation, waste source reduction, product reuse, recycling, waste treatment, and environmentally friendly waste disposal practices.
Various programs have been created to promote recycling in Brazil to raise awareness of the benefits of recycling. There are various voluntary and paid organizations that collect solid recyclable waste and donate material from the recycling process to save the environment.
About company
We, the team of Ecostiltrans LLC, have long (since 2003) been successfully providing garbage collection of any kind in the city of Moscow and the Moscow Region, we have our own fleet of container trucks, we provide a package of documents: we work with both individuals and legal entities.
The work of our specialists is always:
We understand that garbage disposal is an urgent problem, therefore we offer our services not only to legal entities, but also to individuals. Our specialty is the export construction debris, which includes the removal of waste by container. The management conducts a democratic pricing policy so that everyone can use our services. Our prices are loyal, moreover individual approach to each client allows you to create optimally favorable conditions for each.
Prices
| When ordering from 3 bunkers per month there is a system of discounts | ||||
| Services | price, rub. | |||
| Porter, 8 m 3 , 1 ton | from 3500 | Gazelle, 8 m 3, 1.5 tons | from 4000 | |
| Container on MAZ, ZIL, KAMAZ platform | 8 m 3 , 5 tons | from 6400 | ||
| 15 m 3 | 12 tons | from 12000 | ||
| 20 m 3 | from 17000 | |||
| 23 m3 | from 19200 | |||
| 27 m 3 | from 21000 | |||
| 32 m 3 | from 23000 | |||
| Tipper SCANIA, IVECO | from 850 per m 3 | |||
| Loading | Manual: 2-3 loaders | from 1000 | ||
| Working with JCB | from 2000 | |||
| Discounts when paying by card | ||||
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Garbage special: construction
New properties can be seen everywhere. But what is construction? This is a continuous work process, during which deposits of garbage are formed on the construction site. It can be pieces of rebar, brick, plastic, broken glass, packaging materials, hardened and unusable mixtures. We offer you the removal of solid waste - quickly, efficiently, efficiently. Our logisticians will calculate the optimal route for moving around Moscow, the drivers will cope with any equipment, the cars will be in good order and will not let you down at the most crucial moment. Our experts will organize for you the removal of waste by container from the territory of your construction site. It - optimal solution in case the project is long and it is constantly worth removing waste. The containers rented by you will be delivered by agreement, installed for filling, the removal of solid waste in containers will be carried out in strict accordance with the work schedule. Together we will solve any problem of waste disposal from the territory of your site!
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Difficult question: KGM
KGM includes things that are no longer needed in everyday life - kitchen and Appliances, furniture, windows and doors, waste from construction sites. This type of waste belongs to the 5th hazard class, as it includes paper, cardboard, polymers, and other substances. Our company offers services for the removal of large volume and tonnage waste from your territory in Moscow, the removal of solid waste, guaranteeing safety, high quality, efficiency of work and quite reasonable rates, providing for this the necessary machines and equipment from our own fleet.
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The fight against household waste
Statistics say that on average one person "creates" more than 250 kg of waste per year. But practice shows that this figure is underestimated, because these are only indicators household waste. But what about construction and other species that remain after human activity? "Fight" - you will say and you will be right. As long as state recycling programs are being developed, fines and administrative protocols are being issued for violations in the discharge and improper processing of municipal solid waste, while private entrepreneurs are building single waste processing complexes and plants, our company is working.
In the trash bag that everyone takes out of the house or apartment - glass, paper, polyethylene, food debris and other components. Our specialists are engaged in the removal of household waste, solid waste in the case of a preliminary agreement. Contact our dispatcher, describe the task and in a short time you will receive a competent qualified solution from our specialists. This may be a planned collection and subsequent garbage collection, or it may be the rental of garbage containers that will be emptied on time. We work only with those landfills that have a license and that's it. permits to engage in such activities.
Service areas
What kind of topic is this - "garbage sorting"? Why do we put so much emphasis on it? And just imagine what will happen to the planet in 100 years, if waste goes to the landfill with the same intensity as it is happening now. Then the Earth will become a solid trash can. Yes, you will no longer care, but future generations (generated by you) will certainly not remember you with a kind word. In Europe, the issue of waste sorting, like many other issues, began to be addressed long ago and intensively. Let's take an example. Today we’ll figure it out: how is garbage sorted abroad?
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Apart from the fact that garbage covers such a large percentage of the Earth's surface, everything (such as a battery or mercury lamp) is able to enter into chemical reaction and inflict irreparable. This also applies to all kinds of solvents, and even wood products that have been treated with paints or chemical compounds.
These wastes decompose and poison the soil, and with it all the plants, berries, trees and flowers that grow or sprout on it. As a result, berries and fruits, trees, as well as water from springs and springs become unfit for consumption. And it kills fish and birds.
What to do?
You can reduce the negative impact of garbage and waste on the environment, soil, groundwater and surface water. For this you need to learn and household waste. And many of them can be or get energy.
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Even better, you start to keep a close eye on the products you use: use only those that can be recycled and thereby reduce the appearance of non-degradable or long-degrading waste.
The latter include:
- glass bottles - about 1 million years
- - about 100 years
- rubber shoe sole - about 80 years
- - about 50 years
- nylon products - about 40 years
- polyethylene products - 20 years
- and cigarette butts - about 5 years.
There is also a list of hazardous items that need to be placed in a special box or box to be later left in a designated area for such waste or taken to a specialized disposal area.
Such waste includes:
- accumulators and batteries;
- waste of solvents, paints, varnish;
- expired medicines and medicines;
- and much more.
Also, they take out to specialized recycling zones non-working large household appliances:
- refrigerators;
- hair dryers;
- irons;
- electric stoves;
- mixers;
- players;
- columns and the like;
- old furniture.
Three main stages of waste sorting
- Separation of food waste from household waste.
- Sorting of household waste to be recycled.
- Utilization of biowaste (leaves and branches of trees, hay, etc.).
The containers include:
- all plastic utensils
- boxes and bottles of yogurt, butter, ketchup, etc.
- bottles of detergents and cleaners
- all packaging bags and films
- candy wrappers
- plastic packaging for cheeses and sausages, household chemicals, juices, milk and kefir
- tin cans from under preservation and canned food
- caps from beer bottles and soda
- foil and broken containers
Waste paper includes:
- old letters and newspapers
- , magazines, brochures and catalogs
- used notebooks and sketchbooks
- wrapping and
- cardboard folders
- boxes and boxes and other clean and dry
Biodegradable waste includes:
- tea leaves and tea bags
- kitchen paper towels
- nails
- hair
- napkins
- fish and meat
- the remains of plants or flowers.
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Non-degradable food waste such as: large animal bones, drinks, and soups are sorted separately from decaying waste.
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harmful to environment waste is disposed of separately. So, batteries and accumulators containing toxic substances are collected in special small boxes. You can pick them up at a store or supermarket and then return them there so that their contents can be properly disposed of.
How is garbage sorted in the US?
Ten or fifteen years ago, Americans believed that separate waste collection was incompatible with their mentality. Today they
conscientiously sort waste and even annually celebrate Recycling Day.
Recycling Day in the United States has been celebrated on November 15 since 1997. The holiday is designed to draw American attention to waste: on this day, the government promulgates new laws and sums up old recycling programs, rewards companies that have achieved good recycling rates, in general, encourages Americans to sort in every possible way.
Most often, in houses equipped with a garbage chute, they throw out food waste, folded into one bag. What cannot be sorted is thrown away in another bag.
Old paper is folded side by side, cans and bottles are placed in a container located on the site. All this is then taken out by the garbage man.
In some states, for example, in San Francisco (California), near houses that are not equipped with a garbage chute, special containers are installed for different types of waste: for glass, aluminum cans, plastic packaging and bottles; for paper and cardboard; for food waste.
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Later, a garbage truck arrives for these containers, and in some states there is not even one. For example, in Florida, the population is served by special cars with separate compartments: plastic is loaded into one, and paper into the other. A car passes by, which picks up food waste.
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In other states, separate collection days are arranged for the collection of sorted waste. Local authorities inform the population in advance about the time when everyone can take out paper, glass and plastic to the roadway. After that, special cars drive along the street, collecting sorted garbage.
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Americans are actively sorting waste, thanks to the introduction of differentiated fees for the removal of solid waste (municipal solid waste). The amount of garbage that is taken out of your house every day determines the amount of the disposal fee.
Therefore, it is more profitable to reduce the amount of daily garbage and accumulate what can be sorted before the official waste collection day, because the garbage separated into fractions is taken out for free.
Someone independently takes paper, glass, plastic to special collections for garbage to be recycled. Often such containers are installed near large shopping centers: people come with bags and throw paper, plastic, glass into the appropriate containers.
Sometimes tanks and shoes are also installed near the shops - they are then transferred to those in need. There are also special items where you can donate your unwanted sweater or jeans.
Also in stores - most often in those that sell household appliances - there are special containers where you can.
Raising a reasonable attitude towards waste begins in the United States as early as childhood: a lot of attention is paid at school, students are taught how important it is to reduce and properly sort garbage. Moreover, competitions for the collection of waste paper or plastic containers are regularly held.
The school program provides for 100 mandatory hours of volunteering, which includes street cleaning. Often, students participate in the Adopt a Territory program: within the framework of it, children take patronage over a part of a square, park, forest and maintain order there.
Thus, the government hopes to form new type Americans who, from a young age, will also monitor the level of waste in their own home and in the country.
How is garbage sorted in Japan?
In Japan, the problem of waste disposal is especially relevant, since the islands do not have much space for their disposal. Largely for this reason, the Japanese have long developed a system for sorting and recycling garbage, and also came up with a special “waste-free” philosophy.
The principles of waste separation in Japan depend on the region and the requirements of the municipal authorities, but most often the waste is divided into four categories, which are somewhat different from the separation we are used to.
Here, non-combustible, combustible, recyclable and bulky garbage is placed in different tanks.
Moreover, for each type of waste, special bags of a certain color and volume are designed to make it easier to distinguish what type of waste they contain.
On large-sized things, which, of course, do not fit in packages, special stickers are pasted.
To ensure that everything is sorted correctly, the workers serving the garbage truck are watching. The garbage collection truck arrives at certain hours.
By this time, the residents have taken out their bags, and since they are transparent, the scavengers have the opportunity to see if the waste is sorted correctly. If there are violations, the packages are not accepted.
The garbage truck arrives not only at certain hours, but also at certain days. Each type of waste is taken out exactly on the appointed day of the week, which one is determined by the municipality.
In search of a solution to the most important environmental problem of garbage, it will certainly be worthy of attention to familiarize yourself with the experience of other developed countries.
The threatening growth in the amount of waste cannot be tied to a certain territory - this phenomenon is common throughout the world. However, some countries have the upper hand in this matter, through the implementation of effective methods. Consider them on the example of three cities.
Solving the garbage problem in San Francisco, USA
The goal of this city in the fight against large amounts of garbage is to reduce the amount of waste to zero. It is planned to achieve this by 2020. On the this moment 75% of waste is recyclable. And this is in a city that ranks second in the country in terms of population density (the number of city residents is 850,000).
Here are a few interesting facts waste management practiced in this city:
- all food establishments are required to sort food waste;
- 99% of the population use separate waste collection, which consists in sorting waste;
- Hazardous waste is sorted separately and disposed of;
- sorted waste from textiles is subject to processing;
- in the city it is forbidden (!) to use disposable plastic bags.
Waste in the city is sorted into wet and dry raw materials, and other waste. Waste sorting is mandatory for businesses - otherwise fines are collected.
This European capital combines annual recycling of 60% of waste with the lowest recycling costs in Europe. They are not going to stop there, the goal set by the residents of Ljubljana for 2030 is to achieve a reduction in waste per person per year to 50 kg per year. At the moment, the mass of waste that is buried annually per person is 121 kg.
An alternative to waste incineration, which is quite expensive and has a negative impact on the biosphere, is the recycling of raw materials. The authorities decided to abandon the construction of waste incineration plants, which was scheduled for 2014, because the new method is much more efficient, economical and aimed at protecting the environment.
One of the ways to achieve this goal is the fact that a special employee comes to each apartment for waste. At an early stage of collection, the garbage is subject to sorting, which greatly simplifies the further processing procedure.
Mixed waste disposal has been replaced by sorted raw materials, and waste collection prices have declined. The city opens points for the exchange of things. The environmental relevance of processing and recycling of raw materials is promoted among the population, which leads to a conscious attitude of people towards the environment.
Kamikatsu, Japan
Residents of this city plan to get rid of garbage by 2020. Already, 80% of waste is recycled in the city. Citizens independently sort all the garbage into more than 30 (!) categories, separating metal cans, cardboard, plastic, paper leaflets, etc. from each other.
This practice began back in 2003, after a detailed analysis of the harm that inflicts on the environment and the health of the inhabitants of the waste incineration enterprise. There are 2,000 people living in the city, and in a few years they have been able to implement a responsible waste management program. Today, sorting for them is an ordinary process, part of everyday life.
To control the waste separation process, a special center has been created, whose employees advise residents and help in sorting. Recycling of textiles, the work of enterprises for the recycling of household items has led to a saving of 30% of the budget, when compared with the cost of incinerating a similar amount of garbage.
