How to switch to winter time. From winter to summer: Where and when do the clocks change. And what happens with time abroad

18.12.2021

A few years ago in Russia, it was customary to turn the clock hands twice a year. This procedure has a long history in our country, more than a century.

Saving way

Switching to daylight saving time is not an idea of yesterday or even the day before yesterday.

It all started in the 18th century, when the famous American Benjamin Franklin suggested changing the clock in order to save candles, but the manufacturers of these same candles blocked this promising project.

The idea began to find understanding at the beginning of the 20th century, when economically developed countries became concerned about saving electricity. In the UK, a bill was even drafted to introduce "summer" time, but it was not passed until the First World War. Germany, which was at war with the British, became the leader. In order to save fuel, she switched to "summer" time on April 30, 1916. Other countries followed. In Russia, in order to introduce this innovation, it was necessary to overthrow the autocracy. On July 14, 1917, by decree of the Provisional Government, the hands of all clocks in the country were moved forward one hour, but in order to move them back, the authorities again had to change. On January 9, 1918, the decision of the Council of People's Commissars restored the former state of time.

First daylight saving time in the United States in 1918.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org

The then introduced practice of switching from "summer" to "winter" time continued until 1924. And here the economy was in the first place.

Over time on you

In 1930, the so-called maternity time was introduced in the USSR. By decision of the allied Council of People's Commissars of June 16, the clock hands were moved an hour ahead of standard time, but they were not moved back, this went on for more than half a century. Such a procedure was resumed in 1981, but already relative to maternity time. Several times the transfer date changed, but in 1984 it became stable and was produced on the last Sunday of March and the last Sunday of October.

The opinion of our fellow citizens about the seasonal translation of the clock hands is not unambiguous. Many complain about the deterioration of health, even revealed a new disease - desynchronosis (disturbance of normal life).

On February 8, 2011, the President of the Russian Federation announced his decision to cancel the annual clock change, starting with the cancellation of the return to "winter" time in the fall of 2011. The Federal Law "On the Calculation of Time" and the corresponding government decree were adopted.

Since the invention Daylight saving time (DST - Daylight Saving Time) - the time entered for the summer period is shifted 1 hour ahead of the time adopted in this time zone. "> DST (daylight saving time) in 1874 (transfer of clocks to extend daylight hours), disputes about the appropriateness of this measure do not subside. The author of the arrow translation was an American politician, inventor and scientist Benjamin Franklin, who, while in Paris as the US Ambassador, noticed that at 6 in the morning the sun was already shining with might and main. This prompted him to think about saving candles and lamp oil for lighting.

Points for and against"

Are you in favor of changing the time to 1 hour?

YesNot

Adherents of this measure emphasize energy savings, since the transition to Summer time (DST - Daylight Saving Time) - the time entered for the summer period is shifted forward by 1 hour relative to the time adopted in this time zone.">summer time allows rational use of daylight hours.

It is worth considering that it is winter time that is standard for us, so shifting the hands an hour ahead on March Sunday is a completely artificial measure and is not connected with nature.
Opponents of the clock shift argue about the rationality of the transition, deny any savings and believe that “jumps” in time disrupt daily biorhythms and harm health.

Is it possible to change the clock 2020 for Russia?

The change of time from "summer" to "winter" is quite a common occurrence for residents of many developed countries. Relatively recently, they included Russians who regularly changed their clocks, changing their lifestyle twice a year.

For the first time, clock hands in Russia were translated back in 1917. Since then, the Bolsheviks introduced and abolished summer time with enviable regularity (1918, 1921, and so on).

For the past few years, the inhabitants of the country have been living according to the natural "winter" time, which turned out to be very comfortable for most citizens. However, news about the possibility of resuming the switchover is constantly being monitored, as many politicians say that a return to such a measure is necessary.

In the minds of many, memories of the painful change of the hour of waking up and going to bed are still quite fresh, so most Russians would like to make sure in advance that the government will not follow the lead of populist politicians. Leapfrog with the "temporary" issue is already quite tired of the citizens.

Why is the return of the transition to "summer" time in Russia started talking again?

Adherents of the return of the translation of the arrows talk about savings across the country within 4 billion rubles due to the fact that one hundred daylight hours will be used more fully. Advocates of the return of this measure say that the inconvenience of switching arrows is not such a big price compared to the benefits.

According to some politicians, the funds saved through the transition can be used to implement some anti-crisis programs and provide a number of important budget expenditure items. Officials also talk about complaints from residents of the eastern regions of the country, for whom the current “winter” time is absolutely not suitable due to a significant reduction in the length of daylight hours.

It is not necessary to translate clock hands in Russia in 2020

The transition to summer time for Ukraine will take place in the usual manner

The clock hands in the homes of Ukrainians will traditionally be moved forward an hour on the night from the last Saturday to the last Sunday in March. Discussions about the expediency of the transition do not stop in the country, and politicians do not stop saying that “this time the transition will really be the last one.”

Ukrainians have long been skeptical about what the powers that be promise them, and they know that local politicians will do what the EU countries will do. And the EU plans in 2019 for the last time without fail to shift the hands of the clock to "summer" time. Countries will be able to switch back to "winter" at will.

By the way, quite a lot of economically developed countries have abandoned the practice of switching arrows:

Japan (1952).
Belarus (2011).
Russia (2014).
Iceland (2014).
EU (2019).

As in other countries, opponents of the clock change in Ukraine argue about the negative impact of the change of time on the well-being and health of people. After the translation of the arrows, a person needs a certain period for adaptation and restructuring of the body. It has been proven that in the first week after a change of time, the number of injuries caused by inattention of people due to lack of sleep increases by 8 percent. The translation of the arrows becomes a trigger for:

interruptions in sleep and wakefulness;
increase in fatigue;
decrease in the protective functions of the body;
occurrence of stress.

In Orthodox Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, the translation of arrows falls on the period of Great Lent, combined with spring beriberi. Together, these factors have a very negative effect on the body weakened after the winter.

What does summer time 2020 mean for Belarus

The state is one of the three European countries that refused to change the time seasonally. The last time the Belarusians moved the clock hands was at the end of March 2011. With the change of time to summer time, Minsk will have the same time as Kyiv and Vilnius, and the time will differ from Warsaw by an hour. In all other respects, this event, which disturbs other Europeans, will take place routinely and imperceptibly for Belarusians.

Time and travel

The main reason why Belarusians and Russians should be aware of summer time is travel to other states. In any country, the time of departure of a train, plane or bus is indicated according to local time, which for Europe automatically implies a shift forward by one hour on the night of March 31.

To easily survive the transfer of hands to summer time and adapt to the shift by an hour, you should walk more in the air, eat the right diet, get enough rest and try to avoid stress. In the end, the situation is not as terrible and unpleasant as traveling by plane across the ocean with a time shift of 8 or more hours. The crews of aircraft and ships calmly endure the change of time zones, sometimes a couple of times a week, so it’s worth continuing to live as usual, without overstrain and worries.

Technical questions

Modern electronic devices, smartphones, computers and other gadgets are able to automatically independently change the time from "winter" to "summer" and vice versa. An ordinary person will have to manually translate only mechanical watches.

This is not at all the case with precision manufacturing equipment, which requires readjustment after each switch change. Some economists believe that such work completely eliminates the benefits of changing time.

Residents of Russia and Belarus should pay attention to their gadgets on Sunday, March 31, as they can independently shift the system time.

The transition to winter time in 2019 in some European countries traditionally took place on the last Sunday of October - on the night of October 27. Whether the clock is translated in 2019 in Russia - we will tell further.

Most European countries have not yet decided on a time zone. If we ignore the idea of unity within the pan-European integration, then for each state separately this issue is of a strategic nature and affects national interests. For example, in Germany, the government has not yet decided what time to choose - summer or winter. But what about Russia?

Will Russia change clocks

Despite the fact that State Duma deputies often propose to return the translation of time, this will never happen in Russia. The thing is that the country has been living in winter time for five years now. If the president of the country decides to switch the arrows, the first switch will take place only in the spring.

Dmitry Medvedev put forward the idea of translating arrows when he was still in office of the country's president. This year, Prime Minister Medvedev has already proposed the introduction of a four-day work week, with which no one agrees so far.

Refusal to change the clock belongs to the same series. In European countries, this will happen only in 2021. By this time, each state must decide whether it will switch from summer to winter and vice versa. It depends on the decision made when the last time transfer occurs. In 2019, they do not switch clocks to daylight saving time in Russia, according to the law, since 2014, clock hands do not need to be translated anymore.

How to survive the clock change?

Changing the clock often affects health. During this period, the number of heart attacks, depression and even suicide increases.

Here's what you need to know about potential dangers:

1. According to a number of studies, in the first days after the switch to winter time, the number of heart attacks and suicides increases sharply.

The first is related to the change in the duration of sleep. You can avoid danger by trying to smoothly adjust your daily routine to the transition to winter time.

2. Due to the aggravation of the autumn depression during this period, the number of suicides increases. Shortening of daylight hours and lack of sunlight upon awakening are key factors in this aggravation.

If you are prone to depression, try to minimize the number of stressful situations in your life during this period, because any of them can play the role of a "trigger".

3. According to statistics, the number of traffic accidents increases on the first day after the arrows are turned back an hour.

If you feel stressed out and generally tend to get nervous from lack of sleep, try not to drive.

In general, in the first days after the transition to winter time, it is better to try to avoid stressful situations and responsible affairs.

4. Sleep is the best way to protect yourself from the negative effects of changing the clock hands to winter time.

A few days before the upcoming clock change, it's best to start going to bed later. At least 15 minutes, but half an hour is better.

What other countries switch to winter/summer time?

In the list - 63 countries and 10 territories:

Australia
Austria
Åland Islands
Albania
Andorra
Bahamas
Belgium
Bermuda
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vatican
Great Britain
Hungary
Haiti
Germany
gansi
Gibraltar
State of Palestine
Greenland
Greece
Denmark
Jersey
Israel
Jordan
Ireland
Spain
Italy
Canada
Republic of Kosovo
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
North Macedonia
Malta
Mexico
Moldova
Monaco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Isle Of Man
Paraguay
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Samoa
San Marino
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Serbia
Syria
Slovakia
Slovenia
Turks and Caicos
Tonga
Ukraine
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
Croatia
Montenegro
Czech
Switzerland
Sweden
Estonia.

In 2019, Russia will again start moving the clock hands in spring and autumn - such categorical news has spread on the network. One can really expect anything from the Russian legislature. In recent years, Russia has managed to plunge into permanent summer time, very soon it switched to permanent winter time. No one would be surprised if this constancy ends just as quickly and everything returns to where it started. Will there be a clock translation in Russia in 2019 - is there really a law passed that returns the seasonal translation of the hands in the country.

Russia in 2019 is again waiting for the clock change - is it true?

A lot of Internet portals confidently write - yes, in the spring of 2019, the Russians will begin to move the clock back and forth twice a year. However, it is at least too early to talk about this, and in reality such a decision has not been made. Let's figure out what's wrong with the news about the return of the clocks in the country since 2019.

All online media that confidently write about the return of seasonal clock changes in Russia (which is typical, there is not a single large and authoritative source among them) refer to the decision of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Indeed, in mid-November 2018, the Civic Chamber discussed the problem of clock change in Russia. Members of the OP proposed to return everything as it was before 2011, when clocks in Russia were moved forward and backward in spring and autumn, respectively.

It was proposed, but not decided and not decided, as some unfortunate journalists on the Internet are in a hurry to report!

The Public Chamber is not a government body; there is no mention of it, for example, in the Constitution of Russia. Members of the OP participate in this body on a voluntary basis, and their task is to give advice and consultations to real authorities, nothing more.

In a certain sense, the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation is a simulacrum of parliament. While there is no real discussion in the State Duma, and the deputies stamp out all the laws that the government or the presidential administration passes to them, the Civic Chamber performs part of the functions of a normal parliament of a democratic country, discussing pressing issues and arguing about this or that issue.

In order for the recommendations of the OP to be implemented, the real authorities must agree with them. After that, a draft law will appear, for which the deputies of the Duma must vote in three readings. Then the document is sent for approval to the Federation Council, and in the end - for the signature of the President of the country.

Let this one not be quick, and the adoption of the law takes months, if not years. Unless it's some kind of urgent priority, which hardly includes the clock change.

Thus, there is simply nothing to talk about yet. Yes, something was discussed in a meaningless state body and something was recommended. There is not even a hint of the adoption of a real law on this topic yet.

Photo: www.pxhere.com

Will there be a bill on the translation of clocks in Russia in 2019

It is characteristic that such a bill was already submitted to the Duma in February 2018. The document was rejected.

Most likely, another similar draft law will also be rejected. For example, it is very difficult to imagine that the return to the translation of clocks in Russia would be supported by the government. The Cabinet of Ministers is headed by Dmitry Medvedev, who is considered the author of the reform with the establishment of a constant time and the refusal to switch arrows twice a year. The first such reform was carried out during his presidency, and then it was only slightly corrected. A return to the translation of clocks may hurt the prime minister's vanity, especially since constant time is almost the only thing (besides changing the name of the police) that has been preserved in the country since his presidency.

To change the clock in spring and autumn or not is a very controversial issue. How much this or that option affects human health, whether the clock change allows you to save energy resources - there is no solid understanding anywhere in the world.

The constant time is being prepared in Europe, the European Union was going to abandon the transfer of arrows already in 2019. But even there, the decision has been postponed for the time being, at least until 2021.

On July 14 (July 1, according to the old style), 1917, the transition from "winter" to "summer" time was carried out for the first time in Russia.

The expression summer time (summer time or Daylight Saving Time) means an hour ahead of the time adopted in the given time zone. It is introduced for the summer period in order to save electricity by the governments of a number of countries approximately north of 30 ° north latitude and south of 30 ° south latitude.

Switching clock hands to "summer" time is not advisable everywhere. In tropical latitudes (less than 23.5°), daylight hours vary little throughout the year. In polar latitudes (more than 66.33°) there is a polar day and a polar night. The effect of shifting clock hands to "summer" and "winter" time can take place in the latitude range from 30 to 55 °.

The duration of "summer" time in different countries decreases from north to south, amounting to 20-30 weeks in April-May, summer months and September-October (in the northern hemisphere) and about 20 weeks in November-March (in the southern hemisphere) . With a significant decrease in the duration of daylight hours, the time is transferred back an hour. The mode of life according to the usual zone time in everyday life is called "winter" time.

For the first time, the idea of \u200b\u200btransferring clocks arose in the 18th century with the American public figure Benjamin Franklin (Benjamin Franklin) in order to save candles for lighting, but was blocked by candle manufacturers.

In 1895, New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson submitted a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour shift to preserve daylight.

The idea of introducing "summer" time found support in most economically developed countries at the beginning of the 20th century, during the period of mass electrification of industry and everyday life. A more rational use of daylight was supposed to reduce the cost of electricity for lighting the premises.

In Great Britain, in 1909, a bill was drawn up on the introduction of "summer" time, which was repeatedly considered in Parliament, but was not adopted until the First World War.

Many states immediately after the end of the war abandoned "summer" time, others repeatedly introduced this time, then abandoned it, and some countries maintained such a time shift throughout the year.

Transfer to "summer" time was introduced in case of crisis situations, for example, during the Second World War (USA, Great Britain), during the oil crisis of 1973-1974 (USA, Germany and other countries).

In Russia, for the first time, this transition was carried out on July 1 (July 14, according to the new style), 1917, when, in accordance with the decree of the Provisional Government, the hands of all clocks in the country were moved one hour ahead.

They were transferred back on December 27, 1917 (January 9, 1918, according to the new style), already in accordance with the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 22, 1917 (January 4, 1918, according to the new style).

The practice of switching from "summer" to "winter" time continued until 1924.

Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 16, 1930 introduced maternity time on the territory of the USSR. Then the hands of the clock were moved one hour ahead of standard time and after that they were not moved back, and the country began to live and work all year round, one hour ahead of the natural daily cycle. The transfer of clock hands to "summer" time was resumed from April 1, 1981, but already relative to the daylight savings time. Thus, in the country "summer" time was two hours ahead of standard time.

In the USSR, and since 1991 in Russia, the introduction of "summer" time was carried out on the night of the last Saturday on the last Sunday of March, and "winter" - on the night of the last Saturday on the last Sunday of September.

In 1996, the period of "summer" time in Russia was "in order to observe a single time regime with other countries. The transition to" winter "time began to be carried out on the last Sunday of October, as in all of Europe.

At the same time, the majority of the Russian population opposed summer time.

July 21, 2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin on Russia's transition from October 26, 2014 to "winter" time. In most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the clocks were set back an hour, and in the future, the seasonal translation of the hands was not carried out. Five regions of Russia (Udmurtia, Samara Region, Kemerovo Region, Kamchatka Territory and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) did not switch to "winter" time.

After that, complaints began to come from a number of regions about the lack of sunlight in the evenings. In 2016, the Russian authorities approved laws that made it possible to move the clock forward: in the Republic of Altai, Altai and Trans-Baikal Territories, Sakhalin, Astrakhan, Magadan, Tomsk, Ulyanovsk, Novosibirsk and.

Currently, there is no consensus among experts and the international community on the significant savings in energy resources during the transition to daylight saving time.

In 2017, more than 70 countries and territories implemented the transition to "summer" / "winter" time. Of the former Soviet republics, "summer" time was introduced only by Moldova, Ukraine and the three Baltic republics - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources