What vices did Muhammad encourage people to get rid of? The moral character of Muhammad and his prophetic claims. Lying or breaking a promise is hypocrisy

"(Riyad as-Salihin 183/3; 245/2; Sahih al-Bukhari 13).

He also owns the statement: “Whoever helps his brother in faith at a difficult moment, Allah will help on the Day of Judgment, for Allah always helps a person as long as he helps others” .

To greet others is to spread the world

Lying or breaking a promise is hypocrisy

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “He who has four qualities is a complete hypocrite, and whoever has one of these qualities will have one hypocrite quality until he gets rid of it: 1. When he is trusted, he betrays trust. 2. When he speaks, he lies. 3. When he concludes a contract, he violates it. 4. When he argues, he is treacherous" .

The Prophet ﷺ called for moderation and rational thinking

He called for a moderate way of life and rational thinking. It is reported that three men came to his house to ask him about how he performs the worship of Allah. The Prophet ﷺ was not at home and his wife spoke to them. From a conversation with her, they realized that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not worship as much as they expected from the Prophet ﷺ. In accordance with their understanding, they believed that a pious person should lead a life of celibacy. They also believed that in addition to the daily five prayers, every night should be spent praying and ﷺ called for maintaining the correct balance of spiritual and physical. Body and soul must be equally satisfied within the limits of permitted means.

The Prophet ﷺ called for the use of religion in order to improve and facilitate life, and not to complicate it. He also urged people to take care of their bodies and be moderate in their food intake. (This is part of the instructions of the Prophet ﷺ that the stomach should be two-thirds full: one third of the stomach should be filled with food, the second with liquid, and the third should be kept empty for breathing.)

The Prophet ﷺ was against violence

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never resorted to violence as a means of bringing the word of Allah to people and did not impose religion on anyone. Although he ﷺ

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ respected the opinions of other people. Whenever the Prophet ﷺ gave his companions instructions that could be understood in different ways, he approved of all the decisions they made (provided that this decision was within the framework of Islamic law).

When Amr bin As was criticized for leading the prayer without ablution, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ listened to him and approved his decision. Amr explained that it was cold that night, and he was afraid to take a bath, believing that he might get sick.

Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that he served the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for ten years and the Prophet ﷺ never asked him why you did this and why you did not do otherwise.

Taken from the book "Muhammad - Man, Leader and Messenger of Allah ﷺ »

The Prophet Muhammad, at the age of 40, was a successful merchant and a respectable family man. From time to time he retired away from everyone, preferring to think and contemplate in solitude. At the same time, the inhabitants of Mecca treated him with great confidence, came with their problems and disputes, left their valuables for storage. But all this changed as soon as the Prophet Muhammad, after one of his seclusions, informed people that the angel Gabriel (Jibril) descended to him, bringing him verses from the Koran. Thus began his prophetic mission. From that moment on, his life no longer belonged to him alone, now he devoted himself to the spread of Islam.

Previous events in his life have now acquired a new meaning. The prophet could be convinced that the Almighty had ordained certain incidents in his past precisely for this prophetic mission. Indeed, before meeting the angel, Muhammad's life can be called relatively easy: he had a happy family, children, financial well-being He was surrounded by friends and family who loved and respected him.

As soon as Muhammad proclaimed his prophetic mission, many things changed in his life: he became poor, rejected, and his life was repeatedly in danger. But it is safe to say that wealth, greatness, power and influence were the last thing the prophet was worried about at that moment. The prophet already had all this once, although in a relatively small size. Thus, by declaring his prophecy and the mission entrusted to him, Muhammad gained absolutely nothing. On the contrary, people began to insult, ridicule and physically humiliate both the prophet himself and his family members and followers, their way of life definitely changed for the worse.

One of the prophet's followers described him thus new life: « The messenger of God did not even see bread made from quality flour since he became a prophet, until his death» . Another said: “Dying, the Messenger of Allah did not leave behind any money or anything of value. He left nothing but a white mule on which he rode, his weapons and a piece of land that he donated to the travelers.

Indeed, it was so. At the end of his life, the Prophet Muhammad headed the whole state, could manage its treasury, but he lived as before - simply and ascetically, focusing on fulfilling his mission and worshiping God. Surprisingly, the responsibility was assigned to him both as a prophet, and as a statesman, and a teacher, and a military leader, and a judge, and a mediator, but, despite all these worries, the Prophet Muhammad independently milked his goats, darned clothes and repaired shoes, and He also helped his family with household chores. Indeed, the life of the Prophet Muhammad was an outstanding example of modesty and simplicity. He did not differ in any way from his followers in clothing or way of life, and if someone outside visited the meeting of Muslims, then by no means could he single out the Prophet Muhammad there.

In the early years of his prophetic mission, long before there was any success, Muhammad received a tempting offer from the leaders of Mecca. They thought that prophecy was some way for Muhammad to acquire earthly goods for himself, so they suggested to him: “If you strive for wealth, then we will collect enough money for you, and you will become the richest among us. If you desire power, then we are ready to elect you as our leader, and not a single thing will be done without your consent. If you wish to reign, then we can crown you and make you our king…” Whatever the time, it will be very difficult for any person who receives such an offer to make a choice. However, Muhammad neither then nor later sought personal enrichment or power. In response to their tempting offer, the Meccan leaders asked only one thing from Muhammad: stop calling to Islam, stop calling to worship only one God instead of the many deities that the Meccans had . But the Prophet Muhammad rejected their proposal.

There was another similar case when Muhammad's uncle named Abu Talib was seriously worried about the life of his nephew and began to beg him to stop the call to Islam. But again Muhammad decisively rejected this proposal and answered thus: “I swear to God, O my uncle, that even if they put the sun in my right hand, and the moon to the left, so that I stop my work (calling people to faith), then even then I would not agree, and either the Lord will lead this business to success, or I will perish defending it.

The inhabitants of Mecca, who remained in disbelief, took many ways to denigrate Muhammad, to humiliate his religion, to which he called people. They were especially contemptuous of the Qur'an, rejected the very possibility that the Qur'an was sent down from God, and considered it the work of Muhammad. All this was done in order to turn people away, to prevent them from listening to the Prophet and from believing in him. But the Prophet Muhammad was not the author of the Qur'an. He couldn't read or write at all. And even more so, he could not predict or have knowledge of many scientific facts contained in the Koran.

In addition, if Muhammad were the author of the Koran, he would mention and praise himself in it much more often. The name of Jesus and Moses (peace be upon them) is found much more often in the Qur'an. Some verses censure and correct Muhammad. Would a false prophet run the risk of looking like an ordinary fallible person?

Prophet Muhammad was an uneducated merchant. His life would have remained unremarkable if it had not been for the participation of the Almighty from the very beginning. The Lord was preparing him for the great mission of the prophet, preparing him to lead the whole of humanity. Muhammad has a well-established reputation as a truthful, honest, just, generous and sincere person. He hated with all his heart the idolatry and moral decline in which his society was mired.

Looking at the life of the Prophet Muhammad, we are convinced that all of it was spent in the service of God, and his main goal was to convey the received message to the people. This mission laid a heavy burden of responsibility on his shoulders, and even in the course of his farewell sermon, he, turning to the people, asked them: did he convey the message of God? But if Muhammad had aspired to fame or power, then he would have long ago accepted the offer to become the head of Mecca, as he was offered. If he aspired to wealth, he would never have preferred to live a simple life, when he had to somehow make ends meet, but would have lived as befits kings or emperors. On the one hand, a simple and unpretentious way of life, on the other hand, a great mission, a firm desire to convey the divine message to people are clear signs of a real prophet.

Notes

All the Prophets, starting from the forefather of mankind Adam (aleihissalam) and ending with the seal of the Prophets Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), urged people to recognize the same religious views. This is, first of all, to believe in the uniqueness of Allah and not to recognize, besides Him, any other power. In Islam it is calledtawheed. The Quran says the following about it:

وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ اِلاَّ نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ

اِلاَّ أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ

“We have not sent a single messenger before you without inspiring him: “There is no god but Me. So worship me."

Before the advent of Islam, the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula believed in Allah, but they became polytheists, since along with the Lord they began to worship other gods. Thus, they fell into a strong delusion. And the behavior of the Arabs was explained by the fact that in this way they intended to achieve closeness to Allah, they believed that other gods would intercede for them. The Almighty Creator in the Qur'an draws our attention to these circumstances, since the signs of polytheists and idolaters were as follows:

“If you ask them: “Who created the heavens and the earth, subjugated the sun and the moon to his power?” - they will certainly answer: "Allah." But how they turned away [from faith in the One God, after they recognized him].”

"Oh yeah! Sincere faith [can be] only in Allah. And those who recognized other patrons besides Him, [claimed]: "We worship them only so that they bring us closer to Allah as much as possible." Allah will judge them in that in which they contradict [one another]. Indeed, Allah will not guide the liars and disbelievers to the straight path.

“Allah said: “Do not worship two gods, for He is the One God. And just be afraid of me.”

In these verses, the Lord requires people to completely get rid of all erroneous views and profess the correct and true religion. The Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was sent by the Prophet to the most ignorant tribes of Arabia, and his mission was to fight against misconceptions. In addition, he had to educate people in the true religion and teach the correct dogma.

Tawhid- this is the pronunciation of the testimony of faith "La ilaha illa Allah" (there is no God but Allah) and life with a deep awareness of the uniqueness of the Creator. But, first of all, you need to help people get rid of erroneous views. The first thing we say when pronouncing the testimony of faith is “La”, that is, negation, and this is the initial condition for comprehending the true tawhid. Therefore, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) began his mission with this. And as soon as he "destroyed" all the gods, idols and helped people "throw" them out of their hearts and souls, he gradually began to "sprout the seeds" "Illa Allah."

The basis of tawhid is clearly expressed in Surah Ikhlyas. This sura is also called "Sura Tawhida".

“Say: “He is Allah - One; Allah alone is eternal, all needs are alien to Him, but we need only Him. He does not beget and He is not begotten. He is inimitable and incomparable (with nothing that our vision can grasp or earthly knowledge can grasp) ”

In another surah, the creed of Islam is already explained in detail:

“Say: “Who is the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the earth?”
(In response) say: "Allah!"

« He is the creator of heaven and earth! How can He have a child if He did not have a wife, [if] He created all things and is aware of all things”?

“This is Allah, your Lord. There is no God but Him, the Creator of all things. So worship Him, for He is the ruler of all things.”

The next verse states that He alone is the only Lord of the vast universe.

“And, verily, Allah gnaws (for the growth of a shoot) both a grain (of any cereal) and a stone (from the fruit of a date palm). He draws life from the dead (flesh), from the depths of the living causes death. Such is Allah! And how reckless you are (that you stand aside from His Truth)! He cuts (the sky) with the morning dawn and assigns night for rest, and the sun and moon - to keep track of time. This is the establishment of Him Who is wise and mighty beyond measure. He is the One who placed the stars (for your needs) to show you the way when darkness (falls) on land or sea. Thus We explain Our signs to those in whom knowledge dwells. He is the One Who raised you from one soul, initially placing you in the loins of your husband, then in the safe womb of his wife. Thus We explain Our signs to those who have understanding. He is the one who brings down water from heaven for you."

As follows from the content of the above verses, Almighty Allah focuses on His unlimited power.

Along with this, one should not forget that faith in the Prophets, who convey Divine messages to people, is also one of the main provisions of religion, because the second part of the shahada (evidence of faith) consists of the words “Muhammad Rasulullah” (Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah). Another one important feature which is repeatedly emphasized in the Qur'an is the belief in the prophecy of Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

But besides this, in various verses of the Qur'an, other foundations of faith are also reported. This is faith in the Prophets, in Divine books, in angels, faith in predestination and faith in the End of the World.

For twenty-three years, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) tirelessly conveyed divine revelations and taught people the basics of faith. And the most remarkable thing is that all his associates without any doubt trusted him, believed in his chosenness and infallibility. After all, everyone knows that it is very difficult to get rid of the beliefs and attitudes instilled in childhood. It is difficult to get rid of customs and traditions, habits and manners, culture and way of life.

It is known that the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made rather serious remarks to some companions who could not immediately understand the essence of Islam - the teaching of tawhid, or could not part with some old views. An example is certain episodes that happened during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). During the march to Hunain, the Muslims came across a tree called "Zati anvat". The pagans attached special qualities to this tree and considered it sacred. Therefore, they always hung their weapons on the branches of this tree. Some of the companions turned to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) with a request:

- O Messenger of Allah! Could you choose a tree for us, so that we, as pagans, can hang our equipment on it?

Hearing this request, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) exclaimed:

- Subhanallah! This is very similar to the request of the Jews, with which they turned to the Prophet Moses: “Musa, you build a God for us, similar to the one that these people have!” I swear by Allah, in whose will my soul is, by your behavior you show that you are still following in the footsteps of a people who lived a long time ago.

- O Messenger of Allah! You are worthy to be worshipped!

However, Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sharply rebuked him:

- Do not under any circumstances do this!

According to Jubair bin Mut’ to them (radiyallahu anhu), once a Bedouin came to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and made the following request:

- O Messenger of Allah! Our people are in a difficult situation and are in dire need. Many people died. Animals fell. Pray to Allah for us to send rain on us. We ask for your intercession before Allah and we ask for the intercession of Allah before you!

In response, Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) exclaimed indignantly:

- Woe to you! Do you even understand the meaning of what you are asking now? Subhanallah!

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) repeated the word “Subhanallah” so often that all the companions present here were alarmed. Then he said to the Bedouin:

- Woe to you! Remember, Allah is never made an intercessor in front of an ordinary mortal! For He is above all!

The words of the Bedouin "We ask the intercession of Allah before you" are erroneous from the point of view of Islamic dogma. Usually shafaat (intercession) is used as a means to gain the mercy of Allah. To achieve His mercy, you can ask for the sake of the Prophets, but in order to earn the mercy of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), in no case should you ask the Lord for it. Because it is fundamentally contrary to the teachings of Islam. Not a single creature can be higher and more powerful than Allah, therefore, the use of God as an intercessor in front of anyone is out of the question. Not a single fact is known in the history of mankind for any of the Prophets to claim this. They all said the same thing: "We are ordinary mortals, and our task is only to convey Divine messages." This is stated in the Quran as follows:

“It is not befitting for a person to whom Allah gave the Book, wisdom and prophecy appointed, (with a call) to people to address: “You worship me instead of Allah!” Against! (should he say): “Be loyal to Allah. After all, you teach (others) this Book and you try to comprehend its Truth.

The Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), first of all, tried to cleanse the society of various kinds of delusions. Concerned about this, he asked the Lord to curse those Jews and Christians who made the graves of the Prophets places of worship. Even in relation to himself, he asked his companions not to overstep the bounds and not to exalt him excessively.

Another warning of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), which he made regarding Ethiopian Christians, is also known:

“When one of the righteous died among them, they usually built a church over his grave and painted portraits of the saint on its walls. On the Day of Judgment, these people will suffer the heaviest punishment.”

On the other hand, the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) changed the names of some of the companions for the reason that they resembled pagan beliefs and customs. For example: he replaced the names Abduluzza (slave of Uzza) and Abdushshams (slave of the Sun) with the names Abdullah (slave of Allah) and Abdurrahman (slave of the Merciful). Woman's name Asiya (going against the laws) was replaced by the name Jamila (beautiful).

Along with this, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) threw out some words that contradicted the teachings of Islam from those spells that were used in the days of jahiliyyah, and allowed the companions to use them to cure certain diseases. Awf bin Malik (radiallahu anhu) narrated the following:

“Before accepting Islam, we read special spells over the sick. One day the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asked us:

– Show me those spells! If they do not contain heretical statements, then they can be used.

Umair (radiallahu anhu) narrated the following story:

“Once I read before Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) a spell that I usually used to treat mental patients. He ordered me to delete some expressions from the text. He ordered to keep the rest, that is, he allowed it to be used for the treatment of patients.

Rukia - treatment of the sick with the help of certain spells and prayers. According to the teachings of Islam, people can be treated with spells, but on the condition that they should not contain words that give partners to Allah and sow doubts about the power of the Lord. Subsequently, some verses of the Koran and individual spells began to be used from the evil eye and for protection from evil people and spirits. As mentioned in one of the books, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) saw a yellowed girl in the house of his wife Ummah Salama and commanded those around him:

“This girl was jinxed. So read something over it!”

Another report says that the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) approved of the recitation of Surah Fatiha over the sick.

However, I would like to note that when using any methods of treatment, let it be medicines, let it be spellcasting, you should never forget that healing and salvation depend only on the will of Almighty Allah. Sometimes we, forgetting about this, say that this or that remedy helped, thinking so is a gross mistake. Unfortunately, today many people, leaving the instructions of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), are more inclined to those methods of treatment that were used before the spread of Islam. Especially nowadays, many people go to all sorts of healers and healers, considering them to be great magicians with the power to cure any disease and even bring happiness and good luck. But after all, many of them are ordinary charlatans, pursuing only selfish goals and not disdaining to cash in on someone else's grief. One thing is obvious: taking advantage of the ignorance of people and the lack of elementary knowledge in religious matters, these "highway robbers" are trying to turn the bright path of Islam into a source of profit. There is only one effective means of salvation from this misfortune - this is the constant study of religious provisions and prescriptions, the study of the foundations of the teachings of Islam.

According to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), there are seven deadly sins in the world, which socially, morally and psychologically lead society to collapse and disappointment, sow enmity and hatred. The first of them is the assignment of partners to Allah, and the second is witchcraft. Muhammad (PBUH) said:

Avoid the seven deadly sins!

The companions asked:

- O Messenger of Allah! And what are these sins?

In response, Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) stated the following points:

- Assigning partners to Allah, engaging in witchcraft, killing an innocent person, engaging in usury, using the property of an orphan (by deceit or wrong), leaving the battlefield without permission and accusing a chaste woman of adultery.

As follows from this hadith, practicing witchcraft, even going to a sorcerer in Islam are considered forbidden actions. And if someone believes that he was bewitched or corrupted, instead of going to some charlatan, let him better pray to Allah, distribute alms as much as possible and perform other pious deeds. Of course, if any of learned people known for his righteous behavior and deep religious knowledge, you can turn to him for help.

Also, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sought to eradicate another kind of erroneous views - the belief that some people have the ability to have information about the unknown or know about the future. Therefore, according to scientists, to believe the predictors and broadcasters, to go to them for help is one of the reasons that lead a person into the abyss of delusion and even disbelief. As the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:

“If anyone goes to a soothsayer or a fortune-teller and believes what they said, by his action he will show that he rejects what was sent down to me (Quran).”

The noble wife of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) Aisha (radiyallahu anha) said the following:

“Some people came to Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and asked about the predictions of fortunetellers. He replied:

Everything they say is a lie!

However, they objected:

- O Messenger of Allah! But sometimes the statements of fortune-tellers turn out to be true and really come true.

To which Muhammad (PBUH) replied:

- Information that turns out to be true, the genies steal from the angels and pass it on to their fortune-telling friends. And they, in turn, mix a hundred false ones with one true word (and present it to people).

AT this case As we can see, the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) first of all emphasizes the falsity of the information presented by fortunetellers, but at the same time notes that they sometimes tell the truth. In addition, the theft of certain information by jinn and demons is reported in the Qur'an. The Quran also says that after the spread of Islam on the planet, all the ways to steal knowledge hidden from people have long been blocked. Almighty Allah commands the following:

“Indeed, We have covered the heavens closest to the earth with an ornament of stars (for beauty), and also for protection from any rebellious shaitan, so that they could not listen to the Supreme Assembly (saints), and were expelled from all sides, driven away and betrayed. painful punishment. Except for those who snatch something stealthily, and they are pursued by a blazing fire, a blinding torch (shooting stars).

The scholars-interpreters of the Qur'an, explaining the meaning of these verses, argued that the jinn and shaitans stole information from heaven even before the mission of prophecy was assigned to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). But after he became a Prophet, access to the secret knowledge of the future was blocked. That is why the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said that all the information usually reported by fortunetellers and soothsayers is unreliable and based on conjectures and fabrications.

In the case that Ibn Abbas (radiallahu anhuma) narrated, the topic about which in question, expanded as follows:

"The jinn used to go up to heaven and listen to Divine revelations. And as soon as they heard at least one word, they added ninety-nine more words to it. One word was true and the rest were false. And when the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was chosen as the Prophet, by the will of Allah, when the jinn and shaitans approached celestial sphere they were bombarded with burning coals. They reported this to Shaitan, since the jinn had not encountered any obstacles before. Satan said to the demons:

“It didn't just happen. Therefore, some significant event has taken place on earth!

He then sent his servants down to earth, who stumbled uponProphet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) at the moment when he was praying in Mecca between two mountains. The jinn immediately returned to Iblis and reported what they had seen. He declared:

“That is precisely the momentous event that took place on earth.

Apparently, the meaning of the ban on practicing witchcraft and divination by the religious prescriptions of Islam is explained by the fact that such a sacred creation, which is a person, taking advantage of the free will given to him by Allah, begins to engage in worthless and harmful activities. But a person himself is free to choose his fate and, as a result of this choice, punishment or reward deserves his own deeds. In addition, the ban on such activities blocks the way for the use of people's gullibility and ignorance for selfish purposes. That is, this prohibition protects the rights and dignity of people who, due to their own stupidity, fall into the net of home-grown astrologers and soothsayers, who, judging by their words, can even change fates and bring happiness.

On the other hand, explaining the types of religious delusions and relying on the verse of the Qur'an "You do not invent other gods equal to Him," our scholars say that along with the open shirk there is also a hidden shirk. At covert Shirka people do not worship idols and images, but consider some beings equal to God, or endow someone with Divine qualities and properties. With this kind of shirk, no matter how people worship Allah, at any moment there is a danger of deifying a certain creature. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) warned his companions about this possibility.

Zaid bin Khalid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated the following story:

“During the trip to Khudaibiya, it started to rain at night. In the morning Muhammad(sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) he himself led the morning prayer. After the end of the prayer, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), turning to the companions, said:

Do you know what the Lord commanded?

Those present responded:

Allah and his Messenger know best!

Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) to this he said:

- Allah Almighty has commanded the following: “Because of the rain that fell, some of My servants believed Me, asome fell into disbelief. Those who said: “That night, thanks to the mercy of Allah, it rained,” they believed Me. Well a those who said: “Due to the favorable arrangement of the stars, rain fell during the night,” fell into kufr (unbelief) because they believed in heavenly bodies. Because of the rain that fell, some became believers, others became disbelievers.”

As indicated in the hadiths, all events that occur in the universe occur by the will of Allah. That's why everything natural phenomena(rain, snow, cold, summer, heat, etc.) must be considered the will of the Lord. But, unfortunately, as soon as some event happens, or suddenly something bad happens to someone, people, due to their ignorance, consider other, mortal and earthly beings to be the cause of what happened. For example, sometimes some people say, “Oh friend! I owe you for saving my life!" or “If Allah and you will so!”. It happens that after recovery, other people say: “If not for this doctor, then I would have been in the next world a long time!” All these statements are types of shirk, and if a person believes in it with all his heart and elevates it to the rank of a certain belief system, then this can lead to disbelief. Ibn Abbas, speaking about the hidden shirk, noted that "this shirk is more imperceptible than the trace of an ant that crawls on a black stone in the dead of night."

In addition, sometimes people, entangled in various problems and finding themselves in a whirlpool of life's trials, begin to tie shreds to trees, rocks, or in the burial places of the holy righteous. Some light candles or sacrifice animals. All these are types of shirk, which is the most terrible sin.

Worship and noble deeds performed for the purpose of showing off are also classified as types of hidden shirk, because the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) considered worship performed more carefully and conscientiously when people see it as a manifestation of hidden shirk.

The following hadith of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) draws people's attention to this circumstance.

“I am most concerned about the behavior of my followers, who in the future will associate partners with Allah. By this I do not mean at all that they will worship the sun, the moon, or idols. I fear that the faithful will do good deeds not for the sake of Allah, but in order to attract the attention of people.

On the Day of Judgment, such people will be left alone with their deeds and will not receive any benefit from their deeds. Once the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said the following to his companions:

“Most of all, I fear that you will start to fall into a small shirk.

The astonished companions asked:

- O Messenger of Allah! What is meant by "small shirk"?

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) gave the following answer:

“Small shirk is riya. When on the Day of Judgment everyone will be rewarded according to their merits, to the one who performed riya, Allah will order: “Go to those for whose sake you performed certain actions. Perhaps you will receive a reward from them for your deeds?

In connection with our topic, we would like to give another hadith of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

The Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said the following:

“On the Day of Judgment, the first person to be called to answer will be the one who was killed in battle. When he appears before Allah, he will be reminded of the blessings given during his lifetime, and he will recognize them. Allah will ask:

- What did you do with them?

“I fought in Your way and fell as a martyr.

Allah will answer:

-You are lying. You didn't fight for Me. You fought so that people would consider you a brave man and call you one.

And by the order of Allah, dragging him, they will drag him to hell.

One of the first to be called to account on the Day of Judgment will be the one who studied the Qur'an, comprehended various sciences and taught others. Allah will remind him of the blessings given during his lifetime, and he will recognize them. Then Allah will ask:

How did you use knowledge?

Question:
What disadvantages did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fear for his ummah?
Answer:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is reported to have said:

“I am afraid of the following shortcomings for my Ummah: a big belly, a long sleep, laziness and weakness of faith.”

Let's take a closer look at these four shortcomings, and think about which of them are present in ourselves:

1. Big belly

The expression “kibarul-batyn” mentioned in the hadith means excess in eating and drinking when this becomes the meaning of life. The result of this is obesity. This feature of a person caused fear of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), both from the point of view of worldly life, and from the point of view of eternal life.
Based on this, it is necessary to beware of overeating, leading to obesity, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) draws attention to this.

2. Long sleep

Long sleep is a relative concept. For some, 8 hours of sleep may not be enough, and for some, 3 hours of sleep may seem excessive. According to some Ulama, sleep time should be reduced to 5 hours. But how can one sleep little who is undisciplined in eating, and who eats everything that is put in front of him? That is, overeating inevitably leads to a long sleep. You must always remember this.

3. Laziness

Laziness is one of those human weaknesses from which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) resorted to the protection of Allah in his duas. Since Islam categorically opposes laziness.

4. Weakness of Faith

This weakness lies in ignorance of the foundations of faith, and unwillingness to study the evidence that defends beliefs. That is, a Muslim should study the evidence of the truth of his beliefs, and should not be powerless in defending his beliefs. The believer must study the beliefs so that he does not have the slightest doubt, and so as not to face the danger of weakening the faith.
***
As for the relationship between these four weaknesses, the following can be said about this:
If a person is intemperate in food, then this will lead him to obesity, which in turn will cause a long sleep, and this in turn will lead him to laziness, and as a result his faith will begin to weaken.
For this reason, we can say that if a person eats a lot, then he will inevitably get fat. And it will be impossible for such a person to get rid of drowsiness and laziness.
Therefore, a Muslim should not eat more than necessary and spend the precious time of his life in a long sleep. Since the laziness of the body leads to the laziness of the mind, and the laziness of the mind becomes the cause of ignorance and ignorance.
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§ 2. Vices and ways to get rid of them

Lies and betrayal. The call for moral perfection in the Qur'an is combined with a warning against bad deeds and vicious qualities. A person is not able to taste the charm of faith until he is freed from the burden of spiritual vices. One of the lowest qualities condemned by Islam is deceit. Prophet Muhammad was once asked, "Can a believer be a coward?" He replied: "Yes." He was asked: “Can he be stingy?” He replied: "Yes." He was asked: "Can he be a liar?" The Prophet said, "No." Of course, cowardice and stinginess are not virtues, but it often happens that caring for children and loved ones forces a person to be stingy with donations or show cowardice. But lying is not compatible with faith, and the companions said that of all the bad qualities, the most hated by the Prophet was a lie. The hadith says: “Beware of lying, because it leads to sin, and sin leads to Hell. If a person constantly lies and keeps lying, then it will be recorded with Allah that he is a liar.

For sinners with evil thoughts, lying is a means to achieve selfish goals and seduce the simple-hearted people with poisonous fabrications. It extinguishes the light of piety in the souls of people, kindling in them the fire of treachery and betrayal. These qualities make a person secretive, deprive him of peace and confidence. He does not part with the idea that people will convict him of deceit and treason. The risk of betrayal increases when there is temptation, when the mind gives way to the thirst for momentary gain. Manifested in relationships between peers, lies and betrayal turn good friends into enemies.

The Qur'an warns people against such behavior, forbids giving away other people's secrets and betraying friends. Lies and betrayal, breaking promises and non-compliance with agreements are considered the qualities of hypocrites - people who, due to their insincerity, baseness and treachery, occupy the most contemptible place before Allah. The Prophet Muhammad said: “Three qualities betray a hypocrite: if he talks about something, he lies; if he promises something, he does not keep his promise; and if he is trusted, he betrays him.”

Hypocrisy poses a threat not only to the moral character of the individual, but to the whole society. A person with this quality does not miss the opportunity to sow enmity between friends and betray his comrade. He assures everyone that he has the purest intentions and wants only good for people, while in fact he is full of hatred and anger towards those who establish peace and order in society.

During the time of the Messenger of Allah, hypocrites incited people to crimes, urged Muslims to refrain from donations and good deeds, and provoked civil strife and armed clashes between tribes. Their evil qualities and bad deeds are described in Sura 2 "The Cow", Sura 9 "Repentance" and many other suras of the Qur'an.

Arrogance and vanity. Pride is considered the very quality that led to the fall of Iblis and became the cause of his enmity with the human race. According to tradition, Iblis refused to fulfill the will of the Lord and bow to Adam, because he became proud. He decided that he better than a man because Allah created him from pure fire, while Adam was created from clay. Arrogance gave rise to disbelief in his soul and became the cause of all other sins that are committed by shaitans and people.

The Holy Qur'an repeatedly reminds believers of the danger of arrogance and its grave consequences. Arrogance and arrogance do not befit a person, because all his virtues and virtues are a consequence of the mercy of Allah, and not his own acquisition: “Do not walk proudly on the earth, because you will not drill through the earth and you will not reach mountains high!”(Surah 17 "Night Transfer", verse 37). Another verse says: “Do not turn your face away from the people out of arrogance and do not walk on the earth with pride. Verily, Allah does not love any proud and braggart" (Surah 31 "Lukman", ayat 18).

The Prophet Muhammad taught that Allah will certainly humiliate anyone who is arrogant and arrogant. Good people turn away from such a person, refuse his friendship and help, and it may happen that trouble will happen to him and then he will remain surrounded by greedy enemies who do not want him to be good or deliverance. Muslims believe that pride and arrogance doom a person to a miserable existence and a bad end. The Prophet said: “He who has one grain of arrogance in his soul will not enter Paradise.” He was asked: “But it happens that a person loves when he has beautiful clothes and beautiful shoes". He replied: “Verily, Allah is beautiful and loves beauty, but arrogance is an arrogant denial of the truth and a dismissive attitude towards people.”

Arrogance breeds in people such negative qualities like vanity and complacency. A vain person is envious and insincere, his friendship is unreliable and false. He persistently tries to make himself an object of adoration and imposes his capricious desires on others. This often results in suspicion and pessimism. A vain person believes that others intend to humiliate him, and this causes him a feeling of indignation and revenge.

Arrogance and vanity rarely show up in poor and needy people. As a rule, these ailments affect those who are rich and do not know the need for worldly goods. They forget that the source of their earthly prosperity is Allah. He endowed them with wealth and all kinds of abilities in order to subject them to a test, which only those who correctly dispose of the blessings granted to him and do good can pass. But it is much worse if arrogance strikes the heart of the poor and weak man for nothing pushes him to such a sin. The hadith says that Allah will not cleanse the soul of an arrogant poor man and will not even talk to him on the Day of Resurrection.

Envy and avarice. One of the low qualities that deprive a person of a sense of happiness and gives him anxiety is envy. It not only poisons the soul of the one who possesses this bad quality, but also harms those who are envied, and therefore the Qur'an instructs believers to seek protection from Allah from the evil of envious people.

An envious person does not just want to get what belongs to another. In fact, he expresses dissatisfaction with the predestination of Allah, because wealth and abilities were distributed among creations in accordance with His wise decision. The Qur'an calls for thinking about this and says: “Is it they who distribute the mercy of your Lord? We distributed among them their means of subsistence in worldly life and exalted some of them above others in degrees ”(Surah 43“ Ornaments ”, ayat 32). And in a famous hadith it says: “Do not look at those who are higher than you, but look at those who are lower than you, for it is easier to thank Allah for the blessings that He has given you.”

A Muslim is allowed to envy only two categories of people: those who are endowed with knowledge and live in accordance with them, and those who have wealth and spend it for good purposes. Such envy is usually called "white". It can only be experienced by a pious person who lives according to the instructions of Allah and is looking for new opportunities to perform pious deeds. He craves knowledge and wealth, not to rise above anyone, but to use them for the benefit of mankind.

If envy is caused by a thirst for power and gain, then this poisonous feeling corrodes the very foundations of piety and gives rise to many other sins. One of them is stinginess, unwillingness to do good and help people. The Qur'an says that people who are freed from stinginess will be among the prosperous. It is known from hadiths that the Messenger of Allah said: “Beware of injustice, because on the Day of Resurrection it will turn into darkness. Beware of avarice, for it has ruined your predecessors. She pushed them to the fact that they began to shed blood and do the forbidden.

Avarice pushes a person to acquisitiveness and hoarding, and he forgets about the meaning of being, ceases to distinguish between permissible and forbidden earnings. He collects wealth and counts it as if it would secure eternity and help him get rid of responsibility on the Day of Judgment. He is seduced, but does not feel his own blindness, because the weakness before such a temptation lies in the depths of the human soul. One of the hadiths says: “If the son of Adam had a valley full of gold, he would wish to have two valleys of gold, but in the end only earth will fill his mouth. Allah accepts the repentance of the one who repents before Him.

Prohibited acts. Religious prohibitions in Islam are aimed at the physical and spiritual healing of the individual and society. They concern only those words and deeds that are harmful and can harm people, and the Qur'an says in this regard: "He forbids abominations, reprehensible deeds and excesses"(Sura 16 "Bees", verse 90).

Abomination here are the sins that a person commits, yielding to natural attraction and temptation. Adultery is one of those sins. Islam forbids sexual intimacy between people who are not legally married, since this sin humiliates human dignity, entails an incorrect establishment of kinship, destroys the foundations of morality, leads to a loss of shame and promiscuity, contributes to the spread of venereal diseases, etc. The Quran says: “Do not approach adultery, for it is an abomination and a bad way”(Sura 17 "Night Transfer", verse 32).

No less dangerous are the sins that a person commits out of selfish motives. Prophet Muhammad said: "Avoid the seven deadly sins." He was asked: "What are these sins?" He replied: “Associating associates with Allah, witchcraft, killing a person whom Allah forbade to kill except by right, devouring interest, devouring the property of an orphan, fleeing from the battlefield and accusing chaste believing women who do not even think of such adultery.”

Islam prohibits not only the killing of innocent people, but also suicide. By committing this grave crime, a person openly opposes the will of Allah, showing ingratitude and as if refusing His mercy. One of the hadiths says: “Whoever kills himself with an iron weapon will forever remain in Hellfire with a piece of iron in his hands, piercing his stomach with it. Whoever drinks the poison and poisons himself will forever remain in the Hellfire, drinking the poison in sips. And whoever kills himself by throwing himself from a cliff, he will forever dwell in Hellfire, throwing himself down from a cliff.

Islam pays special attention to the legality of earnings. It is believed that the soul of a person is defiled when he eats something that was acquired dishonestly. The Messenger of Allah said: "Any body that is nurtured on that: earned illegally, most of all deserves to end up in Hell." Therefore, a righteous believer avoids usury and fraud, does not cheat in trade and does not appropriate other people's property, even if he finds it lying on the road. According to Sharia, if the found thing is of value, then the finder is supposed to look for the owner for a whole year, and only after that, if the owner is not found, he can keep it for himself. Among the forbidden acts is bribery, and the severity of this sin equally falls on the one who takes the bribe, and on the one who tries in this way to get what he is not entitled to. The hadeeth says: “Whoever gives a bribe and whoever takes it will go to Hell.”

A believer who adheres to the laws of Allah protects not only the soul from sin, but also every organ of his body. He does not look at what is not pleasing to Allah, and does not listen to bad speech and idle talk. He takes only what he has the right to, and sets foot only where he can gain the pleasure of Allah. He eats and drinks only what is permitted, and observes chastity, abstaining from temptations. Religious prohibitions for him are akin to the boundaries of the reserve, which cannot be entered, and he eschews these boundaries so as not to transgress them in a moment of weakness and temptation.

The benefits of repentance. Every person, no matter how hard he tries to avoid sin, will certainly make omissions and disobey Allah. Man is by nature weak and unable to resist temptations and doubts. Therefore, Allah promised to forgive and accept repentance from everyone who sincerely repents and firmly decides not to return to the committed sin: Merciful" (sura 4 "Women", verse 110).

Repentance is a renunciation of sin and a return to the path of obedience and obedience to Allah. Repentance must be done immediately after a person has realized his sin. It cannot be postponed, for no one knows what will happen to it in the near future. Perhaps death will overtake him before he has time to repent. In addition, a person who continues to sin moves away from Allah. His soul becomes callous and covered with a veil, and his faith weakens and decreases. Continuing to sin, a person gets used to his atrocities, and there comes a moment when he can no longer part with them, and the shaitan opens new gates for him to commit even more heinous deeds. Gradually, he loses shame before Allah and before people and begins to sin openly, without thinking about the consequences of his deeds.

Muslim scholars have mentioned several requirements of repentance.

First, repentance must be sincere, for the sake of Allah, in the hope of forgiveness from Him and deliverance from punishment. Secondly, a penitent person should bitterly regret his actions and reproach himself for them. Thirdly, he must immediately cease the sin of which he repents. If he does something forbidden, then he must immediately leave this sin. If he does not fulfill the obligatory prescription, then after repentance he must begin to fulfill it. Fourthly, he must finally decide that he will never commit this sin again, for if a person does not have a firm intention to give up sin, then his repentance will have no effect. Finally, fifthly, repentance must be brought before a person utters a death rattle, for with the advent of death, everything secret becomes clear. One of the hadiths says: "Indeed, Allah accepts the repentance of a slave until he lets out his death rattle."

Muslims believe that one who sincerely repents of a crime committed does not seem to have committed it at all. The Quran says: “Do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Verily, Allah forgives sins completely, for He is Forgiving, Merciful.”(Surah 39 "Crowds", verse 53). However, this does not give us the right to do evil with the intention of repenting later, because with each new sin it becomes more and more difficult to return to the path of Allah.

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