State Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Pillars. Krasnoyarsk pillars Krasnoyarsk pillars presentation

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Area and location

The reserve is located in the Yemelyanovsky district near the city of Krasnoyarsk on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan (Kuysum mountains), between 55°-56° north latitude and 92°-93° east longitude and covers an area of ​​47.156 thousand hectares. The border of the reserve runs in the east along the river. Bazaikha, in the southwest - along p. Big Inzhul, Mana, in the west - along the Sliznevaya river, in the north - along the river. Laletin.

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Flora

The flora of the reserve includes 1037 species of higher vascular plants, of which 260 species are bryophytes, more than 150 species are classified as specially protected. Pine forests (41%) and fir forests (28%) prevail among 8 forest-forming species. Most of the stands were selectively cut in the 1940s and 1950s.

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Fauna

The fauna of the reserve is not rich. A total of 45 species of mammals and 70 species of birds have been noted. Wild boar, roe deer, elk, pine and stone martens, weasel, badger, squirrel, fox, hare are characteristic. Of the birds - gray heron, black kite, kestrel, tawny owl, hobby falcon, roller, saker falcon. Acclimatized raccoon dog.

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Landscapes and relief

The relief of the territory of the reserve is almost entirely mountainous; flat areas, located mostly in the strip of the sea coast to the south of the Kronotsky Peninsula, account for no more than 10% of the territory.

Reserve "Stolby" is a unique corner of nature Krasnoyarsk Territory. This territory, on the border with the plateau of Central Siberia, is under the protection of the state and UNESCO, since it is part of the association of nat. parks of the Altai-Sayan ecological region.

At present, the boundaries of the reserve lie among the spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains in the northwest. The natural outskirts of the "Pillars" are formed by the right tributaries of the Yenisei, namely the rivers Bazaikha, Mana, Bolshaya Slizneva. The northeastern part of the park is adjacent to Krasnoyarsk. The total territory of the reserve is almost 50 thousand hectares.

History of appearance

Despite the fact that the "Pillars" were officially formed at the beginning of the 20th century, the first information about visiting the reserve by famous researchers dates back to the first half of the 18th century. Bering, Messerschmidt, Gmelin, Pallas were in the park. During this period, the territory was studied along with other regions of Siberia, while the features of the flora and fauna of these regions were recorded.

In the 30s. In the 19th century, gold mining began in the Stolby Reserve. Also hunting is beginning to develop here. At the end of the century national park becomes the center of school excursions and the object of study for many young geologists.

In 1925, an initiative group of Krasnoyarsk residents came up with a proposal to create a protected complex in the area of ​​syenite remnants. After 20 years, Stolby created a separate corner for caring for surviving animals taken from poachers. This "Living Corner" became the base in 2000 for the creation of a separate zoo.

Territorial division

The area of ​​the reserve is divided into three large areas according to tourist accessibility:

• The excursion area is located near Krasnoyarsk and is free for everyone. It occupies only 3% of the total territory of the Pillars. Currently, 4 tourist routes of varying difficulty have been developed for vacationers.
• The buffer zone is an area with limited access, in which only the park administration works. It occupies 7% of the total area.
• A complete reserve area is 90% of the reserve's land, where only representatives of nature conservation structures and researchers of fauna and flora can be.

The tourist-excursion area is divided into three rocky areas, where everyone can go in for sports, organize hiking:

1. Takmakovskiy - the Bazaikha valley and the foot of the Takmak mountain range. There are 5 large rocks and another massif Vorobushki.
2. Central Pillars - an area 50 km 2 near the border of the park. The most famous and unique rocks are located here, on one of which Bolshevik activists scrawled the word “Freedom” in 1917.
3. Wild Pillars are the farthest rocks for climbing, as well as hills closed to free viewing.

nature reserve

The main unique attraction of the "Pillars", as the name implies, are the rocks. They reach almost 100 m and are distinguished by a respectable age of several hundred million years. The rock of these rocks - syenite - is a magma similar to granite. Today, the areas of the reserve are not only a center of recreation, but also a ski resort.

(Pillars "Grandfather")

Very often, the territory of the protected park is called the lungs of the entire Krasnoyarsk Territory. Thanks to the virgin taiga forests, the air here is really very clean. In addition, the very shape of some of the pillars, which resemble individual characters, animals and birds, is of interest to tourists and vacationers.

Representatives of the fauna in the "Pillars"

The animal world in the reserve corresponds to the traditional taiga ecosystem. Among the 5 dozen animals there are marals, elks, lynxes, wolverines, bears and wolves.

The representatives of the forest-steppe zone include animals such as ground squirrel, roe deer, polecat. Interestingly, even alpine vipers are found on the territory of the Pillars.

More than half of the birds living in the "Pillars" (and this is over a hundred species) nest on the territory only periodically. The rare birds include the golden eagle, peregrine falcon, osprey. The most interesting in terms of fish diversity is the Mana River with 2 dozen species of monasteries. The study of insects in the reserve has not yet been completed.

The protected world of plants

An amazing combination of different representatives of the flora on the territory of the reserve is due to the presence of a transitional natural area- from the forest-steppe region to the conditions of the mountain taiga. About 150 grow here. rare plants, among which there are many mosses. These are shoes, and feather grass, and a nest flower. About 80% of the territory is occupied by coniferous taiga trees, as well as areas with deciduous forests. The most common here are pine, fir, aspen and larch.

Anna Chudinova
Presentation about the reserve "Stolby"

Presentation on the topic: Reserve« pillars» .

Reserve« pillars» is a unique corner of the nature of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. This territory on the border with the plateau of Central Siberia is under state protection.

General area reserve- almost 50 thousand hectares.

Main unique attraction « Stolbov» are rocks. They reach almost 100 m and are distinguished by a respectable age of several hundred million years. The rock of these rocks - syenite - is a magma similar to granite. Districts today reserve are not only a recreation center, but also a ski resort.

Thanks to the taiga forests, the air here is very clean. Of interest to tourists and vacationers is the very form of some pillars, which resemble individual characters, animals and birds.

Total in reserve there are 99 rocks - pillars.

Krasnoyarsk pillars- one of the most unusual places in Russia.

Among climbers and climbers they are known far beyond the borders of the country.

Fauna reserve« pillars» has 56 species of mammals, 200 - birds and 22 - fish. Maral live here - the largest subspecies of the red deer and musk deer - a typical inhabitant of the middle taiga, Brown bear, wolf, common lynx, wolverine, fox, badger.

The most numerous is the family of rodents. Breeds of forest voles and chipmunks predominate here. Altai pika is found on stony placers.

Of the birds, taiga flycatchers, king warblers, olive and motley thrushes, blue nightingales, whistler crows, bluetails, northern owls and capercaillie are common.

Within the territory of reserve it is allowed to walk only along the trails, it is forbidden to drive on vehicles, make fires, pick berries and mushrooms, cut down trees, destroy nests, catch and destroy animals, break the silence, set up tents and stay for the night only in places allowed for this.

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The reserve "Krasnoyarsk pillars" was founded in 1925. The area of ​​the reserve is ha

The first stage of the study of the "Pillars" (XVIII century) D.G. Messerschmidt. V. Bering, the town of "Pillars" is visited by members of the land detachment of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, naturalists, naturalists I.G. Gmelin and S.P. Krasheninnikov (Kamchatsky) I.G. Gmelin S.P. Krasheninnikov (Kamchatsky) "Pillars" is visited by the largest researcher of Siberia, professor of natural history P.S. Pallas P.S. Pallas

Miner Prokhor Seleznev in 1823 summed up the then prevailing opinion about this area: “The rocks are extremely large and wonderfully created. And they are located in a remote desert for 15, or maybe 20 versts. Only it is difficult to get there, the horse will not pass, the foot will not pass, and there are a lot of wild animals. They talk differently about them. Perhaps, the truth is said that even in other lands one cannot see such a thing. And no one can climb these rocks, and what they are is not known.

In 1851 - the first ascent to the Stolby (First Stolb). In the years of the 19th century. school excursions to Stolby began under the guidance of a teacher of the Krasnoyarsk gymnasium I.T. Savenkov. 19th century)

The hut at the "Third Pillar" (burned down in 1906)

Creation of the reserve On April 10, 1920, the Yenisei Gubernia Committee issued a decree banning logging and breaking stones in the Stolbov area and declared a protective territory in an area of ​​4 square versts around them. In October 1924, the territory of Stolbov was declared a protected area. In 1959, the territory of the reserve was finally determined in the interfluve of the right tributaries of the Yenisei, the Mana and Bazaikha rivers, with an area of ​​472 sq. km.

"Krasnoyarsk pillars" - rocky remnants m.

The flora of the reserve includes: 1037 species of higher vascular plants, of which 260 species are bryophytes, more than 150 species are classified as specially protected. 770 species of higher plants, of which 114 are among the relic and endemic plants of Siberia (they are not found anywhere except Siberia).

There are four groups of rocks in Stolby. Closest to Krasnoyarsk (3 km from the city) is the Takmak area. Here, on the steep slopes and watersheds of the picturesque Mokhovaya River, the left tributary of the Bazaikha, the rocks “Glagol”, “Responsive”, “Chinese Wall”, “Sparrows”, “Ermak”, “Big Takmak”, “Small Takmak”, etc. are located in an amphitheater. "Kaltatsky" district is located one and a half kilometers east of "Takmak". Here are the rocks "Bell", "Sunken Boat" and a few more picturesque cliffs. "Aesthetic" area (13 km from the city), not far from the scientific base of the reserve. All the main "Pillars" are concentrated here: "Savage", "Mitra", "Grandfather", "Baba", "Granddaughter", "Feathers", "Lion's Gate" and others. The highest "Second Pillar". (90 m). The "first pillar" is ten meters lower. the “Wild Pillars” area, where the rocks “Fortress”, “Manskaya Baba”, “Fortress” and a number of other rocks, little known even among the pillars, rise among the taiga.

The unique properties of the Stolby Reserve are: the presence of rocky massifs and karst territories with caves up to 100 m deep; contact zone of three geographical areas; habitation rare species animals and plants; the place of formation of the ethno-social phenomenon of stolbism; long term follow-up (75 years); border with a million industrial city; methodological basis for testing modern methods of research of specially protected natural areas; regional ecological educational and training ground; the possibility of observing various forms of recreational and technogenic impact on the natural complex.

It is FORBIDDEN on the territory of the park: Destruction of rocks, making inscriptions on them, stripping off moss and lichen, Walking without trails, Conducting professional film and video photography without the permission of the reserve administration, Making fires, using open fire, burning garbage, smoking on the go, Picking berries , mushrooms, walnuts, flowers, herbs Cutting, damaging trees and shrubs Being with firearms and sporting weapons, dogs, cats Ruining nests, catching and killing animals Breaking the silence, turning on the radio-audio device