Presentation "Equatorial forests of Africa" ​​presentation for a lesson in geography (Grade 7) on the topic. Presentation on the theme "Equatorial forests of Africa" ​​Presentation on the theme of the humid equatorial forests of Africa

slide 3

Precipitation and winds.

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Temperature. In December and March. In June and September.

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Soils.

Red-yellow feralites

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Vegetable world.

FICUUS, a genus of trees, shrubs and woody vines of the mulberry family. More than 2000 species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of various continents. Numerous, similar to small seeds, fruits are located on the inner wall of the fleshy pear-shaped growths of the stem - syconia, that is, they are collected in a kind of compound fruit.

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Disconia.

These tree ferns are one of the most ancient inhabitants of our planet, real living fossils and have a unique exotic appearance. Leaves (fronds) are twice or thrice pinnate, arranged in a rosette at the top of the trunk. Buds develop at the base of the trunks. Young leaves, like all ferns, are folded into a snail.

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Fauna of the equatorial forests.

Common hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus. The pygmy hippopotamus inhabits slowly flowing waters. Central Africa. He leads a secretive and solitary life. A baby pygmy hippopotamus born on land weighs about 5 kg. The pygmy hippopotamus is rare, listed in the International Red Book.

Pygmy hippopotamus.

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Gorillas are large apes from the anthropoid family. Distributed in western and central regions Equatorial Africa. The basis of nutrition is juicy greens. They breed once every 4-5 years. The duration of pregnancy is about 9 months. Usually one naked and helpless cub is born, which stays with its mother for up to three years.

Gorilla female.

Male gorilla.

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Okapi is the only species of the genus, body length is about 2 m, height at the withers is up to 1.2 m, weighs about 250 kg; the neck and legs are not that long. The withers are higher than the sacrum. The muzzle is elongated, the ears are large, on the forehead there are 2 short horns with annually changing horn caps at the ends. The tongue is very long and mobile. The tail is short, thin, with a brush of hair at the end. The coloration is variegated: the head is light with dark markings, the body is grayish-brown, the croup and limbs are with alternating white and dark transverse stripes. Rare animal; lives in Africa, in humid tropical forests river basin Congo. Lives alone or in pairs. It feeds mainly on leaves.

Equatorial forests are located on both sides of the equator in the Congo Basin and along the Gulf of Guinea north of the equator. Equatorial forests are located on both sides of the equator in the Congo Basin and along the Gulf of Guinea north of the equator. The formation of the zone is due to a large amount of heat and moisture throughout the year. The formation of the zone is due to a large amount of heat and moisture throughout the year. The equatorial forests of Africa are diverse in composition, there are about 1000 species of trees alone. The equatorial forests of Africa are diverse in composition, there are about 1000 species of trees alone. VEGETATION OF THE EQUATORIAL HUMID FORESTS OF AFRICA

Lianas are a variety of climbing plants, both woody, with evergreen or falling leaves, and herbaceous, with relatively weak thin stems. a variety of climbing plants, both woody, with evergreen or falling leaves, and herbaceous, with relatively weak thin stems.

Disconia. Disconia. These tree ferns are one of the most ancient inhabitants of our planet, real living fossils and have a unique exotic appearance. The leaves are arranged in a rosette at the top of the trunk. Young leaves are rolled into a snail. These tree ferns are one of the most ancient inhabitants of our planet, real living fossils and have a unique exotic appearance. The leaves are arranged in a rosette at the top of the trunk. Young leaves are rolled into a snail.

Animal world Numerous monkeys, monkeys, chimpanzees, etc. live on the trees. Terrestrial inhabitants include bushy-eared pigs, pygmy hippos, leopards, gorillas, which are not found anywhere else. In loose soil there are snakes and lizards. The tsetse fly is also common there. She is a carrier of pathogens.

The pygmy hippopotamus inhabits the slowly flowing waters of Central Africa. He leads a secretive and solitary life. A baby pygmy hippopotamus born on land weighs about 5 kg. The pygmy hippopotamus is rare, listed in the International Red Book. The pygmy hippopotamus inhabits the slowly flowing waters of Central Africa. He leads a secretive and solitary life. A baby pygmy hippopotamus born on land weighs about 5 kg. The pygmy hippopotamus is rare, listed in the International Red Book.

Mamba snakes reach a length of 2 to 3 meters. Mamba venom can kill a person in 4 hours if he is bitten on the heel or finger, a bite in the face can lead to death from paralysis in 20 minutes. Mamba reaches a length of 2 to 3 meters. Mamba venom can kill a person in 4 hours if he is bitten on the heel or finger, a bite in the face can lead to death from paralysis in 20 minutes.

Equatorial forests occupy an area river basin Congo and Gulf of Guinea. Their part is approximately 8% of the total area of ​​the continent. This natural area is unique. There is not much difference between the seasons here. average temperature stays around 24 degrees Celsius. The annual rainfall is 2000 millimeters, and it rains almost every day. The main weather indicators are increased heat and humidity.

The equatorial forests of Africa are wet rainforests and are called the term "hylaea". If you look at the forest from a bird's eye view (from a helicopter or plane), then it resembles a green lush sea. In addition, several rivers flow here, and all of them are full-flowing. During floods, they overflow and overflow the banks, flooding large area sushi. Hylaea lie on red-yellow ferralitic soils. Since they contain iron, it gives the soil a red tint. There are not very many nutrients in them, they are washed out by water. The sun also affects the soil.

hylaea flora

More than 25 thousand species of flora live in the equatorial forest of Africa, of which a thousand are only trees. Lianas wrap around them. Trees form dense thickets in the upper tiers. Shrubs grow a little lower, and grasses, mosses, and creepers grow even lower. In total, 8 tiers are represented in these forests.

Gilea is an evergreen forest. The leaves on the trees last for about two, and sometimes three years. They do not fall at the same time, but are replaced one by one. The most common types are as follows:

• bananas;
• sandalwood;
• ferns;
• nutmeg;
• ficuses;
• palm trees;
• the Red tree;
• creepers;
• orchids;
• breadfruit;
• epiphytes;
• oil palm;
• nutmeg;
• rubber plants;
• a coffee tree.

Hylaean fauna

Animals and birds are found in all tiers of the forest. There are a lot of monkeys here. These are gorillas and monkeys, chimpanzees and baboons. In the crowns of trees there are birds - banana-eaters, woodpeckers, fruit pigeons, as well as a huge variety of parrots. Lizards, pythons, shrews and various rodents crawl on the ground. A lot of insects live in the equatorial forest: tsetse flies, bees, butterflies, mosquitoes, dragonflies, termites and others.

In the African equatorial forest, special climatic conditions have formed. There is a rich world of flora and fauna. Human influence is minimal here, and the ecosystem is virtually untouched.

The work was done by a student of 7e Kiselev Georgy in 2008.

climatic zones.

Precipitation and winds.

Temperature

In December and March.

June and September.

Soils.

Red-yellow feralites

Vegetable

FICUUS, a genus of trees, shrubs and woody vines of the mulberry family. Over 2000 species native to tropical and subtropical regions

various continents. Numerous, similar to small seeds, fruits are located on the inner wall of the fleshy pear-shaped growths of the stem - syconia, that is, they are collected in a kind of compound fruit.

Disconia.

These tree ferns are one of the most ancient inhabitants of our planet, real living fossils and have a unique exotic appearance. Leaves (fronds) are twice or thrice pinnate, arranged in a rosette at the top of the trunk. Buds develop at the base of the trunks. Young leaves, like all ferns, are folded into a snail.

Animal world of the equatorial

Dwarf

Common hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus.

pygmy hippopotamus

inhabits slowly flowing reservoirs of Central Africa. He leads a secretive and solitary life. A baby pygmy hippopotamus born on land weighs about 5 kg. The pygmy hippopotamus is rare, listed in the International

Gorillas are large apes from the anthropoid family. Distributed in the western and central regions of Equatorial Africa. The basis of nutrition is juicy greens. They breed once every 4-5 years. The duration of pregnancy is about 9 months. Usually one naked and helpless cub is born, which stays with its mother for up to three years.

Okapi is the only species of the genus, body length is about 2 m, height at the withers is up to 1.2 m, weighs about 250 kg; the neck and legs are not that long. The withers are higher than the sacrum. The muzzle is elongated, the ears are large, on the forehead there are 2 short horns with annually changing horn caps at the ends. The tongue is very long and mobile. The tail is short, thin, with a brush of hair at the end. The coloration is variegated: the head is light with dark markings, the body is grayish-brown, the croup and limbs are with alternating white and dark transverse stripes. Rare animal; lives in Africa, in the tropical rainforests of the river basin. Congo. Lives alone or in pairs. It feeds mainly on leaves.