They have no side effects. Are there drugs for pressure without side effects? Classification of drugs for the treatment of hypertension

Neuroleptic - a psychotropic drug that is prescribed for psychotic, neurological and psychological disorders of varying severity.

They successfully cope with attacks of schizophrenia, oligophrenia and senile dementia due to the action of the following chemical compounds: phenothiazine, butyrophenone and diphenylbutylpiperidine.

What are these drugs?

Before chemically synthesized drugs were invented, drugs with plant components were used to treat mental illness - belladonna, henbane, opiates, narcotic sleep, bromides or lithium salts.

Already in 1950, the first antipsychotic (chlorpromazine) began to be actively used.

First-generation antipsychotics appeared 8 years after chlorpromazine - the alkaloid reserpine, triftazine and. They did not have the desired effect, causing neurological disorders and side effects (depression, apathy, etc.).

Until 1967, antipsychotics were called "" - they also had a pronounced sedative effect, but there is still a difference between them. The main difference between neuroleptics and tranquilizers is that the latter cannot affect psychotic reactions (hallucinations, delusions), providing only a sedative effect.

Antipsychotics relieve emotional stress, enhance the effect of painkillers, have an antipsychotic, cognitotropic and psychosedative effect on the body.

They are prescribed for the relief of such symptoms of pathology as:

• , aggression and excitation
• psychomotor agitation
• , vomiting and hiccups
• hallucinations, verbal delusions

The mechanism of action of neuroleptics is to suppress nerve impulses in those systems (limbic, mesocortical) of the human brain that are responsible for the production of dopamine and serotonin.

The mechanism of action of neuroleptics

They have a short half-life and are well absorbed by any route of administration, but the period of exposure to the nervous system is short - therefore, they are prescribed in combination to stimulate each other.

Antipsychotics, penetrating through the BBB between the central nervous and circulatory systems, accumulate in the liver, where the drugs are completely decomposed, after which they are excreted through the intestines and the genitourinary system. The half-life of antipsychotics is from 18 to 40 hours, and even 70 hours in the case of.

In case of serious diseases, antipsychotics and prolonged action are prescribed, which are administered intravenously and have a therapeutic effect for about 3 weeks.

Indications for use

All types of neuroleptics are aimed at eliminating productive, depressive and deficient symptoms in the following mental illnesses:

• (dementia)
• desocialization
• neurological (), dissociative disorders ()
• hysteroneurotic

The drug is administered with injections, droppers or tablets at the request of the patient. The doctor regulates the medication, starting with an increased dosage, gradually reducing it. After the end of therapy, an anti-relapse course of prolonged-release tablets is recommended.

The use of neuroleptics has a number of contraindications, namely pregnancy and breast-feeding, age up to 18 years, individual intolerance to the components in the composition, as well as some chronic diseases.

Classification

In the second half of the 20th century, psychotropic drugs were classified into typical (old generation) and atypical (new generation) antipsychotics, which in turn are differentiated:

according to the main active substance and their derivatives in their chemical composition:

• thioxanthene (Chlorprothixene, Zuclopenthixol)
• phenothiazine (Chlopromazine, Periciazine)
• benzodiazepine (, Tiapride)
• barbiturate (Barbital, Butizol)
• indole (Dicarbine, Reserpine)

according to clinical impact:

• sedatives
• stimulating
• incisive

The most common drugs among typical antipsychotics are:

• fluphenazine
• Thioproperazine

The most common drugs among atypical neuroleptics:

• Clopazine
• Olanzapine
• Risperidone
• ziprasidone
• Amisulpride

They can also be classified according to the duration of action and availability - some are issued strictly by prescription, others are freely available in any pharmacy in the city.

Side effects

The greater the dosage and course of antipsychotic therapy, the higher the likelihood of getting unpleasant consequences for the body.

Side effects of neuroleptics are also associated with age factor, health status and interaction with other drugs .

They may cause:

• endocrine system disorders (prolacthymenia, amenorrhea, erectile dysfunction)
• disorders of the central nervous system (akatsia, muscular dystonia, parkinsonism)
• neuroleptic syndrome (inhibition of actions, slurred speech, oculogeric crisis, in which the head is thrown back and the eyes are rolled up)
• appetite disturbance, drowsiness, weight loss or increase

In 10% of cases, problems with the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and genitourinary systems are manifested, and akathisia caused by antipsychotics occurs in 26%. But the main thing that they are dangerous to humans is " withdrawal syndrome caused by abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotics. The patient becomes so accustomed to the daily dose of medicines that if he does not get it again, he falls into a state of depression or constant discomfort. "Withdrawal syndrome" has several varieties and can lead to psychosis and tardive dyskinesia.

Some patients, not waiting for improvements after treatment, the effect of which does not occur immediately, try to cope with the help of alcoholic beverages. But it is strictly forbidden to combine antipsychotics and alcohol, since when interacting they can cause poisoning and even a stroke.

Antipsychotics of a new generation without side effects

Thanks to the active development of researchers, the list of antipsychotics is annually replenished with new generation antipsychotics, which can now be differentiated according to the duration and severity of the clinical effect, mechanism of action and chemical structure.

Modern drugs have less effect on the brain, are not addictive and side effects, but rather are antidepressants that eliminate symptoms, rather than a cure.

These include: Abilify, Quetiapine, Clozasten, Levomepromazine, Triftazin, Fluphenazine, Fluanxol .

Advantages:

• no psychomotor disturbances
• safe for children
• the risk of developing pathologies is reduced
• easy portability
• one dose of the drug is enough to achieve a positive result
• help with skin diseases (recent studies have shown that the treatment of dry skin with neuroleptics gives positive results in older people whose diseases are associated with neuralgia)

List of drugs without prescriptions

There are a number of neuroleptics available without a prescription.

They are considered safe for the patient, help in relieving stress, muscle spasms, and depression.

Most people are confused about danger neuroleptics, but pharmacology does not stand still, and antipsychotics of the old generation are almost never used in medicine.

Modern drugs have practically no side effects, and brain activity is restored within three days after the drug is removed from the body.

Many patients wonder how restore the brain after neuroleptics, and the answer to it will depend on the degree of damage to the body by them. Traditionally, doctors prescribe a balanced vitamin and mineral complex, as well as antioxidants and immunomodulators to cleanse the blood.

In case of intoxication with antipsychotics, neurasthenia, and to stop the "withdrawal syndrome", Cytofavin and are prescribed.

Video

Which are used to treat chronic gastritis (as well as many other diseases), medicinal herbs and plants occupy a significant place. This method of therapy (phytotherapy) is based on many years of folk experience and has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. Plants are a natural material, therefore, in some cases, they are more beneficial than synthetic drugs. They have virtually no side effects. The course of using medicinal infusions and decoctions can be extended for 1-2 months or more, depending on the form of diseases, etc. However, the result can be significantly higher than after traditional therapy with the use of synthetic drugs. It will be possible to consolidate the results achieved by the same means, periodically applying a course of herbal medicine for preventive purposes.

There are many herbs and plants that are carriers of healing properties, because they contain substances and vitamins that are useful for our body. In the treatment of chronic gastritis, not only those plants that help with this disease are used, but also those that have a calming effect on the nervous system. After all, stress is often the cause of gastritis, nervous tension and fatigue.

calamus marsh

Folk names of this plant: fragrant cane, tortilla, yaver, tara grass, etc. In calamus, small flowers of a greenish-yellow color are collected on the cob. This plant is often confused with marsh iris, but the latter has large yellow flowers. Air has a sharp aroma and bitter taste.

Calamus roots are harvested in early spring or late autumn. The bark is removed from the rhizome, cut into longitudinal branches and dried. Dried roots are further used for the preparation of decoctions and infusions.
The plant helps with impaired digestion, colic, achilia (lack of secretion of gastric juice), diarrhea, heartburn. Hot infusion of calamus root increases appetite. It can also be used as a mouth rinse: the infusion disinfects the mouth and eliminates bad breath. For the treatment of gastritis, calamus root is used in infusions in combination with other medicinal plants. Contraindications: increased gastric secretion.

Marshmallow officinalis

The dried roots of a two-year-old plant are used, from which the bark is removed before drying. Althea roots contain a mucous substance that has a softening and analgesic effect in case of inflammation of the mucous membranes, including the stomach. Helps with diarrhea, dysentery and gastritis. Cold compresses from marshmallow infusion can be used to relieve inflammation of the eyes and skin.

Aloe

This medicinal plant is used in traditional medicine from ancient times. About him healing properties known in ancient Egypt and Greece, where they used aloe juice, infusions and ointments made on its basis for the treatment of many diseases. Used as an external agent and prepared various preparations for oral administration. In herbal medicine, aloe vera leaves and its juice of pharmacy and home preparation are used. Aloe juice has a tonic and disinfectant property, promotes wound healing. Useful for constipation, diseases of the stomach and intestines. This juice can even be taken in its pure form, 1 teaspoon 20 minutes before meals. Duration of treatment: 2-4 weeks depending on the form of the disease. Aloe leaves are best used fresh. For the treatment of chronic gastritis, the leaves or juice are combined with other medicinal herbs.

Contraindications: hemorrhoids, cystitis, uterine bleeding, liver and gallbladder diseases, pregnancy.

Valerian officinalis

In the people, this herb is called cat's or frankincense. This herb has a calming effect on the nerves, and also has anti-spasmodic and anticonvulsant properties. The root of the plant is used, from which infusions, decoctions, and medicines are made. Sometimes the plant is confused with the poisonous spotted hemlock. These plants are very similar in appearance. However, valerian has a corymb and flowers of a pinkish hue, while hemlock blooms with white flowers and its inflorescence is in the form of an umbrella. In addition, hemlock, if crushed in the fingers, exudes a pungent and unpleasant odor.

Valerian is an ingredient in sedative, carminative, and stomach teas. In addition, valerian perfectly helps with thyroid disease. When treating with a decoction of valerian, one should be very careful: too large doses have an exciting effect on the central nervous system (especially on the vasomotor and respiratory centers). Long-term use of valerian is also not recommended, as there is a violation in the work of the gastrointestinal tract. In the treatment of chronic gastritis, both pharmaceutical tinctures of valerian and home-made are used. This remedy is often added to mixtures of other medicinal herbs to enhance the effect of beneficial substances.

Three-leaf watch

In the people, this plant is called water shamrock or female toad. There are other, more exotic names for this plant - diarrhea grass, consumptive, scrofulous, which indicate the healing properties of the three-leaf watch. In fact, infusions and decoctions of this herb can cure diseases such as dropsy, rheumatism, gout, diathesis. It perfectly copes with skin ulcers, colds and stimulates blood formation. Watch contains bitter substances that enhance gastrointestinal secretion, thereby increasing appetite and normalizing the process of digestion. Infusions are prepared from the leaves, which act as an antiseptic and promote wound healing. Soothing, appetizing and choleretic teas also contain this herb.

Curly Wolf

AT medicinal purposes use the leaves and the upper part of the plant: the stem with flower baskets. Herbal infusions and decoctions help with constipation, flatulence, accumulation of gases, gastric and intestinal ulcers, as well as liver diseases. In addition, thistle is also used in herbal medicine for anemia, inflammation of the respiratory tract. This plant is included in many collections. Caution should be exercised as large amounts of thistle can cause nausea and vomiting. People with kidney disease should not take this herb.

Contraindications: kidney disease.

St. John's wort

- steamed lean fish dishes;

- Kissels and jellies made from sweet fruits or berries, as well as fruit salads with sugar and honey.

Diet number 1b

This diet is recommended for chronic gastritis at later stages of treatment, when the patient still maintains bed rest. The duration of this diet therapy is 10-14 days. She pursues the same goals as diet number 1a.

Food must be boiled, steamed, stewed. It is more rational to eat food in a semi-liquid or puree form. Dairy products are very useful, which are certainly included in this diet. Meanwhile, fried and spicy foods are excluded. In terms of calories, food should correspond to 2300-2400 kcal. The average amount of free fluid is 2 liters. Hot dishes should be cooled to a temperature of 55-60°C, the temperature of cold dishes should not be lower than 15-20°C.

Since flour products are not recommended during gastritis, dried crackers (but not fried) can be used instead of bread. It is allowed to consume 75-100 g of crackers per day. Meat and fish dishes included in the diet should be prepared in the form of mashed potatoes, steam soufflé and cutlets. For the rest, you should follow the recommendations outlined in diet No. 1a.

Basic Diet #1

This diet is prescribed for chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency in the acute stage, as well as for chronic gastritis with increased and normal secretion. The duration of this diet therapy is 3-5 months, up to the complete relief of exacerbation and cure. The diet has the same goals as diet No. 1a, but compared to diet No. 1b, it is less sparing.

Dishes and foods that increase gastric secretion are excluded from the diet. The use of chemical irritants of the gastric mucosa is also not recommended. Liquid, mushy food should be taken, although in this case a small amount of foods of a denser consistency is allowed in the diet. Products should be boiled, stewed, grated. Do not include foods high in fiber in your diet. The calorie content of food should be about 2800–2900 kcal, and the average amount of free liquid should be 1.5 liters. The temperature of hot food can be normal, as for cold food, you can eat dishes with a temperature of at least 5–6 ° C.

You can not use the following products:

- any fresh bread (especially rye), as well as products made from rich and puff pastry;

- meat and fish broths, mushroom and strong vegetable broths, cabbage soup, borscht and okroshka;

- fatty or sinewy meats;

- meat of game, duck, goose;

- smoked meats, pickles and canned meat;

- dairy products with high acidity;

- millet, barley and barley groats, legumes, pasta;

- white cabbage, sorrel, turnip, radish, onion, swede;

- salted, pickled and pickled vegetables.

The composition of this diet may include the following foods and dishes:

- weak tea with the addition of milk or cream, sweet fruit and berry juices;

- milk, cream, non-acidic yogurt and kefir, curd soufflé, pudding and lazy dumplings;

- butter and refined sunflower oil, which are added to various dishes;

- soft-boiled eggs, steam omelet and fried eggs;

- semi-viscous and mashed cereals, cooked from semolina, buckwheat or rice, in water and milk;

- soups from mashed and well-boiled cereals, cooked in vegetable broth, vegetable puree soups, as well as milk soups seasoned with egg-milk mixture, butter or cream;

- steamed and boiled dishes from lean beef, young lean lamb, trimmed pork, turkey and chickens; as well as boiled tongue, boiled sausage without fat;

- steamed fish cakes, lean fish without skin, fried without breading or boiled, aspic on vegetable broth;

- potatoes, beets, cauliflower, carrots boiled or steamed. Souffle, mashed potatoes and steam puddings from them, as well as salads from boiled vegetables;

- fruit purees, jelly, jelly, pureed compotes with sugar and honey;

- dried bread made from wheat flour of the highest grade.

Diet therapy for patients of adolescence should include a high protein content. The calorie content of the diet can rise to 3160 kcal.

The diet should take into account the stage of the disease, as well as the severity of the clinical manifestations of gastritis. In chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency, it is recommended frequent meals in small portions (5-6 times a day), food that is mechanically sparing and increases gastric secretion.

Diet number 2

It is prescribed for chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency, as well as for chronic colitis in the stage of mild exacerbation. This diet refers to the physically complete, but with the restriction of the use of foods containing coarse fiber. Whole milk, spicy dishes, snacks and spices are also excluded from the diet. Fried foods are allowed, but should not be fried using the breading method, so as not to form a rough crust. Any food should be consumed in a crushed form. The calorie content of this diet should be approximately 2800 kcal. The average amount of liquid is 1.5 liters. The temperature of both hot and cold food may be normal.

- fresh bread and flour products from rich and puff pastry;

- duck and goose meat dishes;
- smoked meats, pickles, canned meat and fish;

- coarse varieties of fruits and berries in their raw form.

The diet may include the following foods and dishes:

- tea, coffee, cocoa with milk or cream;

- kefir, curdled milk, fresh cottage cheese, curd soufflés, etc.;

- soups cooked in weak meat or fish broth, vegetable broth. Vegetables should be finely chopped and well boiled, cereals should be mashed;

- dishes from low-fat varieties of meat, poultry; boiled, baked, fried without a rough crust, as well as cutlets;

- boiled or baked low-fat fish;

- snacks and salads from fresh tomatoes, boiled vegetables; can be combined with meat (low-fat varieties), fish and eggs;

- mashed ripe fruits and berries, baked apples;

- yesterday's wheat bread.

Diet number 3

It is prescribed for chronic diseases accompanied by persistent constipation. Helps to improve intestinal motility. In this diet, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals are in a normal physiological ratio. The diet may include foods rich in vegetable fiber. This excludes dishes that have an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. The calorie content of this diet should be approximately 2500-2900 kcal.

The following foods and dishes should not be included in the diet:

- foods rich in essential oils and cholesterol;

- spicy and fatty sauces, horseradish, pepper and mustard.

Vegetables and fruits can be consumed raw, boiled and baked. Grinding food is not necessary, it is preferable to steam or boil.

- tea and coffee drinks from substitutes;

- crumbly cereals or casseroles from millet, wheat, buckwheat, barley groats;
- soups cooked on weak fat-free meat, fish broth or vegetable broth; preferably vegetable, as well as pearl barley;

- dishes from lean meats, poultry and fish in boiled or baked form (meat can be baked in a whole piece);

- beets, carrots, tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, zucchini and pumpkin; raw and boiled, as a side dish, casserole, salad, vinaigrette; should be filled with vegetable oil;

- fresh ripe fruits and berries of sweet varieties, in pure form or in dishes; prunes, dried apricots and similar products should first be soaked in water;

- sauces on weak meat, fish broth, as well as milk sauce;

- rye bread and wholemeal wheat flour, bran or grain, yesterday's baking.

Diet number 4

It is prescribed for chronic bowel disease during profuse diarrhea and severe dyspeptic disorders. The duration of this diet therapy is 5-8 days.

The action of the diet is aimed at reducing fermentation and putrefactive processes in the intestines, as well as at maximizing the reduction of its chemical and mechanical irritation. The average amount of liquid is 1.5 liters.

Calorie content should be approximately 2000 kcal.

The intake of fats and carbohydrates should be kept to a minimum, while the protein content can remain normal.

With this diet, the following foods and dishes are excluded from the diet:

- products containing coarse fiber;

- fresh bread, as well as rich bakery products;

- spices;

- pickles;

- coffee, cocoa;

- cold and carbonated drinks;

Whole milk and some other dairy products.

The diet may include the following dishes and products:

– green tea, cocoa and black coffee without milk; fruit juices diluted with water (with the exception of grape, plum and apricot);

- freshly prepared calcined or mashed unleavened cottage cheese;
- soft-boiled eggs, steam omelette (1-2 eggs per day);

- rice, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge, mashed and boiled in water;

- soups cooked in fat-free low meat or fish broth; they can add mucous decoctions of barley, semolina or rice cereal, as well as boiled mashed meat, steam dumplings, meatballs and egg flakes;

- boiled or steamed meat cutlets, quenelles and meatballs from lean and lean beef, veal, and turkey; boiled meat soufflé;

- fish cakes, meatballs from lean fish, as well as a whole piece of fish boiled or steamed;

- vegetable dishes only in the form of decoctions, on the basis of which soups are prepared;

- crackers from wheat flour of the highest grade (200 g per day).

Common table - diet number 15

It is prescribed at the stage when the disease no longer requires therapeutic diets. The main goal of this diet is to provide the body with good nutrition. It belongs to the category of physiologically complete diets and is distinguished by a variety of products and dishes.

There are practically no restrictions in cooking methods.

Meals are taken 6 times a day. In this case, the daily caloric content should be strictly distributed:

– 1st breakfast – 20% of calories;

– 2nd breakfast – 10%;

– lunch – 35%;

– afternoon snack – 10%;

– 1st dinner – 20%;

– 2nd dinner – 5%.

The calorie content of this diet should be approximately 2700-2800 kcal. The average amount of table salt consumed in food should not exceed 15 g. The amount of liquid is unlimited.

Diet number 15 is as close as possible to the diet of a healthy person. Various dishes are allowed, as well as all methods of their preparation. If necessary, certain components necessary for food enrichment can be included in the diet.
In some cases, fasting days are recommended with diets that include a limited amount of certain foods.

Are there drugs for pressure without side effects? AT modern world many are faced with the problem of high blood pressure, indicating diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It is these diseases that lead in the number of deaths. Serious diseases often begin with a slight increase in blood pressure, which most of us do not pay attention to. Over time, severe complications develop, leading to disability and even death.

Causes of hypertension

Hypertension is a common disease, the first symptoms of which are headaches, memory problems, and increased fatigue. A person does not pay attention to symptoms for a long time, which worsen over time. There is ringing in the ears, swelling of the face, increased sweating. In the presence of such symptoms, regular monitoring of blood pressure is necessary. With a constant increase in this we are talking about hypertension. Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease that leads to disruption of all body systems. There is a decrease in visual acuity, impaired coordination, chronic fatigue.

Stress is considered to be the main cause of hypertension. When stressed, the body produces an increased amount of adrenaline, leading to an increase in blood pressure. There are some other factors leading to the development of this disease:

• excess sodium in the body, retaining fluid;
• overweight;
• alcohol consumption;
• smoking;
• sedentary lifestyle.

Once a definitive diagnosis has been made, treatment should begin immediately. In modern medicine, there is a wide range of drugs for the treatment of this disease.

Before prescribing this or that medicine, the doctor must conduct a complete examination of the patient. Most drugs give unwanted side effects, which must be taken into account when treating a patient. Almost all high blood pressure pills have negative effects, but you should choose those that have minimal harmful effects on the body. In the early stages of the disease, it is possible to do without the use of chemicals. It is necessary to activate the body's own defense mechanisms and eliminate the main cause of hypertension.

You need to start by reviewing the daily routine and nutrition. Reduce the amount of salt you eat, because it contributes to the accumulation of excess fluid in the body and can significantly increase blood pressure. Incorporate foods rich in vitamins into your diet. Additionally, it is recommended to take multivitamin complexes. Especially if the cause of high blood pressure is not overweight and endocrine diseases.

Useful lungs physical exercise. Learn to be less sensitive to stressful situations. Psychotherapy should be used. These methods are a kind of drugs for hypertension without side effects. In the initial stages of the disease, it is possible to treat hypertension with herbal remedies. These include such medicinal plants like mint, hawthorn, chamomile, lemon balm. Detecting the disease in time and starting treatment with the help of medications, it is possible to control blood pressure and avoid severe complications.

Medical therapy

With advanced forms of the disease, the patient needs to take drugs for high blood pressure. Properly selected medicine can lead to a complete cure with minimal impact on the body. Modern pills for high blood pressure have minor side effects. When choosing a drug, it is necessary to take into account the severity of the course of the disease and the presence of concomitant pathologies. Several types of drugs are used to treat high blood pressure:

1. Diuretic pills for pressure help to remove excess fluid from the body. This helps reduce stress on the kidneys and heart muscle. It is very important to choose the right dosage of the drug, taking into account the existing contraindications. For example, diuretics are not recommended for gout. Medicines of this group contribute to the removal of nutrients from the body, so they must be used in conjunction with vitamins. The main diuretics used for hypertension are Furosemide, Diacordin, Bumetanide, etc.
2. Vasodilator drugs widen blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. They are prescribed together with drugs of other groups. They have the most side effects. Taking them is advisable in cases where other drugs do not give positive results or the disease is detected in an advanced stage.
3. ACE inhibitors have a complex effect on the problem, they improve the functioning of the heart, kidneys and blood vessels. Preparations of this group reduce the production of hormones, relieve spasms. Most often, these drugs are prescribed for patients with diabetes mellitus and patients with renal insufficiency. These drugs include Enalapril, Monopril, Captopril.
4. Beta-blockers reduce the production of adrenaline, which increases with myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. Preparations of this series should not be taken with bradycardia, bronchial asthma, low blood pressure.
5. Calcium antagonists free heart cells from calcium deposits, resulting in a decrease in heart rate. They have a diuretic effect. Preparations of this group have a number of contraindications and side effects, therefore, they should be used under the constant supervision of the attending physician. The effectiveness of therapy depends on the correct choice of drugs for high blood pressure with minimal side effects.

Cheap analogues

The treatment of hypertension, as, indeed, of any other disease, leads to monetary expenses. Drug prices fluctuate widely. Cheaper drugs tend to have more side effects. The latest generation of pressure tablets undergo multi-stage purification, which reduces their harmful effects on the body. More expensive drugs have a longer shelf life, which makes them convenient to use. When buying certain pills for pressure, you should also pay attention to the country of origin.

Injections are the safest and most convenient form of drugs to treat hypertension. Switzerland is currently developing a drug that can normalize blood pressure for a long time. Injections are used in the later stages of the disease, when taking pills does not lead to positive results. Injections become more effective during a period of hypertensive crisis. In severe cases, it is recommended to immediately call an ambulance. The most common drugs for pressure in the form of injections are Enalprilat (a vasoconstrictor drug), Clonidine (reduces the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle), Furosemide (a diuretic).

When treating a patient in stationary conditions, drugs are introduced, the use of which requires constant monitoring of the state of the body. Nitroglycerin has a vasodilating effect, Metoprolol reduces the heart rate, Pentamine has a positive effect on the sympathetic nervous system, lowers blood pressure. These drugs have a large number of side effects, so their use at home is unacceptable.

When treating the elderly, one should take into account the fact that the human body becomes susceptible to many diseases. More attention should be paid to the psycho-emotional state of the patient. Elderly people should be careful about their diet, lead healthy lifestyle life, follow a special daily routine.

Drugs in such patients should be prescribed with particular caution.

Side effects at an older age are more pronounced due to age-related changes in the body. It is recommended to prescribe drugs of complex action.

Folk methods

Choosing one or the other folk remedy, you should consult with your doctor. There are several groups of herbal preparations used in the treatment of hypertension: sedatives (valerian, motherwort), diuretics (bearberry, dill seeds), strengthening the walls of blood vessels (arnica, black chokeberry). Herbal preparations, which include sedative, diuretic and restorative plants, are considered the most effective. A good effect in the treatment of hypertension gives the following collection: 10 g of cornflower and horsetail, 15 g of hawthorn, valerian root and chokeberry are mixed. 1 st. l. herbal collection pour 200 ml of boiling water and insist for half an hour. The medicine is filtered and brought to the original volume with boiled water. The medicine is taken 3 times a day for 1/3 cup.

Remember the joke? “Tell me, doctor, do the pills you prescribed me have any side effects?” - "Of course! From them, the wallet is noticeably thinner. ”

If all the problems with medicines were reduced to their price, it would be half the trouble! However, according to some reports, from 17 to 23% of drugs are potentially hazardous to health due to unwanted side reactions that they cause.

And they heal and they hurt

Not so long ago, specialists from the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine analyzed the case histories of 1,531 patients who were treated on an outpatient basis in this center, and during the study they found that 15% of them (that is, 223 people) experienced adverse reactions, associated with medication. Fortunately, there were no fatal cases among them. But, according to statistics, unwanted side effects occupy the 4th-6th place among the leading causes of death.

Adverse drug reactions are an international problem. According to the European Medicines Agency, 197,000 people die each year from the side effects of drugs in the European Union. And in the US, the story is similar: every year, adverse reactions from taking medications claim the lives of 160,000 patients. That's more than people die in car accidents.

Someone will object: “But how to do without side effects?” And as an argument, he will recall the words of the famous Soviet clinical pharmacologist Academician Boris Votchal: “If a drug is devoid of side effects, you should think about whether it has any effects at all.” Agree, it sounds quite unexpected and even provocative. But the fact is that the medicine we take interacts not only with those receptors to which it acts, but also spreads through the bloodstream throughout the body, choosing other targets. In addition, the drug undergoes transformation in the body, changing its biochemical properties, which can lead to the most unforeseen effects.

The list is long but incomplete

Depending on the time of manifestation, three types of adverse reactions are distinguished:

- acute, occurring within an hour after taking the medicine;

- subacute, which develop an hour and up to a day after taking medication;

- latent, which appear more than a day later.

In the insert-instruction for any medicine, we will find a list of side effects and contraindications, and the more serious the drug, the longer this list will be. However, there is no certainty that all of them will be listed there. Of course, before registration, each drug undergoes a rigorous check. But some adverse reactions - and even more fatal ones - are so rare that it is not always possible to identify all of their side effects in the preclinical and clinical phase of studies, that is, before the drug goes on sale. Therefore, post-marketing studies are very important for tracking adverse drug reactions.

It often happens that the list of adverse reactions has to be replenished both three and five years after the drug entered the market. And sometimes side effects are found decades later. For example, the destructive effect on the heart valves of fenfluramine, a drug from the group of serotonergic drugs, was discovered only 24 years after it was approved for use. And this undesirable effect was revealed only when they began to use this drug more often for the treatment of obesity as an appetite suppressant.

Let me know where...

In Russia, drug safety monitoring is entrusted to Roszdravnadzor, which collects and processes all information on side effects. However, only 4% of doctors report to this body about undesirable reactions that have occurred in their patients that are not listed in the instructions for the drug. Some of the doctors consider such appeals to be an empty idea, someone simply does not have enough time to fill out a special form. And someone doubts whether he prescribed the drug correctly and does not send a message about a side effect for fear that he will be held accountable. As practice shows, it is spontaneous reports from the field that make it possible to obtain the most complete information for post-marketing studies of drugs.

It is especially difficult to collect data on delayed adverse drug reactions, which are also plentiful. After all, in cases where a lot of time has passed after taking the drug, few people think of associating the disorders that have arisen in the body with taking a particular medication.

To be fair, it should be noted that in last years the number of reports of adverse reactions received by Roszdravnadzor is slowly growing. If in 2014 this department received 21,640 spontaneous reports of side effects of drugs, then in 2015 there were already 23,520 of them. However, according to WHO recommendations, 600 reports per 1 million inhabitants are considered the norm, that is, for our country with its population in 146 million people, there should be about 88 thousand such spontaneous reports of adverse reactions per year. That is, in our country only a quarter of the required number of spontaneous messages is collected. True, there is hope that with the introduction of an automated information system, the process of collecting data on side effects will still go faster.

Check on the young, accept the elderly

One way or another, but the problem of insufficient knowledge of undesirable side reactions has become especially relevant today, when the range of drugs has reached an unprecedented scale. According to some reports, after a drug enters the market, about 30% of its reactions remain unexplored, which sometimes leads to serious consequences.

This is partly due to the fact that pre-registration clinical trials of the drug are carried out on people with a relatively mild form of the disease. In addition, relatively young patients are recruited to participate in such trials, while the main drug users are much older - from the 50+ category, and have more severe forms of the disease. According to statistics, in the elderly, the frequency of side effects associated with taking medications is observed 2-3 times more often than in people under 30 years of age. In addition, older people, as a rule, take several drugs at once, which often interact with each other in undesirable interactions.

Whole body at risk

With oral medication, the gastrointestinal tract takes the first hit. Therefore, nausea, indigestion, gastrointestinal disorders, bloating, mucosal irritation and even ulceration are often on the list of side effects. For example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-narcotic painkillers, especially if they are taken for a long time, antibiotics of the tetracycline series and some other groups can lead to the formation of ulcers.

The liver often suffers from drugs, in which the main processes of biotransformation of the active substance take place. Medicines can cause various liver damage. For example, steatohepatitis, hyperplasia of the smooth cytoplasmic reticulum, pigment deposition, acute lesions - from hepatocyte dystrophy to their massive or local necrosis, cholestasis, damage and thrombosis of the liver vessels, tumors. For unknown reasons, drug-induced liver damage is more likely to develop in women, in the elderly, in people with underlying liver diseases, with obesity, with renal failure, with trophic disorders, with concomitant systemic diseases, and in alcohol abusers. Synthetic estrogens, tetracycline antibiotics, calcium antagonists, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are especially dangerous for the liver.

The kidneys also often fall into the affected area, because through them the drug or its metabolites are excreted from the body. Some antibiotics, sulfonamides, butadione have a nephrotoxic effect.

Penetrating through the blood-brain barrier, drugs can lead to disruption of some functions of the nervous system - cause dizziness, headache, lethargy, and their long-term use can cause depression, insomnia, damage to the vestibular apparatus.

The most dangerous side effect when taking medications is the suppression of hematopoiesis, which can be expressed in anemia (decrease in the level of red blood cells in the blood) or leukopenia (decrease in the level of white blood cells). For example, long-term use of tetracycline, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs can cause leukopenia.

Allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions to drugs are also not uncommon. According to American researchers, their share is from 1 to 5%, however, in hospital settings, where intramuscular and intravenous methods of administering drugs are used more often, and the drugs themselves are prescribed in large doses, they occur much more often - in 15-25% of cases.

The most common allergies are to antibiotics (in about 26% of cases), serums and vaccines (in 23% of cases), to analgesics, sulfonamides and acetylsalicylic acid - in 10% of cases, a reaction to vitamins is recorded in 6%, to hormones - in 3 %, local anesthetics - in 1% of cases. The remaining 29% of allergic reactions are due to hypoglycemic and other antidiabetic drugs, diuretics, psychotropic, cardiovascular and other drugs.

A typical manifestation of drug allergy is delayed-type skin reactions - erythema (redness), pruritus, urticaria, blisters that occur a few days after the start of the drug. But if a person has had an allergy to any medicine before, then when it is taken again, the reaction can develop rapidly. The most dangerous allergic reactions to drugs are angioedema and anaphylactic shock, leading to death. The most important feature of drug allergies is that they are not dose dependent. That is, a reaction can occur even to the minimum amount of the drug.

Caution and more caution

Unfortunately, doctors do not always warn their patients about the possible consequences of taking medications. Patients themselves also tend to ignore the information on the inserts for drugs, where contraindications and side effects are listed at the very end.

Needless to say, how important it is to prescribe the optimal doses of drugs and constantly remind patients of the need to follow the regimen throughout the course.

When combined pharmacotherapy should take into account the possible interaction with other medicines, as well as with food and alcohol.

It is important to time intervals between taking mutually reacting substances, not to use drugs with a similar mechanism of action at the same time, and to avoid polypharmacy (simultaneous intake of a large number of drugs), which seriously increases the risk of adverse events.

In case of an overdose, even vitamins, which we consider an absolute blessing, are ready to harm health. For example, excess vitamin A can cause headaches, muscle and bone pain, dizziness, hair loss, and excess daily doses of vitamin E increase the risk of high blood pressure and hypertensive crisis. Vitamin D, which is often prescribed to children to prevent rickets, can cause insomnia, vomiting, constipation alternating with diarrhea, and even convulsions, as well as metabolic disorders that lead to the loss of calcium, phosphorus, and protein in the body. An overdose of vitamin K can cause bleeding disorders, and an excess of vitamin C can lead to a decrease in capillary permeability and disruption of the heart.

On a note

Types of adverse drug reactions

Pharmacodynamic - due to the pharmacological properties of drugs. For example, such as orthostatic reactions when prescribing antihypertensive drugs (dizziness, weakness, fainting, blurred consciousness when taking a vertical position or staying in it for a long time), dry cough when taking ACE inhibitors - drugs that are often used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Toxic - associated with the selective toxicity of drugs in relation to vital organs. Usually, toxic reactions depend on the dose of the drug.

Allergic (pseudo-allergic) - such reactions are very difficult to predict. To reduce the risk of their occurrence, it is important to take into account the person's initial allergic history when prescribing drugs.

Idiosyncrasy is a genetically predetermined increased reactivity and sensitivity to certain medicinal substances, which persists even when they are taken again.

Teratogenic and embryotoxic - reactions that cause morphological abnormalities and malformations of the fetus. The most notorious incident associated with a teratogenic drug reaction is known as the "Thalidomide Tragedy": in the middle of the 20th century, there was a mass birth of babies with malformations of the limbs, caused by the fact that their mothers took the sleeping pill thalidomide during pregnancy. Teratogenic and embryotoxic reactions are usually studied in animal experiments and are practically not studied in clinical settings.

Withdrawal syndrome (rebound) - is expressed in the exacerbation of the disease after the sudden withdrawal of the drug.

Drug dependence - when the drug is discontinued, the patient develops a severe psychosomatic condition that requires the resumption of the drug. It is typical for psychotropic drugs and narcotic painkillers.

Arterial hypertension ranks third in the world among heart diseases and vascular system. Every year, thousands of people die from a hypertensive crisis, so the issue of prevention and treatment of pathology does not lose its relevance. An integral part of therapy is taking medications, which in some cases need to be taken for life. Many of the effective medicines have many side effects and negative consequences for the body, so only a doctor should prescribe any medication.

Most patients ask the attending specialist to choose a remedy with minimal side effects, but it is worth mentioning right away that such drugs do not exist. Relatively safe for the health of the patient are herbal preparations and other herbal recipes for lowering blood pressure, but in terms of effectiveness they are significantly inferior to synthetic substances and are only suitable for treating grade 1 hypertension, as they have a cumulative effect.

Classification of drugs for hypertension

Any specialist will say that there is no universal cure for hypertension without side effects. Therapy of the disease is most often complex and includes drugs of different pharmacological groups, which are selected depending on the existing complications and concomitant diagnoses.

Means for dilating blood vessels

These drugs cannot be classified as safe drugs, since most of them have severe side effects. Only a doctor should prescribe the funds of this group if indicated. Vasodilators contribute to the expansion of the lumen of blood vessels and capillaries and reduce the resistance of the vascular walls, as a result of which the patient's condition improves, and the tonometer readings decrease by several points. The most popular drugs in this group include Minoxidil and Hydralazine, but they are used only for hypertension of degrees 2 and 3 and strictly if indicated.

Diuretics

Diuretic drugs are necessary in cases where the disease is caused by the accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous fat. In the presence of edema or dropsy (swelling of internal organs), the load on the heart muscle and blood vessels increases, and the kidneys cannot fully perform their functions.

Pills for hypertension with a diuretic effect have many contraindications, but sometimes you can’t do without their use. Depending on the age of the patient and the existing complications, the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

• "Furosemide";
• "Bumetanide";
• "Polythiazide";
• "Metolazone";
• "Diukardin".

Important! During the intake of diuretics, not only excess moisture is removed from the body, but also the necessary vitamins and minerals, therefore, during the treatment period, it is important to eat fully and take vitamin-mineral complexes selected by a specialist.

calcium antagonists

The list of drugs for hypertension with minimal side effects includes calcium antagonist drugs. When they are taken, the number of contractions of the inner layer of the heart muscle decreases, which reduces the load on the blood vessels and helps to lower blood pressure.

To the most common drugs with similar pharmacological action can be attributed:

• "Verapamil";
• "Nifedipine";
• "Amlodipine".

Note! Medicines that belong to the group of calcium antagonists have a pronounced diuretic effect, so their use with diuretics is possible only in a hospital under the constant supervision and control of a specialist.

ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors include synthetic and natural compounds that have a positive effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. They block the production of a special enzyme that affects the synthesis of angiotensin. It is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.

ACE inhibitors used in the complex therapy of hypertension include:

• "Monopril";
• "Enalapril";
• "Captopril".

Despite the fact that the drugs of this group have the least harm to the human body, they cannot be taken without a doctor's prescription, as there are contraindications. It is also possible to develop side effects, such as headache, nausea and digestive disorders.

Beta blockers

Medicines of this group (for example, Karteolol) are also included in the list of effective drugs for the treatment of hypertension, but they cannot be called safe, since they have many contraindications and negative consequences. Such drugs should not be taken with bronchial asthma, low blood pressure and other pathologies that may affect the outcome of therapy.

The best drugs for hypertension

Doctors in the treatment of hypertension are trying to prescribe new generation drugs that have a good therapeutic effect and minimal side effects. Of course, there are no completely safe drugs that reduce blood pressure without risk to health, but you can significantly reduce the likelihood of negative reactions if you listen to the advice of your doctor and follow his recommendations. To date, experts prefer seven drugs, which are most often part of the combined treatment regimens for hypertension.

"Raunatin"

This medicine is rightfully considered one of the best for the treatment of hypertension. It belongs to the group of antispasmodics, has no restrictions for use, has a positive effect on the functioning of the nervous system, as well as the contraction of the heart muscle and the transport of oxygen to the myocardium. Course treatment helps to reduce the load on the heart and blood vessels and reduce pressure without the use of potent drugs. The most effective use of "Raunatin" for hypertension 1 and 2 degrees. The agent may be part of the combined treatment of primary and secondary hypertension.

"Enalapril"

Enalapril is used to treat any form of arterial hypertension, including renovascular hypertension. In the treatment of the drug, there is a positive trend in patients with chronic heart failure, since active substance tablets promotes vasodilation and improves blood circulation.

The dosage of the drug is selected individually, taking into account the severity of the underlying diagnosis. The initial dose is 10-20 mg per day. If the pressure is increased slightly (no more than 140/90), a good therapeutic effect is achieved using the minimum dose of 10 mg.

Important! The maximum amount of enalapril that can be taken per day is 40 mg. Therapy with the drug in this dosage should be under the supervision of a specialist.

"Losartan"

The range of use of the drug is quite extensive. The agent is successfully used to correct blood pressure, treat chronic heart failure, reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients at risk for cardiovascular pathologies.

"Losartan" has almost no contraindications, with the exception of intolerance to the main component, pregnancy or lactation. Use in childhood is possible according to the prescription of the attending physician, but treatment should be carried out with caution, since there is no data on the safety of Losartan in this category of patients.

Structural analogues of "Losartan" are:

• "Lozap";
• "Lorista".

Important! Side effects during treatment with the drug are rare, but still possible. In patients treated with drugs containing losartan, disorders in the digestive system, dizziness, weakness, and an unpleasant taste in the oral cavity were diagnosed.

"Reserpine"

This drug belongs to the group of sympatholytics - substances that affect the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. "Reserpine" copes well with the initial stages of primary and secondary hypertension, as well as psychoses that develop against the background of high blood pressure.

The drug is taken orally after a meal. The reception scheme looks like this:

• 0.1 mg 1-2 times per knock at the initial stage;
• increasing the dose to 0.25-0.5 mg per day (divided into 3-4 doses).

Negative reactions while taking "Reserpine" can be manifested by increased dryness of the mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth, nasal congestion, weakness, nausea and heart rhythm disturbances.

"Nifedipine"

The drug belongs to the group of calcium channel blockers. Treatment with "Nifedipine" is contraindicated in any form of heart failure. Side effects during therapy are possible, but in most cases the drug is well tolerated by all groups of patients.

In therapeutic and cardiological practice, the following dosage regimens are used (depending on the severity of the pathology):

• 10 mg 2 times a day;
• 20 mg 2 times a day;
• 20 mg 4 times a day (this option is prescribed in extreme cases with severe hypertension).

Important! The maximum daily dose of Nifedipine should not exceed 80 mg.

"Methyldopa"

One of the safest drugs for the treatment of essential and secondary hypertension. If necessary, "Methyldopa" can be prescribed even to pregnant and lactating women, subject to constant medical supervision. The drug has many contraindications and limitations and can cause side effects - this is indicated in the official annotation to the drug. But practice shows that treatment with "Methyldopa" is well tolerated even by pregnant women, who belong to the category of particularly vulnerable patients.

An excellent therapeutic effect is also given by the use of "Verapamil" and "Captopril", but they, like other antihypertensive drugs, should not be taken without a doctor's prescription and consultation.

The choice of drugs for the treatment of high blood pressure is not as simple a task as it may seem at first. Any medication has its contraindications and side effects. Even harmless vitamins can harm your health if you do not know about the features of their intake, so it is better to entrust the selection of therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies to an experienced and qualified specialist.

cardiogid.ru

Classification of drugs for the treatment of hypertension

All tablets for hypertension are classified into groups, each of which "in its own way" acts on the body:

1. Beta blockers. These drugs are aimed at reducing the level of activity of beta-1 receptors in the heart, provoking heart palpitations and increased blood pressure.
2. Calcium channel blockers. Medicines belonging to this class contribute to blocking the channels through which the movement of calcium ions through the fibers to the vascular muscles occurs. Their excess leads to a rapid contraction of the heart muscle and an increase in blood pressure.
3. Myotropic antispasmodics. The action of these drugs is also aimed at blocking calcium channels, but they are effective only in the initial stages of the development of hypertension.
4. Nitrates. These are effective pills for hypertension, but they are prescribed only if an attack of high blood pressure in a patient is accompanied by severe pain in the thoracic region or after a myocardial infarction. Medicines of this group contain nitroglycerin derivatives, which help to reduce vascular tone, improving blood flow in them, but at the same time reduce blood circulation to the heart. Therefore, it is impossible to take them without the knowledge of a doctor in any case.
5. Alpha blockers. These drugs block alpha receptors, the irritation of which leads to an increase in blood pressure.


6. Sympatholytics. Drugs from this group have a blocking effect on the nerve impulses of norepinephrine, which provokes a sharp increase in blood pressure.
7. Diuretics. These drugs have a diuretic effect on the body, as a result of which they remove excess sodium anions from it, thereby lowering the volume of circulating blood in the blood vessels and lowering blood pressure.
8. Alpha brain stimulants. They are aimed at stimulating the work of alpha receptors in the central nervous system, reducing the activity of sympathetic nerves. They have many contraindications and side effects.
9. ACE inhibitors and sartans. The action of these drugs is aimed at slowing down the synthesis of angiotensin-2. Indicated for both hypertension and hypotension.

Pills for hypertension without side effects are very rare. Therefore, it is impossible to take them without first consulting a doctor, as this can negatively affect your well-being.

In hypertension, doctors most often prescribe the following drugs to their patients:

1. Losartan. An effective remedy for hypertension, which lasts for 14 hours after ingestion. The drug contains active ingredients that have a blocking effect on the angiotensin-II receptor. This drug has virtually no side effects and can be used even during pregnancy. However, in patients who, in addition to hypertension, also have liver disease, Losartan should be taken carefully and at the lowest dosage.


2. Verapamil. The best tablets for hypertension, which help to reduce vascular tone and improve the supply of oxygen to the heart. Contraindication - acute myocardial infarction.
3. Nifedipine. The effect of this medicinal product It is aimed at reducing vascular tone and stimulating blood flow to the brain and spinal cord. It should not be taken with hypotension and heart failure.
4. Captopril. The active components that make up the drug help to relieve the load from the heart and normalize the functioning of the respiratory system. It can be used in young children and in diabetes mellitus. But in the presence of a deficiency of leukocytes or platelets in the blood, this drug cannot be used.
5. Enalapril. The effect of this drug is the same as that of Captoril. However, its use in the presence of renal failure is contraindicated.
6. Methyldopa. This drug helps to reduce the tone of blood vessels, thereby improving blood flow in them and reducing blood pressure. It can be used during pregnancy and lactation, but for people with kidney failure, it is better to refuse to take this medication, as this can lead to a sharp deterioration in well-being.
7. Reserpine. Pills for hypertension in the early stages of development. Effective only in combination with diuretics. Contraindicated in peptic ulcers, bradycardia and renal sclerosis.
8. Raunatin. This is the only drug that has no contraindications for use. It helps to relieve the load from the heart muscle, normalize its contraction and lower blood pressure. At the same time, this drug has a beneficial effect on the work of the central nervous system.

If you have hypertension, which pills to take will tell your doctor. After all, the choice of drugs for hypertension in each case is selected individually, taking into account all the characteristics of the body. If you carry out uncontrolled intake of medicines for high blood pressure, then you can greatly harm your health. Remember this.

evehealth.ru

Principles of drug therapy

When starting treatment for a patient with hypertension, the doctor tries to find the best medicine for each specific case. There are no identical patients. Everyone has their own characteristics of the course of the disease, comorbidities. In addition, everyone reacts differently to the dosage of the drug.

Modern therapy requires:

1. Start taking one antihypertensive drug (monotherapy). With the help of monitoring the level of blood pressure, a sufficient dose is selected.
2. Based on the knowledge about the rate of absorption of the drug and the onset of its maximum effect, the time at which you need to take the pills is set.
3. The second drug is added only if the possibilities for the dosage of the monodrug have been exhausted.
4. It is necessary to take into account the severity of the disease, the age of the patient.
5. At the same time, take into account risk factors for complications and carry out their prevention.
6. Use tablet forms for continuous use, injections only in case of hypertensive crises.
7. Educate patients with hypertension on the rules of treatment, inform about the features of different drugs for hypertension, possible side effects.

If you want to learn more about the methods of treating hypertension, then read the article "Modern methods of treating hypertension" on our website.

Effective treatment of hypertension will be only when exposed to different parts of the pathology, when restoring the disturbed balance of the nervous regulation of vascular tone, electrolytes. For this, groups of drugs are used that differ in the mechanism of action.

Medications with a vasodilatory effect

Vasodilators are the oldest group of drugs. Previously, they were widely used intramuscularly, administered in hypertensive crises. Then the main mechanism for increasing pressure was considered vascular spasm. Changing views on the pathogenesis of hypertension has led to the production of new drugs, however, if the patient has symptoms that clearly indicate a spasm, these drugs for hypertension remain in demand.

Usually they are prescribed not alone, but in combination with diuretics and β-blockers. The most popular antispasmodics:

• Dibazol is most useful during crises, since its action is short-term, improves brain function, relieves headaches, and is considered an immunity activator.
• Papaverine, Papazol (papaverine + dibazol) - lowers the tone of the smooth muscles of the vessels, ureter, gallbladder. Therefore, it helps in the presence of concomitant diseases.
• No-shpa - relieves spasm of the intestines, bile ducts, reduces intestinal peristalsis, improves the patency of the vascular bed. It does not have a central effect on the brain.
• Hydralazine (Aprezalin) - belongs to a new generation of antispasmodics, requires careful use in patients with kidney and liver diseases.
• Loniten (Minoxyl) - relaxes the muscles of the walls of blood vessels, is a powerful tool.

Drugs in this group are not suitable for long-term use, because there is an addictive effect. They have a negative effect on the liver, kidneys.

Diuretics (diuretics) drugs

The introduction of drugs with a diuretic effect causes the withdrawal of fluid and salts from the vascular bed. This weakens the resistance to the heart muscle, lowers blood pressure, and eliminates edema in existing heart failure.

According to the mechanism of action, all diuretics are divided into groups:

• Thiazide derivatives (Metolazone, Indapamide, Clopamid) - contribute to the removal of water along with sodium and chlorides. At the same time, the body loses potassium, a very necessary element for myocardial contraction. Therefore, indications are limited to heart disease and rhythm disturbances.
• Potassium-sparing diuretics include Amilopride, Triamterene.
• Dramatically increase the permeability of the loops of the renal glomeruli diuretics with a rapid effect (Furosemide, Lasix, Torasemide). They are shown during crises.
• Drugs acting at the hormonal level (Veroshpiron) inhibit the production of hormones that retain water.

In the group of diuretics of the latest production, negative effects are taken into account, combinations with other drugs are added.

Details about the possibilities of diuretics can be found in the article "Treatment of arterial hypertension with diuretics"

group of calcium antagonists

Hypertension drugs from the group of calcium antagonists do not let calcium ions into the cells. It has been established that this contributes to the removal of tension from the walls of blood vessels, relaxation of the myocardium. Drugs considered especially effective: Amlodipine, Lercanidipine, Normodipin, Diltiazem, Verapamil, Nifedipine.

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin blockers

The drugs provide a counteract to the most important mechanism that increases blood pressure: they eliminate the enzymes that contribute to the production of hypertensive substances at the cellular level. Indicated for the treatment of hypertension "with experience". In addition to well-known drugs such as Ramipril, Captopril, Kapoten, Enalapril, the group includes the latest generation drugs (Prestarium, Perindopril).

Among angiotensin blockers, Candesartan, Valsartan, Losartan, Lozap play an important role in therapy.

Group of β-blockers

Drugs block certain types of nerve endings in the vascular wall, making them immune to spasm. Their important action is to slow down the heart rate, ensure maximum myocardial unloading, and reduce the need for oxygen.

The pharmaceutical industry produces many drugs in this group. Their application is considered the most promising. Representatives are: Nebilet, Timolol, Karvedipol, Sektral, Lokren.

Group of homeopathic remedies

Homeopaths, unlike therapists, take into account:

• lifestyle features (nutrition, character);
• leading symptoms of the disease;
• the patient's response to the environment.

Small dosages are used, but they must be taken for a long time. A doctor should be consulted about the possibility of combining with other drugs.

With complications of hypertension (stroke or heart attack), barium salts are recommended. If the patient is worried about headaches, a feeling of heaviness in the head, then preparations based on gold are prescribed.

Homeopathic medicines affect the body as a whole, treat concomitant diseases (cholecystitis, arthrosis, cardiac ischemia) at the same time.

Not all drugs for the treatment of hypertension are listed. In modern medicines, side effects on the body are minimized, combinations of substances from different groups are used.

Treatment should be carried out only under medical supervision. You should not change the means or increase the dosage on your own. In a huge list of drugs, you can always choose the right drug for each patient.

serdec.ru

The main groups of drugs for hypertension

Tablets to lower the pressure of the patient are selected by the attending physician, taking into account his condition. There are several groups of drugs that can regulate blood pressure. All of them act according to different schemes, have their own characteristics, contraindications, side effects. Tablets should be drunk constantly, regardless of the tonometer readings. They have a feature - accumulate in the body, have a long-term effect. Many drugs are addictive, so the doctor changes them periodically. If you have hypertension, get ready to drink them for the rest of your life.

Drugs that can regulate pressure solve the main tasks:

• reduce headache;
• prevent nosebleeds;
• remove the flies in front of the eyes;
• prevent kidney failure;
• reduce pain in the heart;
• prevent the risk of stroke and heart attack.

Let's take a closer look at these drugs. The main groups of drugs that solve the problems of high blood pressure:

• beta blockers;
• alpha blockers;
• calcium antagonists;
• angiotensin 2 antagonists;
• diuretics;
• ACE inhibitors.

Beta blockers

Tablets of this group are able to influence the heart rate, reducing it. At the same time, the walls of blood vessels relax, the volume of blood entering them for a certain period of time is reduced. This leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Prescribe drugs in the presence of concomitant heart diseases: tachycardia, coronary disease, rhythm disturbances. The tablets of this group have side effects. It is not advisable to take them in case of complaints of pain in the heart and seizures. The group includes: "Concor", "Nebivalol", "Metaprolol".

Alpha blockers

Tablets of this group have an antispasmodic effect, dilate blood vessels, relaxing the muscles along them. This helps to reduce pressure. If you take drugs separately from diuretics, beta-blockers, swelling and headaches are possible. Alpha blockers are used in severe cases when other means are powerless. Tablets are addictive, can provoke an increase in heart rate, hyperhairiness. These drugs include: Hydralazine, Minoxidil.

calcium antagonists

This group of drugs has a different name - calcium channel blockers. Tablets interfere with the entry of calcium into the cells of blood vessels, which at the same time expand, and a decrease in pressure occurs. Tops the rating of drugs "Nifedipine", which can quickly relieve a hypertensive crisis. With increased pressure, which is accompanied by diseases - arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, Verapamil, Amlodipine are prescribed. These drugs do not cause lethargy, help to endure physical exertion. Often given to older people.

Angiotensin 2 antagonists

To modern drugs of the group, which have minimal side effects, another name is used - sartans. The effect of use is enhanced when combined with diuretics. Stable results are visible within a few weeks. Popular tablets of this group: Lozap, Valz, Losartan. They are not addictive, have a long-term effect - you need to take them once a day. Through their use:

• reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack;
• reduces the risk of kidney failure.

Diuretics (diuretics)

Among the tablets for hypertension, diuretics are prescribed as one of the first drugs. They help remove excess water and salt from the body, reduce swelling. This reduces the volume of blood, less stress on the heart. All this contributes to the normalization of pressure. Diuretics are prescribed only by a doctor - this is due to the fact that they remove calcium, potassium and magnesium from the body. They have contraindications for use. Together with diuretics, drugs are prescribed that restore the balance of potassium, calcium and magnesium.

Effective diuretics for high blood pressure:

• "Furosemide", "Diuver" - potent drugs, actively remove calcium and magnesium, are not recommended during pregnancy.
• "Hypotheazid", "Indapamide" - act slowly, have few side effects.
• "Veroshpiron" - has a weak diuretic effect, but is a potassium-sparing drug, helps with the highest, third degree of arterial hypertension.

It is necessary to be careful with diuretic tablets for hypertension. They are sold without prescriptions, the drugs are cheap, but you need to drink them only as directed and under the supervision of a doctor. It is associated with side effects:

• increased risk diabetes;
• the level of cholesterol rises;
• there are problems with potency;
• become more fatigued;
• hormonal disruptions occur;
• possible loss of consciousness.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Such drugs are prescribed to patients with hypertension who have heart failure and diabetes mellitus, there is coronary heart disease. ACE inhibitors dilate blood vessels, contribute to reduced results of tonometer readings. They reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, protect the kidneys, reduce the likelihood of developing diabetes. The drugs have a short duration of action, so they are taken according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor.

These medicines have few side effects. Sometimes there is a dry cough, slight swelling of the face. They should be taken at the dose indicated in the instructions, due to the possibility of a sharp decrease in pressure. Prescribe drugs along with diuretics, calcium antagonists - with this option, a strong therapeutic effect is obtained. ACE inhibitors are often used:

• "Enalapril";
• "Captopril";
• "Lisinopril";
• "Ramipril".

How to choose the right therapy for high blood pressure

Do not self-medicate if you have high blood pressure. To choose the right pills for hypertension, it is important to consult a doctor. He will find out what pressure you have now, what indicators you need to achieve after treatment. This is especially important for the elderly - properly selected antihypertensive drugs prolong life, improve its quality.

Modern methods of treating hypertension are aimed at reducing and normalizing blood pressure. Only a qualified doctor is able to correctly select, from the whole variety, the necessary drugs, taking into account the tests, the age of the patient. During the appointment, he:

• learn about concomitant diseases;
• defines contraindications;
• empirically select medicines for pressure;
• will prescribe a dosage, starting with small values;
• determine the regimen of administration, depending on the duration of action of the drugs;
• monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

List of the best drugs for hypertension of the new generation

Modern drugs for lowering blood pressure differ in that they have few side effects. The pharmaceutical industry offers the latest developments that have received excellent reviews from physicians. The list of a new generation of tablets for hypertension includes combined drugs that simultaneously have a vasodilating, diuretic and antispasmodic effect: Andipal, Tvinsta.

Modern tablets for hypertension - novelties on the market of pharmacological drugs - require mandatory medical supervision. Each group of drugs has innovations:

• calcium antagonists - "Amlodipine", "Riodipine";
• sartans - "Valsartan", "Kardosal";
• diuretics - "Torasimide", "Rolophilin";
• alpha and beta blockers - Nebivolol, Carvedilol;
• ACE inhibitors - "Enalapril", "Lizinoproil" and its analogue - "Dapril".

Fast acting high blood pressure pills

How to bring down the pressure if it suddenly rose sharply? For urgent relief of a hypertensive crisis, it is necessary to dissolve a Nifedipine tablet under the tongue. Quickly normalizes the pressure reception "Capoten". It is also placed under the tongue - until dissolved - the action begins after 10 minutes. It is very important that the pressure drop does not happen very sharply - otherwise there may be a stroke. If the attack is accompanied by pain in the heart, an ambulance is provided by a Nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. With an increased heart rate, Esmolol helps well. The latest ReCardio is also widely recommended.

Are there any side effects and contraindications

The peculiarity of taking pills for hypertension is that they do not treat the cause of the disease, they only lower the pressure and maintain it within the required limits. To do this, you need to take drugs constantly, regardless of what the tonometer readings are at the moment. Unfortunately, drugs have side effects that accumulate in the body with this pattern of use.

More information about this, and about contraindications, can be found in the description of each drug. Physicians know about them. Side effects of drugs on the body manifest themselves in different ways, and cause from:

• nervous system - dizziness, weakness, headache;
• cardiovascular - fainting, heart rhythm disturbance;
• sense organs - blurred vision, tinnitus;
• digestive system - nausea, diarrhea;
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