What is interesting in the freshwater. Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Walking along the well-groomed paths of the park, I suddenly caught myself thinking: there is something else very pleasant and comfortable in the atmosphere. It was quiet, unobtrusive music pouring from the speakers. She was echoed by the numerous voices of the birds living in the park. It was very strange, but harmonious. All this set up for relaxation, rest and solitude.

Carefully preserved nature and picturesque views of the park contribute to this lyrical mood. In autumn, the old linden alley is well preserved, along which, oddly enough, champignons grow under the canopy of trees.

Having crossed to the island along the oval bridge, I ended up in a real recreation area. There are also free comfortable sun loungers and ottomans. People sunbathe right in the center of the city. The beauty!

Mothers with strollers, children running barefoot on the soft grass - what could be better for those who do not have the opportunity to go out of town in the summer?! Right there, nearby, on the island, there is a huge white tent, where, probably, you can hide from the unexpected rain. But at that moment there was some kind of seminar or training of the design school. Nobody interfered with anyone: some sunbathed, others nursed children, others were trained.

By the way, for children in the park they made a wonderful playground with a special coating, various swings and a trampoline. The kids don't want to go home.

Nearby is a small stage. Obviously, interesting performances and holidays take place here. Yes, they still play movies for free right under open sky. There is a poster at the entrance.

Sports activities in the park

Pleasantly surprised by the rental of sports equipment. What is there just not - bicycles, roller skates, velomobiles, electric cars for children. The prices are quite reasonable.

I also noticed a playground for basketball and mini-football. But the most interesting thing is a skate park for fans of extreme sports. Teenagers here make different tricks on roller skates, bicycles and skateboards. An exciting action.

Five times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday) at 10.00 everyone can practice ancient Chinese breathing exercises with instructors. Entrance is completely free.

History of the park

The small park "Krasnaya Presnya", located on 16.5 hectares right in the center of Moscow, is rightfully considered unique in the capital. This is due to the only picturesque "Dutch" ponds in Moscow, which have been preserved on the site of the old manor of the 18th century "Studenets".

The estate belonged to the princes Gagarin. M.A. Gagarin laid out a garden in this place in the so-called "Dutch style", suggesting the presence of artificial ponds. The very name of the estate comes from the Studenets stream that once flowed here, which was famous for its pure springs. Residents of the area have always come here for the beautiful water, which was considered healing.

Subsequently, in the 20s of the 19th century, the estate passed into the hands of the Moscow Governor-General A.A. Zakrevsky, who built a beautiful house here and arranged the park together with the architect G. Gilardi. Now the estate is being restored, but they say that this has nothing to do with a real historical reconstruction. It is expected that there will be a regular remake.

In addition, the would-be restorers a few years ago, while carrying out work, broke the vein of the key that supplied the ponds with water. They began to dry up. AT this moment they are somehow filled with water, but in some places it blooms very strongly. Obviously, the water-biological balance was disturbed.

In 1932, a recreation park for Muscovites was created on the site of the estate. Part of the ponds were filled up, but new bridges in the Empire style were thrown over.

The cast-iron front gates of the park, recreated by architects in 1998 from photographs of the 30s of the 20th century, are very interesting in appearance.

At the entrance to the park, you are immediately greeted by Lenin, whose monument was erected here in 1976. He looks very sad and dilapidated. He sits, thinks, writes something in his copper notebook...

Since it was time for a lunch break, the few alleys of the park were filled with "white collars", or in other words - "office plankton", who "floated" here to breathe fresh Moscow air, forgetting about all their business affairs. In general, the park is, as it were, in the arms of the business life of Moscow - it is surrounded by the World Trade Center and the Expocentre. Yes, and Moscow City is very close.

Come to the park to feel in solitude and tranquility, to relax and unwind.

Some more photos of the park:

How to get there:

The park is located at the address - Mantulinskaya street, house 5. How to get there: you can walk from the metro as follows:

• from the metro station "Vystavochnaya" - 751 m;
• from the metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda" - 1288 m;
• from the metro station "Mezhdunarodnaya" - 1331 m.

Krasnaya Presnya
metro stations Krasnopresnenskaya, Barrikadnaya, Ulitsa 1905 Goda
The origin of the name "Presnya" is often explained from the word "fresh"
from a small local river "Presnya".
But History ordered in its own way - the bloody events of the last
100 years that took place in this area of ​​Moscow, in many ways
predetermined the course of development and the social structure of all of Russia and
reflected in the name of the region.
In 1920, Presnya was renamed Krasnaya Presnya.
The memory of the revolutionary events of the last century is enshrined in
names of streets, squares and lanes, materialized in dozens
monuments and monuments.
Some of them are described below, since the names of the streets
gradually return historical names, and some artifacts
just disappear in an unknown direction.
The historical name was returned to the district itself - now it is
Presnensky district of the Central Administrative District of Moscow.
Its area is 11.2 square kilometers and bypass them
possible in one day.
Presnensky district begins in the center from Okhotny Ryad street.
On the south side, the area is bounded by the Moscow River, an embankment with a length
5 km.
On Presnya there are objects of the federal and citywide
values:
House of the Government of the Russian Federation (White House),
World Trade Center (WTC, Hammer Center),
Moscow Zoo,
cinema center,
Home Cinema,
ITAR-TASS,
Expocentre.
The construction of Europe's largest international
business center "Moscow-City" and the laying of
Krasnopresnensky prospect, which will connect the city center with
Novorizhskoe highway.

Moscow Zoo
Bolshaya Gruzinskaya st., 1, metro station "Barrikadnaya",
"Krasnopresnenskaya"
Solemnly opened on January 31 (February 12 according to the new style), 1864
Today the collection of the Moscow Zoo includes about
1000 species of animals (about 6000 individuals) located on
territory of 21.5 hectares.
A huge number of people come here: about
2 million tickets.
The Moscow Zoo is a large educational, scientific and
environmental institution.
It contains 178 species and subspecies of animals listed in
Red Data Books of IUCN, RF and CIS countries.

Museum of V. I. Dahl on Presnya
Bolshaya Gruzinskaya st., 4/6, metro station "Barrikadnaya"
The last years of Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl from 1859 to 1872,
marked by the writing of his main work "Explanatory Dictionary
living Great Russian language”, were held on Presnya.
During this period, the collection "Proverbs of the Russian people" was published.
(1861-1862) and his main brainchild - 4 volumes of an explanatory dictionary
(1863-1866).
The place chosen by the great lexicographer for residence was in
those years are most picturesque.
Near Bolshaya Gruzinskaya, where Dahl's house stood, there were
Presnensky Ponds.
Around one of them - the Upper Pond - in 1864 a
The Zoological Garden is the founder of the modern Zoo.
The rivers Bubna and Presnya flowed in the immediate vicinity.
In the 1970s, his house received the status of an architectural monument.
the end of the 18th century and a cultural and historical monument.
And in October 1986, the Museum was opened in two of its rooms.
V. I. Dahl.
In 1992, a memorial plaque was installed on the House of V. I. Dahl.
The modern exposition of the museum tells about the life of our great
compatriot.
The atmosphere of the time when this man lived and worked is preserved here.
a wonderful person, a collector of innumerable riches of the Russian language.
Buried Vladimir Ivanovich Dal was also on Presnya - on
Vagankovsky cemetery.
Unfortunately, the house in which Vladimir Ivanovich Dal lived and worked
today, due to dense development, it is closed for viewing from the side
streets and there are no signs to facilitate its search in depth
yard.

House of V. D. Polenov
Zoological street, 13, metro station "Barrikadnaya"
Life and work in Moscow of the outstanding Russian artist Vasily
Dmitrievich Polenov is closely connected with Presnya.
In 1915, he acquired a plot of land on Presnya and, in his own way,
the project was built by the House of Theater Education, which lovingly
called "a theatrical laboratory for the whole of Russia."
Here were located decorative and costume workshops,
warehouses of scenery, props and props, a theater library and
performance hall.
And this is no coincidence - the painter Polenov was an outstanding architect,
musician, teacher.
At Savva Mamontov's Moscow Russian Private Opera and at the Bolshoi
the theater was in charge of the staging.
Polenov himself wrote about thirty typical scenery, and copies
from them, made by young artists, were rented to everyone
theater circles.
The first municipal theater in Moscow was created: Theater of Arts
"Presnya".
Now it houses the National Center for Contemporary Art.

Big Georgian street
metro station "Belorusskaya", "Barrikadnaya"
Since ancient times, the region was called Georgians, according to the
Georgian freedom.
In 1725, fleeing the Turkish and Persian invaders, in
hospitable Moscow moved the Georgian king Vakhtang VI with
sons Bakar and George and a retinue of princes, nobles and ordinary
more than three thousand people.
Tsar Peter II gave the Georgians the land of the palace village Novoe
Voskresenskoye outside the Earthen City and granted a huge
sometimes the amount is 10 thousand rubles.
In addition, residents of the Georgian settlement were provided with special
state service benefits and many privileges from Russians
authorities.
Throughout the 18th century, Moscow gave refuge to many
enlightened people of Georgia.
Outstanding Georgian scientists and scientists lived and worked in the Georgian settlement.
writers, including the author of major works on the history of Georgia
Vakhushti Bagrationi, author of the first explanatory dictionary of Georgian
Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani language.
They translated Russian scientific and fiction on the
Georgian language, and in the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye near Moscow (in the region
modern Sokol metro station) was a Georgian printing house,
where Georgian books were printed.

Church of the Great Martyr George the Victorious in Georgia
Bolshaya Gruzinskaya st., 13, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
In 1749, the son of Vakhtang VI, Tsarevich George Vakhtangovich Bagrationi,
major general of the Russian army appealed to Archbishop Platon
with a request for a permit for the construction of a wooden house
church in honor of St. George.
Permission was granted, but the spiritual authorities decided that the church
must be parochial.
The temple was built and consecrated in 1750.
As is the case with many other wooden churches in the capital,
The temple building was destroyed by fire.
In 1788-1807, in its place, through the efforts of parishioners and a merchant
S. P. Vasiliev architect N. N. Vasiliev built a new
stone temple.
The main church of the Great Martyr George was consecrated in 1800,
aisles - in 1793 and in 1806-1807.
The building of the temple with two aisles, a refectory and a bell tower was
erected in the style of classicism in the traditions of the cross-domed
systems.
Divine services were conducted here in the Georgian language.
In 1860-1870 the temple was expanded, the bell tower was built on.
In 1895-1897. next to the old temple architects
V. E. Sretensky and Popov built a new building in
Russian-Byzantine style, while the old church became a refectory.
The church was considered quite rich; Georgian
Orthodox relics, a library was organized where
ancient books in Georgian and Old Slavonic.
In 1864, at the church, M. Tsitsianov arranged a charity house for the poor
clergy and parish care.
The poet Vyacheslav Ivanov was baptized in this church in 1866.
In 1928 the temple was closed, the building was rebuilt: dismantled
the bell tower, crosses were removed, interfloor ceilings were built.
The library is gone.
Since that time, the church housed an evening electromechanical
college them. L. B. Krasina, today - Moscow State
Technical School of Technology, Economics and Law. L. B. Krasina.
In 1991, thanks to the Moscow Georgian community, the old
the temple was returned to believers and received the status of a patriarchal residence,
the new one still houses the technical school.

House Museum of Zurab Tsereteli
15 Bolshaya Gruzskaya st., Krasnopresnenskaya metro station

Mansion of the merchant Vasily Gorbunov
Bolshaya Gruzinskaya st., 17, metro station "Barrikadnaya"
Next to the temple on the site of the royal palace in the XIX century was built
mansion of the merchant Vasily Gorbunov.
Since 1994, one of the workshops of Z. K. Tsereteli (Big
Gruzinskaya st., 17), an extension was made to it with huge
sculptures of clowns on the facade.

Monument to Shota Rustaveli
Square on Gruzinskaya Square, Barrikadnaya metro station
Monument to the great Georgian poet of the XII century Shota Rustavelli
established in 1966 in the public garden on Gruzinskaya Square
in honor of the 800th anniversary of the birth of the poet.
Sculptor Merab Berdzenishvili, architect I. I. Loveiko.
The square itself was arranged in 1898 on the square formerly called
Georgievskaya in the church of St. George.

State Biological Museum. K. A. Timiryazeva
Malaya Gruzinskaya st., 15, metro station "Barrikadnaya", "Belorusskaya"
Created in 1920 on the basis of the Moscow Museum of Wildlife
City People's University. A. L. Shanyavsky.
Opened May 7, 1923. Founder and first director of the museum -
Academician Boris Mikhailovich Zavadovsky.
Since 1934, the museum has been located in a manor built at the end of
XIX century by the famous Moscow merchant-collector P. I. Shchukin
to accommodate the Museum of Russian antiquity.
Architects: A. E. Erichson, B. V. Freidenberg, F. N. Kolbe.

Roman Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception
of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Malaya Gruzinskaya st., 27/13, metro station "Belorusskaya Koltsevaya"
1903 Architects F. F. Bogdanovich, L. F. Dausha.

Monument "In memory of the 200th anniversary of the voluntary accession
Georgia to Russia"
Tishinskaya Square, Belorusskaya Koltsevaya metro station
Sculptor Z. K. Tsereteli, architects A. A. Voznesnesky,
Yu. N. Konovalov.
In 1983, in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Treaty of Georgievsk,
a "paired" monument to the Friendship of the peoples of Russia and Georgia was erected.
One is in Moscow on Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street, the other is in Tbilisi,
at the exit to the Georgian Military Highway, which leads to Russia.
The author of both monuments was Zurab Tsereteli.
Moscow monument "In memory of the 200th anniversary of the voluntary accession
Georgia to Russia" is a column made up of letters
Georgian and Russian alphabets, crowned with a gilded bronze
a wreath of ears and vines.
The letters are intertwined and form the words "Peace", "Labor",
"Unity", "Brotherhood", "Friendship".
Sculptor Z. K. Tsereteli, architects A. A. Voznesensky,
Yu. N. Konovalov.

Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
Krasnaya Presnya street
"Krasnopresnenskaya" - station of the Moscow Ring Line
metro.
Opened on March 14, 1954.
Architects: V. S. Egerev, M. P. Konstantinov, F. A. Novikov and
I. A. Pokrovsky.
Station art theme is revolutionary movement
1905 and 1917 in Russia.
On the vault of the central hall - 14 bas-reliefs by N. A. Shcherbakov,
Yu. P. Pommer, V. A. Fedorov, Yu. G. Ushkov and G. N. Kolesnikov,
six of which are dedicated to the revolutionary events of 1917,
eight - revolutions of 1905.
The ground vestibule in the form of a rotunda was built by architects:
K. S. Alabyan and T. A. Ilyina in collaboration with V. I. Aleshina and
T. D. Zebrikova.
From the lobby there is access to the streets: Krasnaya Presnya and Konyushkovskaya.
The name of the station "Krasnopresnenskaya" is given along Krasnaya Presnya street.
On the outer wall of the lobby there is an inscription: “Krasnaya Presnya was the main
the fortress of the uprising, its center. The best are concentrated here
fighting squads led by the Bolsheviks.
Near the entrance to the lobby - the sculpture "Druzhinnik 1905" by
sculptor A. E. Zelensky.

Sculpture of the Druzhinnik of 1905 near the Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
Krasnaya Presnya street, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
The monument is installed in front of the pavilion of the metro station
"Krasnopresnenskaya", on the wall of which there is an inscription: "Krasnaya Presnya
was the main fortress of the uprising, its center.
The best fighting squads were concentrated here, led by
Bolsheviks."
The statue of the Warrior of 1905 was opened in 1955 for the 50th anniversary
revolutionary battles of 1905.
Sculptor A. E. Zelensky, architect K. S. Alabyan.

Barrikadnaya metro station
barricade street
"Barrikadnaya" - metro station of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line
Moscow metro.

It got its name from the street of the same name - Barrikadnaya.
Architects: A. F. Strelkov and V. G. Polikarpova.
Design engineer E. S. Barsky.
It has a transition to the Krasnopresnenskaya station of the Circle Line
metro and exit to Barrikadnaya street.

Residential high-rise building on Kudrinskaya Square
Kudrinskaya Square, 1, Barrikadnaya metro station
One of the seven Stalin skyscrapers 1950-1954. the buildings.
The height of the central 22-storey building is 156 meters.
In two side buildings - 18 floors.
Architects: M. V. Posokhin, A. A. Mndoyants.
Engineer M. N. Vokhomsky.
The house is fully habitable.
It was called the "House of Aviators", since most of the residents
when settling, they were cosmonauts, pilots, and aircraft designers.
The facade of the house is decorated with sculptures symbolizing work, creativity and
defense.
Previously, on the ground floor on the west side of the house was
cinema "Plamya" for 600 seats and grocery store "Gastronom",
which in the 1990s replaced a restaurant with the same name.

widow's house
Barrikadnaya st., 2, metro station "Barrikadnaya"
A beautiful building with a portico and columns near the Stalin
the skyscrapers on Kudrinskaya Square originally belonged to the Apraksins.
Built in the middle of the 18th century.
At the beginning of the 19th century, it belonged to General-in-Chief and Ober-Kriegskommissar
Alexander Ivanovich Glebov.
In 1805, an educational institution was set up here for
girls - "Alexander Institute".
But in 1811, by order of Empress Maria Feodorovna,
wife of Emperor Paul I, the Alexander Institute was transferred
in a new building built next to the Mariinsky Hospital,
on Bozhedomka, and this mansion was occupied by the Widow's House - a shelter for "the poor and
help worthy widows who remained after the death of their husbands in the military
and civil service of the Russian Empire.
In 1812, there was a hospital within its walls.
During the fire of 1812, according to various sources,
from 300 to 700 Russian soldiers wounded on the Borodino field.
After the building was overhauled by the architect Domenico
Gilardi.
In the middle of the 19th century, about 600 widows were placed in this institution,
some of them had small children.
Now the Russian Medical Academy is located here.
postgraduate education (RMAPO), and in the basements housed
beer restaurant.

Cinema center on Krasnaya Presnya
Druzhinnikovskaya st., 15, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
Modern cinema center, which has three halls:
Hall No. 1 with 550 seats, Hall No. 2 with 96 seats and Hall No. 3 with 86 seats.
All rooms use the latest sound system
Dolby Digital Surround EX.
In the first hall there is a giant screen 23x10 meters, which provides
the effect of complete immersion in the action of the film.
In the dashing 1990s. for the right to own a huge complex
blood was shed - first the CEO was killed,
and after a while in the center of Moscow he was shot from a machine gun
his partner.

Cinema "Barricades"
Barrikadnaya st., 21/34, building 3, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station,
"Barricade"
The oldest surviving cinema in Moscow.
Opened in 1907 as a cinematograph "Grand Plaisir".
It was opened in May 2003 after a major renovation.
The design features of the cinema hall are such that from any point
provides a complete picture of the film.

Temple of the Holy Nine Martyrs of Kiziches
Bolshoy Devyatinsky per., 15, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
Church of the Nine Martyrs of Kizicheski on the Patriarchal Sloboda, "what
Kocheryzhkah", known since 1698.
The existing stone church with a warm chapel of the Archangel Michael
built in 1732-1735 at the expense of the merchant Andrey Semenov.
The bell tower and the refectory with a chapel of the Great Martyr Varvara were
built more than a hundred years later - in 1838-1844.
In 1929, the temple was closed, having adapted it for administrative
building.
The interior space of the room was divided into floors.
The temple was returned to the Church in 1992.

White House
Krasnopresnenskaya emb., 2, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
A large pompous building for the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
(RSFSR) was built by architects D.N. Chechulin and
P. P. Steller with a team of authors in 1965-1979.
The building is a 7-storey base and a 20-storey
a tower crowned with a clock.
It is unlikely that the architects imagined what a fatal role their
offspring in recent history Russia.
The name "White House" was given on the memorable August days of the State Emergency Committee
1991, by analogy with the American stronghold of democracy -
The "White House" in Washington, since the US Embassy was nearby.
After 1991 and the collapse of the USSR, the Supreme
council of the RSFSR.
His confrontation with B. N. Yeltsin ended in a bloody massacre
defenders of the constitution, settled in the White House.
The whole world went around footage of the shooting of the White House by direct fire from
tank from the Novoarbatsky bridge on October 4, 1993.
Another tank fired from the Pavlik Children's Park
Morozov from the back of the White House.
A fire broke out in the building and during its “cleansing” from supporters
The constitution had numerous casualties.
Lists of the dead and their photographs can be seen on the man-made
memorial near the Krasnaya Pesnya stadium, where
executions.
The clock on the White House tower that stopped during the fire
October 4, 1993, were replaced by the coat of arms of the Russian Federation -
double-headed eagle.
After costly repairs and the erection of a cast-iron
fences, it now houses the government of the Russian Federation.

Humpback Bridge (bridge named after 1905)

The bridge was built in the middle of the 18th century across the channel of the old channel
of the Presnya River at the dam of the Lower Presnensky Pond.
It is an architectural monument.
Received all-Russian fame as a favorite place
holding various protests - more than once exactly on its paving stones
the miners banged their helmets, seeking concessions from the government.
The humpback bridge became famous at the beginning of the last century.
Its renaming to "Bridge named after 1905" after 1917
due to the fact that it was on it that barricades were erected,
blocking the path of the Semyonov Cossacks from the city center to the stronghold
combat squads - Nikolai Schmit's furniture factory, which was located
just 100 meters from the bridge, the sugar factory and Prokhorovskaya
manufactory.
In 1806, the Humpback Bridge was faced with white stone, equipped
curly lanterns in connection with the opening at Presnensky Ponds
the first Moscow public garden.
Over time, the ponds were filled up - only the Upper Ponds survived
on the territory of the zoo.
Gradually, the Humpback Bridge itself almost completely went underground.
The restorers restored it, re-lining it with white stone,
covering the roadway with paving stones.
Street lamps from the beginning of the 20th century were installed.
An artificial reservoir was organized under the bridge, lined with
granite slabs, but due to the lack of water in it - you can
walk along its bottom under the stone arch of the bridge.

Sculptural composition "To the heroes of combatants, participants
barricade battles on Krasnaya Presnya"
Corner of Konyushkovskaya and Rochdelsky streets, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
Near the Humpback Bridge on a granite pedestal on December 22, 1981
a bronze sculptural composition “To the heroes of combatants,
participants in the barricade battles on Krasnaya Presnya.
Sculptor D. B. Ryabichev, architect V. A. Nesterov.
The monument depicts: a young worker with a rifle, an elderly
mortally wounded combatant and worker with a banner in her hands.

Presnensky Children's Park (former Pavlik Morozov Park)
Druzhinnikovskaya st., 9 (crossing of Rochdelskaya and
Druzhinnikovskaya), Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
In 1905, Nikolai's furniture factory was located on the site of the park.
Shmit, in which they were armed, militants-"rescues" trained.
During the battles of 1905, there was an underground infirmary and a morgue here.
After the factory burned down, a long time in its place
there was a wasteland, later turned into a children's park.
In 1920, a granite obelisk was placed in the park, on the front
on the side of which the inscription was carved: “December uprising
on Presnya. December 1905".
Above - hammer and sickle.
In 1939 the park was named after Pavlik Morozov (1918-1932).
In 1948, the grand opening of the monument took place in the park.
Pavlik Morozov by sculptor I. A. Rabinovich.
The monument to the hero-pioneer disappeared in an unknown direction after
renaming the park into simply - Presnensky Children's Park in 1991.
In 1994, a wooden "Chapel of the Exaltation" appeared in its place.
honest and life-giving Cross of the Lord in memory of the dead
Defenders of the Fatherland in October 1993" and a wooden cross
"Honest and life-giving Cross Lord in memory of the dead
Defenders of the Fatherland in October 1993.
The choice of location is not accidental - from the territory of this tiny park
On October 4, 1993, a tank fired at the White House with direct fire.

House of Narkomfin
Novinsky Boulevard, 25, building 1, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
1928-1930 the buildings. Architects M. Ya. Ginzburg, I. F. Milinis,
engineer S. L. Prokhorov.
Experimental house on Novinsky Boulevard of Moscow
architect Moses Ginzburg - the embodiment of the idea of ​​a communal house with
incredible for us the degree of socialization of life.
In 48 standard two-room apartments (named by the architect
cells) kitchens were not supposed at all.
Instead, Ginzburg designed modest "kitchen elements" -
niches with dishes.
The starving tenants had to make the transition at the level
2nd floor in the so-called "communal building", which united
kitchen with dining room, gym, Kindergarten and even mechanical
laundry with repair shops.
There were no bathrooms - they were replaced by showers.
The toilets were modest cubicles...
For those who did not fit into the dining room schedule, in a residential
The building was equipped with two backup kitchens for heating food.
However, in the commune house there was a place for 8 full-fledged
duplex apartments, each with a kitchen and two bedrooms.
And even - for the elite.
On the roof of the house there were 2 penthouses, in which
two people's commissars - finance (Milyutin) and health (Semashko).
This gradation was explained simply - in most of the 56 apartments
it was supposed to accommodate employees of the People's Commissariat
finance of the RSFSR, which was then led by Nikolai Milyutin.
However, the idea of ​​eating before and after work in the cafeteria did not catch on.
Moses Ginzburg, with undisguised bitterness, was forced to state that
that the vast majority of the inhabitants sort out dinners for themselves
apartments and the dining room is actually not functioning ...
The second stage of the communal building could not be completed ...
In the post-war period, the residents of the house were "compacted" - "cells"
turned into communal apartments with all the ensuing circumstances.
The house was rapidly deteriorating.
In the late 1980s, the free space between the columns
built up, completely distorting the textbook appearance of the Narkomfin building.
For many years the house of Moses Ginzburg has been resettled, boarded up and breathing
incense
At the ends of the building, elevators that have not been working for a long time gather dust.
From the world-famous monument Moscow House of Narkomfin
is rapidly turning into a national disgrace - what is from him
left, you can look at Novinsky Boulevard, 25,
in the back of the courtyard right behind the Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin House-Museum.

House-Museum of F. I. Chaliapin
Novinsky boulevard, 25, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
It was opened on September 23, 1988 in a mansion built at the end of the XVIII -
early 19th century
Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin acquired this property belonging to the family
Bazhenov, because of the magnificent garden in which apples, pears,
raspberries and currants.
F. I. Chaliapin settled in the middle of three small mansions with
with his family in 1910 and lived until his departure abroad
in 1922.
Famous actors, writers, artists visited the house: K. Korovin,
M. Gorky, N. Teleshov, L. Andreev, I. Bunin, artists brothers
V. and A. Vasnetsov, A. Golovin, composer S. Rachmaninov.
Here Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin rehearsed with his constant
accompanist F. F. Keneman.
During the First World War, Chaliapin organized in one of the wings
hospital for wounded soldiers, equipped it at his own expense and
sometimes he spoke to convalescent soldiers.
The Soviet government did not forgive the singer for his failure to return from
protracted foreign tours.
Only in the 1970s the house was given over for restoration, followed by
the creation of a memorial museum of the great singer.

House of I. E. Velikopolsky
Druzhinnikovskaya st., 11, Barrikadnaya metro station
Large property on the Nizhny Presnensky Pond (now covered) with
large garden, greenhouses, outbuildings in almost
remained unchanged until the 1960s.
It belonged to the now forgotten writer I. E. Velikopolsky,
who wrote under the pseudonym Ivlev, a great admirer of the talent
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.
Wielkopolsky loved to arrange grand receptions and holidays.
On them in 1839-1842. Gogol visited, as well as Panaev, Belinsky,
Aksakov.

House of D. M. Perevoshchikov
Novovagankovsky per., ow. 5, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
A small residential building with a first stone floor, above the windows
which are placed typical for the buildings of that time "castles",
the second floor is wooden.
Here, in a state-owned apartment at the observatory of Moscow University,
which was occupied by the mathematician and astronomer Dmitry Matveyevich Perevoshchikov,
in 1848-1849 Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol visited.
The playwright I. Chaev recalled: “Perevoshchikov loved Gogol and
never missed a single performance of The Inspector General, Marriage, etc.
He was friendly with M. S. Shchepkin, Gogol also visited him, and once
I was invited to dinner when the famous
writer...".
Dmitry Matveyevich Perevoshchikov, since his student years, was close and
with Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov.
His student at the university boarding school was young Mikhail Yurievich
Lermontov, who was fond of mathematics, at the university -
Alexander Ivanovich Herzen.

Church of St. Nicholas of Myra on the Three Mountains
Novovagankovsky pereulok, 9, bldg. 1, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
First mentioned in chronicles in 1628 as a wooden church
Nicholas in Psarekh.
The parish community moved several times within the city, and
each time she carried her temple with her.
Maybe that's why for some time the church was called
"Church of St. Nicholas on a chicken leg."
In 1695, he registered already on a permanent basis for Trekhgornaya
outpost.
From 1762 to 1775, a stone building was erected in place of the wooden one.
church with three altars.
In 1860, a bell tower and a refectory were built.
In 1900-1902, according to the project of the architect G. A. Kaiser at the expense of
G.F. and N.F. Serebryakov's church was rebuilt.
In the early 1920s, the temple was plundered, and in 1929 it was rebuilt,
depriving the dome and bell tower.
From the late 1920s to 1990, the building of the temple housed the House
pioneers.
The temple was returned to believers in 1992.

Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist on Presnya
Maly Predtechensky lane, 2, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
The wooden church was founded in 1685.
In 1714, the construction of a stone church began but was not completed.
On March 21, 1730, it was allowed to build with an unfinished church
chapel of John the Warrior, in December 1731 this chapel was consecrated.
In 1734 the main church was consecrated.
The current round bell tower was built in 1806-1810s.
In the years 1828-1830, the refectory was remade, and a new chapel was built.
Sophia the Wisdom of God.
In 1894, the western extension to the refectory was laid.
In 1898 there was a renewal of the church.
In 1930 the church was not closed, but the bell tower was removed
bells.

Historical and Memorial Museum "Presnya"
Bolshoi Predtechensky per., 4, Krasnopresnenskaya metro station
The museum was opened in November 1924 in the house where in 1917
Presnensky district committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Military Revolutionary
Committee of the Presnensky Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
This building was built at the end of the 19th century.
In 1968-1975. with funds raised by businesses and various
Presnya organizations built a modern museum building.

Ulitsa 1905 Goda metro station
Krasnopresnenskaya Zastava Square
Metro station Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line of Moskovsky
metro.
Opened December 30, 1972.
Architect: R. I. Pogrebnoy.
Design engineer: G. M. Suvorov.
Named after the street of the same name - the street of 1905 (until 1931 -
Voskresenskaya street).
The track walls, lined with gray marble, are decorated with a frieze and
metal inserts with images of the numbers "1905" and torches
artist's gold-anodized aluminum
Yu. K. Koroleva.
There are exits to the streets: street 1905, Presnensky Val and
Krasnaya Presnya street.

Sculptural composition "Revolutions of 1905-1907"
dedicated"
Krasnopresnenskaya Zastava Square, Ulitsa 1905 Goda metro station
Installed in honor of the 75th anniversary of the December armed
Uprisings of 1905 in front of the pavilion of the Ulitsa 1905 Goda metro station
February 17, 1981, on the eve of the start of the XXVI Congress of the CPSU.
Sculptors: O. A. Ikonnikov, V. A. Fedorov,
architects: M. E. Konstantinov, V. N. Fursov, A. M. Polovinkin.
In the center of the composition are vigilantes with weapons in their hands under a fluttering
banner.
To the right of them are a worker and a girl in a fight with a horseman.
gendarme.
On the left - a fallen combatant and a woman who, in anger, raised her clenched
hand fist.

Department store on Krasnaya Presnya
Krasnopresneskaya Zastava square, 2/48 (Krasnaya Presnya st.,
4/28), metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda"
1927-1929 the buildings. Architects - Vesnin brothers V. A. and A. A.

Square of 1905
Metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda"
A small square with an area of ​​6.61 hectares, is clamped on all sides by a dense
automobile traffic.
Trekhgorny Val Street stretches from the east, from the west -
street 1905, in the north is Krasnopresnenskaya Square
Outpost with the metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda", in the south - the beginning
Shmitovsky passage.
Despite the small area, there are three monuments in the square,
connected in one way or another with the revolutionary events of the early 20th century.
In the northern part of the square overlooking Krasnopresnenskaya Square
Zastava, there is an underground public toilet and a sculptural
composition "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat", installed for the 50th anniversary
October revolution.
In the center of the square is the oldest monument - the Obelisk "To the Heroes
December armed uprising of 1905, built with money
workers.
In the southern part of the square - a bronze monument to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,
sitting in a chair.
His pensive gaze is directed somewhere in the direction of the Moscow River.

Monument "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat"
Square of 1950, metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda"
The sculptural composition "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat" is open
in a solemn atmosphere for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution.
It is a bronze copy of the famous work of the sculptor
Ivan Dmitrievich Shadr (1887-1941).
The original is in the Tretyakov Gallery.
From the wall, which is part of the composition, abducted by unknown
bronze letters, which formed the words of V. I. Lenin:
“The feat of the Presnensky workers was not in vain.
Their sacrifices were not in vain."

Obelisk "To the Heroes of the December Armed Uprising of 1905"

On a black granite obelisk, installed in the center of the square in 1905
in 1920, a laconic inscription was carved: “To the heroes of the December
armed uprising in 1905.
The money for its installation was collected by the workers of Presnya.

Monument to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in the park in 1905
Square of 1905, metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda"
In the southern part of the square - a monument to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,
sitting in a chair.
His pensive gaze is directed somewhere in the direction of the Moscow River,
World Trade Center (Hammer Center).
The monument to the resting Vladimir Ilyich made of forged copper is installed on
low granite plinth in the center of a large flower bed in 1963.
Sculptor B. I. Dyuzhev, architect Yu. I. Goltsev.

Memorial sign with a bas-relief of Nikolai Shmit
Shmitovsky proezd, 2, metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda"
Commemorative sign in the form of a cube with a bas-relief of Nikolai Schmitt (1883-1907)
installed on December 9, 1971 at the intersection of Shmitovsky proezd and
streets in 1905.
Sculptors G. D. Raspopov, V. I. Yudin.
Architect G.P. Karibov.
The inscription on the monument:
"Schmit 1883-1907
Shmit Nikolai Pavlovich, revolutionary student.
Active participant in the preparation of the December armed uprising
1905 on Presnya.
On February 13, 1907, he was brutally murdered by the tsarist secret police in
Butyrskaya prison.

Shmitovsky passage
metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda", "Business Center"
Previously, the passage was called Smithovsky, which was located nearby.
boiler plant "R. Smith & Co., and 1st Krasnogvardeyskaya Street.
It received its modern name in 1930 in memory of Nikolai Pavlovich
Shmit (1883-1907) - an active participant in the preparation and conduct
December armed uprising of 1905 on Presnya.
The furniture factory, which the student inherited from his father, became
stronghold - here the participants were armed and trained
armed clashes with the police, there was an infirmary for
the wounded and a morgue for the dead.
Later, on the site of the factory of Nikolai Schmit, which was located behind
modern building of the Government of the Russian Federation (Bely
house), at the intersection of the current Rochdelskaya and Druzhinnikovskaya streets,
a wasteland was formed, in its place a park named after
Pavlik Morozov.

Manor Studenets
Mantulinskaya st., ow. 5, metro station Delovoy Tsentr, Ulitsa 1905 Goda
The estate on the banks of the Studenets stream was built in the 18th century on the site
the village of Vypryazhkovo, which belonged to the grandson of Ivan Kalita, Prince
Vladimir the Brave.
At the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries, a country palace was located here.
Siberian governor M. P. Gagarin, after whose execution
By order of Peter I, the estate entered the treasury.
Under Anna Ioannovna, the estate was returned to Prince A. M. Gagarin,
to the son of the executed voivode, under whom a manor was set up here
"Dutch style" garden with artificial channels, symmetrical
located islands and ponds, later called Gagarin
(now - Krasnopresensky).
Since 1804, the estate was owned by Count F. A. Tolstoy, after 1812
she was received as a dowry by the wife of the Moscow governor-general
Arseny Andreevich Zakrevsky - Agrafena Fedorovna, nee
Countess Fat.
Eminent guests visited the Zakrevskys' dacha - the disgraced general
A. P. Ermolov, poets A. S. Pushkin, E. A. Baratynsky,
P. A. Vyazemsky, poet and partisan Denis Davydov.
The estate is becoming a popular place for festivities of the Moscow aristocracy.
There were alleys for carriages and many paths,
garden gazebos have been installed.
The Studenets attraction was the ponds of the correct
rectangular in shape, interconnected by wooden bridges.
On each island, among the trees, stood a monument to famous
commanders with whom General Zakrevsky served during
Patriotic War: M. Kamensky, M. Barclay de Tolly,
A. P. Ermolov, P. Volkonsky and others.
In 1834, the estate was bought by the Chamberlain of the Supreme Court
N. N. Demidov, and "Studenets" becomes a well-known School in Moscow
gardening.
Trees and shrubs of valuable species are planted on the islands.
On the western side, the garden of the Studenetsky school adjoined Studenets
gardening.
In the middle of the 19th century, the ponds were popular in the merchant
Wednesday festivities on Spirits Day.
In the 1880s it was the summer residence of the Institute for Noble Maidens.

Park "Krasnaya Presnya"
Mantulinskaya st., 5, metro station "Business Center", "Street 1905 Goda"
In 1932, on the site of the Studenets estate and the Garden of the Studenets school
gardening, the Park of Culture and Leisure "Krasnaya Presnya" was created.
From the old manor park, picturesque ponds with
islands, some of which were covered in Soviet times,
new bridges were built in the Empire style.
Now the "restoration" of the estate on the spot is in full swing,
where for many years there was a dance floor.
There are no sculptures of generals in the park, but opposite the entrance
a monument to Lenin was erected in the park.
The public toilet next to the entrance miraculously transformed
in a restaurant.
Over time, the authorities promise to build a new one.
Based on a 1930s photograph found in archives in 1998
architects-restorers A. S. Koroleva and N. F. Zhurina,
the entrance gates of the park were recreated.
On the islands, from time to time, to the delight of the boys,
classes of Russian warriors in helmets and costumes of that time,
with shields, swords, sticks and spears.
The amusement town in Krasnopresnensky Park fell into disrepair,
however, there is a small area for roller skaters with all kinds of slides,
as well as karting and even a skating rink.

World Trade Center (WTC)
Krasnopresneskaya st., 12, metro station "Street of 1905 Goda"
WTC for today, until the business center is put into operation
Moscow City is the largest business center in Russia.
Here, in addition to its own hotel, the office part houses
about 400 representative offices of Russian and foreign companies, banks,
airlines, travel agencies.

Expocentre

Expocentre is one of the leading exhibition organizations in the countries
Eastern Europe and the largest organizer of international exhibitions and
congress events in Russia.
Every year at the Central Exhibition Complex "Expocentre"
about 100 exhibition events of various scale and significance.
30 thousand exhibitors take part in them.
The total area of ​​the Exhibition Complex is over 200 thousand square meters. m,
total exhibition area - 135 thousand sq. m. m:
closed - 85 thousand sq. m. m,
open - 50 thousand sq. m. m.
During the exhibition season (and it lasts almost all year round)
with short breaks) Expocentre receives more than 1 million visitors.
visitors.

temple in the name Reverend Seraphim Sarovsky
Kranopresnenskaya emb., Delovoy Tsentr metro station
On the territory of the Expocentre on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment
in 2008 a small church was built in the name of the Reverend
Seraphim of Sarov.

Metro station Delovoy Tsentr (Vystavochnaya)
Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, Transit passage
Delovoy Tsentr metro station, Filyovskaya line of Moskovsky
metro.
Opened on September 10, 2005 during the construction of a branch
Filevskaya line to the area of ​​the Moscow City business center under construction.
Architects: A. L. Vigdorov, L. L. Borzenkov, O. Yu. Farstova.
It has two exits - to Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, to
trade and pedestrian bridge "Bagration" and Perekhodny proezd.
On June 6, 2008, by a decree of the Mayor of Moscow, the station was
renamed to "Exhibition" after the nearby Expocentre.

The good weather and the upcoming weekend are conducive to taking walks along the streets of Moscow with your family. But, where is it better to go and what interesting things can you see in Moscow? With this article, the editors of the site open a series of weekly Friday publications “Walking around Moscow”.

Moscow Zoo

The first zoo in Russia, opened in 1864. The zoo was built according to the project of the architect Campioni, but most of the pavilions appeared later. Now there are about eight thousand individuals belonging to about one thousand one hundred species of the world fauna. Animals of the Moscow Zoo are kept in several dozen expositions representing a particular region, family, species, etc. For example, in the Australia section, you can admire emus and black swans, and then look into the Giraffe House. The zoo participates in many international programs for the conservation of endangered species, collaborating with environmental organizations around the world. It also hosts special excursions for children, seminars and lectures. Tickets for adults - 300 rubles on weekdays and 500 - on holidays and weekends, for children and adolescents under 17 years of age and for students - free of charge.

Moscow, st. Bolshaya Gruzinskaya, 1.

Residential building on Kudrinskaya Square

A residential building on Kudrinskaya Square, also known as the Aviators' House, is one of the seven Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow. The house was built in 1948-1954 according to the project of M.V. Posokhin, A.A. Mndoyants and M.N. Vokhomsky. The high-rise building consists of a central (24 floors, height with a tower and a spire - 156m) and side buildings (18 residential floors each), which make up a single array, based on a common basement floor. In total, there are more than 450 apartments in the building on Kudrinskaya Square.

Apartments in a high-rise building were received by workers in the aviation industry, test pilots and the nomenclature of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Well, lovers of Soviet cinema remember this house as one of the locations for the film “Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears”: it was here that the fate of two young friends was decided. By the way, in fact, the shooting took place in a different place - in a house on Kotelnicheskaya embankment.

Moscow, Kudrinskaya square, 1.

Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The largest Catholic cathedral in Russia. It was built at the beginning of the 20th century at the expense of the Polish community, by a Polish architect. The majestic temple is made in neo-gothic style. Similarities can be found in its façade and that of Westminster Abbey, and its dome is similar to that of cathedral in Milan. Nowadays, the Polish embassy is located near the church, so many parishioners of the church are pure Poles. Services are held regularly in Polish. Moreover, magnificent concerts of organ music are held here: the organ of the cathedral is one of the largest organs in Russia and allows stylistically flawless performances of organ music from different eras.

Moscow, Malaya Gruzinskaya street, 27/13.

"White House"

The building of the government of the Russian Federation in Moscow (“White House”) was built in 1965-1979. The area around the White House, occupied by a park and a parking lot of government cars, is separated by a massive wrought-iron fence. The total area of ​​the buildings of the House of the Government of the Russian Federation is 172.7 thousand square meters. m: offices and 27 halls for events and receptions. There is (according to some reports) an underground shelter with access to the subway. The large-scale composition of the building is symmetrical, made up of three clearly defined parts: on a powerful, heavy base with granite cladding, ramps and a monumental front staircase leading from the Moskva River embankment to the main entrance, a wide seven-story building-stylobate with side wings and a tower of 20 floors with rounded corners and an upper technical floor topped with a clock tower.

Moscow, Krasnopresnenskaya nab., 2.

humpback bridge

The bridge over the no longer existing channel of the old Presnya channel near the Government building. It was built in the middle of the 18th century on the dam of the Nizhny Presnensky Pond (hence the bridge was called Nizhny Presnensky). From 1968-1969 until 1979, the bridge was badly neglected and practically collapsed. But for the Olympics, it was restored, the territory was ennobled, and the bridge itself was turned into a monument.
In 1905, there were also barricades on the Humpback Bridge, and there were fierce battles for the approach to the Shmit factory and the Prokhorovskaya manufactory. The Humpback Bridge became widely known during armed confrontations near the White House in August 1991 and October 1993. And in the 1990s and early 2000s, it became a venue for rallies and pickets, including rallies of deceived depositors, miners and the political opposition.

Moscow, Krasnopresnenskaya embankment.

Morozova's mansion

A real palace on Spiridonovka, a stone's throw from the Patriarch's Ponds. It was built by the talented architect Fyodor Osipovich Shekhtel in the Neo-Gothic style that was fashionable at the end of the 19th century. From the outside, the house, built for wealthy businessman Savva Morozov, resembles a romantic castle with lancet arches of doors and windows and tower-like buildings. The same mansion is considered one of the prototypes of the mansion of Bulgakovskaya Margarita.

Today, Morozova's mansion is used as a reception house by the Russian Foreign Ministry.

Moscow, st. Spiridonovka, 17.

Moscow Planetarium

One of the largest planetariums in the world! The foundation stone of the future temple of astronomy was laid in September 1928, and in November 1929 it opened its doors to visitors. The Big Moscow Planetarium today is the Big and Small Star Halls, the Sky Park and the observatory. You can see layouts here solar system and stained-glass windows with views of distant space, travel through time and space, take part in interactive programs and look into the depths of space. The cost of tickets depends on the chosen program and varies from 200 to 1500 rubles.

Moscow, st. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 5, building 1.

Chekhov House Museum

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov lived in this house for almost four years, which was a period of rapid creative upsurge for the writer. It was here that he wrote about a hundred brilliant works, stories and plays. According to the descriptions and drawings of relatives in the house, the atmosphere in which the writer lived and worked was almost completely restored: his bedroom and study, the rooms of his sister and brother, and the living room. The main hall of the Chekhov House Museum in Moscow is positioned not only as an exposition, but also as a concert hall. The Chekhov Theater is located here. The Chekhov House Museum hosts musical and literary evenings, lecture tours for visitors of all ages, and scientific conferences. For elementary school students, interactive classes, matinees and holidays with competitions and performances are organized.

Moscow, st. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 6.

What can you tell about Krasnaya Presnya? Except what you can see in it. See in photographs, in houses, lanes, read in manuscripts, hear in conversations. But, as they say, “It is better to see once…”, so I invite you to a “Walk in Krasnaya Presnya”.

She is big. As big as a piece of the center of a huge city can be. A city that is growing bigger and bigger every day. At the same time, she is very small, as small as man's homeland, his home. It is also a very ancient part of the city. Ancient because, according to some sources, the first significant settlement was here already in XVII century. There are also several versions about the origin of the name "Presnya". Some of the most common are the following: the name of the district was given by the small river Presnya (about 2.5 km long), originating in Moscow's Butyrki. According to legend, this river had clean, clear, fresh water. The banks of the Presnya began to be settled earlier than most other places, and, as historians believe, in XVII century there was already a relatively significant settlement. In the old days, the Presnya River had swampy and shady banks, and the views of this area and the prospect of Moscow fascinated many. In its course Presnya had four ponds dug in 1683 by Patriarch Joachim.
There is also an opinion that the word Presnya is a modification of the word "arrival". In Moscow, during the reign of the princes, guests came from Novgorod, Smolensk, Germans and Sveyans, that is, Swedish people. They were not given a place to stay until it was agreed how and where they would stay to visit. Without “the condemnation of the hierarch and the Grand Duke (without the permission of the clergy and the princely), strangers and non-residents did not enter Moscow. For visiting guests there was a congress Priezdnaya Sloboda (Priezdnya). “Priyezdnya was transformed into “Priestnya”, and then into “Prestnya”. Here they asked the visiting guest why, for what purpose he arrived in the far side. Then, with great difficulty, the guest got to a meeting with the Grand Duke of Moscow and received either permission or a refusal to stay in Moscow.
There is an assumption that one can also consider a version for reflection “... Now and forever and forever and ever” ... Who knows? ..
main, main, streets of this area: Kudrinskaya (since 1919 Barrikadnaya) and its continuation Bolshaya Presnenskaya (renamed Krasnaya Presnya Street in 1918) - parts of the ancient, still in XII century Volotskaya" road through Volokolamsk to Novgorod; south of them are the Middle and almost at the foot of a high hill above the banks of the Moscow River Nizhnyaya Presnenskaya street (now Konyushkovskaya). Between them is Bolshoi Predtechensky Lane. All of them are connected by a network of whimsically winding lanes.
Krasnaya Presnya Street was renamed in memory of the revolutionary events of 1905 in Moscow, after which the prefix "red" was firmly attached to it. AT XII - XV centuries on the site of the street was the "Volotskaya" road to Moscow from Novgorod through Volokolamsk. Subsequently, with the inclusion of this area in the territory of the city, a street was formed here. At the very beginning, where the old territory of the zoo is now located, it was crossed by the Presnya River - a tributary of the Moscow River, which gave it its name. On the plan of 1739, it is also called "Street beyond Presnya". At one time this street was called Bolshaya Presnenskaya, and originated from the Presnenskaya Zastava. Since it became the main thoroughfare of Presnya, they began to call it Bolshaya Presnenskaya Street, or Bolshaya Presnya. In 1908, the Presnya River was enclosed in an underground pipe - a collector (now part of it is visible on Druzhinnikovskaya Street). Only that part of the river remained on the surface, which forms the so-called Upper Pond, located on the territory of the zoo, at the entrance. Information about early historical periods is rather insignificant. This territory lay not far from the intersection of two ancient roads of the area - Zvenigorodskaya and Volotskaya, which had an important trade value in the Middle Ages. The most significant of them, which influenced the very formation of Moscow, was the land Novgorod (Volotsk) XII century) the road that went from Novgorod to the cities near the Oka.
The original route of this road is now fixed by the line of later city streets - Ulitsa 1905 Goda, Krasnaya Presnya and Barrikadnaya Street. An equally important overland route connecting Moscow with other cities was the Zvenigorod road. Zvenigorod highways and streets (have retained this name to this day) received it in XI X century. Named after the direction of the ancient road from Moscow to Zvenigorod. Both of these roads intersected at Presnensky Ford, not far from the village of Kudrin (now Kudrinskaya Square). The plot of land between the Presnya and Khodynka (Chernogryazka) rivers was occupied by various settlements and courtyards that belonged to the royal court. Perhaps this was due to the fact that, as the city grew, the royal settlements, which originally lay in Zaleglimye (the western part of the White City), were gradually transferred to its western outskirts. Yes, throughout XVI - XVIII centuries Four times the grand-princely Vagankovskaya Sloboda was transferred to different places lying near the Vagankovskaya road (modern Krasnaya Presnya) from Mokhovaya Street of the White City. By 1695, the settlement was finally transferred to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmodern Trekhgorka.
The story of Vagankov deserves a separate chapter.

Old cemeteries, as well as monuments of architecture, painting, literature, are part of the historical and cultural heritage of our people; many honorable and ordinary people of the Fatherland rest on them. I want to try to describe my feelings and understand the desire to visit this place, which sometimes arises, for example, in me. Perhaps some will say that it looks like some kind of insanity, but I think I will also find like-minded people. If I can say the word “warm” about the cemetery in general, then for me it is the Vagankovskoye cemetery. You can understand the feelings of people in cemeteries in general - this is peace, tranquility, understanding and awareness that you are touching something eternal, but gone. It seems to me that it is in the cemetery that people understand how vain everything is, how fleeting it is, and they think: “What is there, and why are we here?” But believe me: the sensations experienced in different cemeteries are not at all similar to each other! It's like when you come, for example, to visit someone: in someone's apartment you feel cozy and comfortable, but in someone's - not very much, and even not very much at all. I'm sure everyone understands me. So: there are days when you want to drop everything and just go for a walk around Vagankovo. And the point is not that it is considered “memorial”, and not the presence of famous graves, but that it is somehow special. For me, anyway. It is difficult to explain why, and I do not want to. Because how can you explain when you feel good? .. Good, and that's it. That's when a person feels bad, he can say why, but on the contrary - it is doubtful. Unless, of course, you take the realities of life: an apartment, money, work, etc. But when you really feel good in your soul, this, in my opinion, is difficult to explain.
Unfortunately, now Russian necropolises are clearly not studied enough. At the beginning of the twentieth and the end XI X centuries many reference books were published, the authors of which were V. I. Saitov, B. L. Modzalevsky, V. V. Sheremetevsky, V. I. Chernopyatov, but at present they are significantly outdated. Many of the cemeteries described in them no longer exist, but the existing ones, firstly, have not been preserved, and secondly, since their descriptions were published, the remains of thousands of prominent people have already been accepted.
The Vagankovskoye cemetery was founded in 1771 during a plague epidemic in the area of ​​the present Krasnopresnenskaya outpost. On its territory, the Resurrection Church, built in 1822 according to the design of the famous architect A. G. Grigoriev, has been preserved. The cemetery is divided by alleys and paths into 60 sections of unequal size, many alleys have names, for example, the alleys of Yesenin, Bauman, Savrasov, Mochalov, Timiryazev, Surikov, the paths of Gulak-Artemovsky, Shekhtel, the paths of Verstovsky, Tropinin, etc. This one, and not only, the list of names gives an idea of ​​the value of Vagankov for the history of national culture.
If at the beginning of the 20th century the most “privileged” Moscow cemeteries were Donskoye, Novodevichy, Danilovskoye and Nemetskoye (Vvedenskoye), then in Vagankovo, remote at that time, mainly representatives of the democratic intelligentsia found their last refuge. Buried here is the color of university professors XI X century: prominent scientists, artists of the Maly Theater, outstanding artists, athletes, coaches, poets, actors, architects, sculptors. There are almost no magnificent tombstones, crypts and sarcophagi of the nobility and wealthy merchants in this cemetery. Vagankovo ​​is interesting to others.
There are mass graves of the heroes of the Battle of Borodino, vigilante workers who died during the December armed uprising of 1905 on Krasnaya Presnya, the graves of the victims of the Khodynka disaster of 1896. A memorial has been erected over the mass graves of soldiers who fell in the battles of the Great Patriotic War and died in Moscow hospitals.
And to this day, the folk trail to the graves of Yesenin, Vysotsky, Savrasov, Daley does not overgrow. In the second half of the twentieth century, unfortunately, such prominent people as Talkov, Voroshilov, Vitsin, Gluzsky, Dvorzhetsky, Levtova, Ivashov, Glebov, Migulya and many others were added to the lists of the departed - it is impossible to cover all the names and surnames ...
As Pushkin wrote,
“Two feelings are wonderfully close to us.
In them the heart finds food:
Love for native land
Love for father's coffins.

Approximately at the intersection of Krasnaya Presnya and Malaya Gruzinskaya streets was the oldest road, called at that time "Road to Khoroshevo". Local and active development of this territory begins already in 18th century . At that time, a part of the wall of Skorodoma was being erected there - the outer defensive city ring, which consisted of a wooden wall with towers. After the devastating fires of Moscow at the beginning XVIII century on the site of this burned-out wall in the 1633-1640s, an Earthen rampart was erected with a wooden prison at the top.
It is known that in XI V century, this area was owned by Prince Vladimir Andreevich of Serpukhov, cousin of Dmitry Donskoy, who received the nickname Brave after the Battle of Kulikovo. His "larger" yard with the church was "on the "Three Mountains", and the main village was Kudrino, which "pulled" many villages. According to a fragment of the plan of the “Imperial City of Moscow”, compiled under the guidance of the architect I.F. Michurin (begun by I.A. Mordvinov in 1731 and completed by I.F. Michurin in 1739), it can be seen that mountainous terrain was located on the present territory of the district . On the same fragment, the territory of the current Garden Ring is quite clearly outlined. In some artistic images (watercolors), the outline of these mountains is clearly visible, for example, in the watercolor by F.K. Sokolov “The area between Presnenskaya Zastava and Sadovo-Kudrinskaya Street”.
However, let us return to Vladimir Andreevich and his family. The widow of the prince, Elena Olgerdovna, “gave the village of Kudrino and all the villages and from the village ... according to her prince and her parents to the house of the Most Pure Mother of God Fotey, Metropolitan of All Russia.” Thus, this rich possession passed to the Novinsky Monastery, near which, to the south of the current Kudrinskaya Square, the monastery Novinsky Sloboda was formed.
From Kudrinskaya Square there is a short and narrow street of the same name Kudrinskaya (Barrikadnaya), from the old buildings of which almost nothing remains, except for the former Widow's House and the building of the Presnenskaya police and fire department.
Kudrinskaya Street comes to the crossroads of several important city highways, the name of which contains the word "Bolshaya" for a reason. Bolshaya Presnenskaya goes straight ahead, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya goes to the right, and Bolshaya Konyushkovskaya (former Upper Prudovaya) goes to the left.
The area of ​​Presnenskaya Street was one of the few districts of Moscow not affected by the fire of 1812. Many wooden buildings located homesteads here. However, the "Commission for Buildings in Moscow" recognized this area as "unnecessary", and, according to the then plan, proposed to arrange a vast city square. In 1825, all city outposts of the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft were abolished.
In the 1860s, the building density of the territory sharply increased, which was caused by an increase in the price of urban land and the development of an income function. In some areas, typical for the middle XI X century wooden two-story tenement houses. Folds up common in the second half XI X centuries, the compositional type of building is a profitable property with a residential function. Between the end XI X century to the beginning of the twentieth century, the trend of building compaction continues. Wooden outbuildings in the depths of the plots are gradually being replaced by stone ones. In their place, wide sidewalks appear, surrounded by bollards, profitable houses of a new generation are being built with a height of 3-5 floors. The first floors of these houses are occupied by a variety of shops that make up almost a single display row of Bolshaya Presnenskaya Street. The buildings of that period remained almost unchanged until the early 1930s. The traditional symmetry in the design of the city gates was partly preserved by the composition of the buildings. At the corner of the block under consideration, a two-story house with a sloping corner was erected (not preserved). A three-story tenement house on the opposite side of Bolshaya Presnenskaya Street had the same symmetrical beveled corner. In 1911, a tetrahedral turret was erected in its corner, which corresponded to the basic principles of the historical volume-spatial system of the area (the building was demolished when the street was widened in the second half of the 20th century).
In 1928 on the southwest corner In the considered part of Krasnaya Presnya Street, the architects Vesnin brothers built the building of the Mostorg department store (the former Krasnopresnensky department store). The main façade of the building was placed at an angle to the square in accordance with the principles of the traditional three-dimensional system, the site of the original composition of multi-beam roads. The sharpness of the stylistic sound of the building was one of the means of its compositional highlighting, corresponding to the city-planning active location. With all the contrast of the architectural appearance, the building had some features of plastic elaboration, corresponding to earlier buildings. Thus, the grid of segmentation of the stained-glass windows intersected with the expressive graphic pattern of the window carpentry of the neighboring house, and the play of the blind end planes corresponded to the silhouettes of the firewall planes. profitable houses. In general, the setting of the building solved an important urban planning problem - the scale of the key element of the building structure was enlarged and its artistic and figurative perception was sharpened. The powerful town-planning potential of the territory, determined by the terrain and almost three centuries of urban revolution, which took place as part of the successive development of the planning and volume-spatial compositions of the building, was significantly leveled as a result of the reconstruction of the area in the 1960-80s. Alas, the reconstruction continues today ...
Middle of the street, for example, Krasnaya Presnya street, 26: the area under consideration is in the western part of Moscow, not far from Presnenskaya Zastava (Presnenskaya Zastava Square) and is included in the city boundaries XVIII centuries, determined by the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft. Little information is available about early historical periods. This territory lay not far from the intersection of two ancient roads of the area - Zvenigorodskaya and Volotskaya, which had an important trade value in the Middle Ages. The most significant of them, which influenced the very formation of Moscow, was the land Novgorod (Volotsk) XII century) the road that went from Novgorod to the Oka cities.
The original route of this road is now fixed by the line of later city streets: 1905, Krasnaya Presnya and Barrikadnaya. An equally important overland route connecting Moscow with other cities was the Zvenigorod road. Both of these roads intersected at Presnensky Ford, near the village of Kudrin.
The next house, number 36. A biography of Krasnaya Presnya is unthinkable without a biography of the presence of Vladimir Mayakovsky and his family, sisters. The elder sister Lyudmila Vladimirovna worked at the Trekhgornaya Manufactory factory. “My brother,” she writes in her memoirs, “was always proud of the fact that I was working on the famous Trekhgorka, rich in revolutionary traditions. He has performed here many times. During one of the performances in 1917 (shortly after the February Revolution), the following incident occurred: at the next club evening for employees, Volodya read the poem “Nate”. It was a great success, but Prokhorov did not like it. The owner was dissatisfied: “Who,” he asked, “is this young man who read such a daring poem?!” At the end of 1927, the Mayakovskys received an apartment in the cooperative building No. 6 on Studenetsky Lane. Vladimir Vladimirovich contributed the share and quite often visited his relatives, sat up with them for a long time over evening tea or simply came to take a break from hard work.
Krasnaya Presnya is rightfully associated with the development of the great poet's talent. On Krasnaya Presnya, everything connected with his life is carefully stored. At the initiative of the public, in July 1957, a memorial plaque was installed on the facade of house No. 36 on Krasnaya Presnya Street, on which words were inscribed, reminding that
IN THIS HOUSE
IN 1913 - 1915
LIVED AND WORKED
VLADIMIR MAYAKOVSKY

I have been in this house many times - high ceilings, large apartments, and on the lower floors you can hear how the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya metro line passes underground.
The neighboring area, beyond the line of Kamer-Kollezhsky (Company shaft), Three Mountains, is located on one of the seven significant hills of Moscow. Before the installation of a water supply system, Muscovites came here, to the small river Studenets, during the flood for clean and tasty water. In the then nearby Moscow suburb, near the Gagarin Ponds, there was a beautiful dacha "Studenets". At the moment, the estate is planned for restoration.
From the end XVIII By the beginning of the 20th century, many foundations of modern Moscow industry were laid on Presnya: the Prokhorovka weaving factory, the Mamontov paint and varnish factory, the Smith boiler plant, the Danilovsky (now named after Zotov) sugar refinery, the Ossovetsky chemical paint factory, and the Schmidt furniture factory. I want to dwell on the first of them in more detail.
The factory of Prokhorov and Rezanov, later the Partnership of the Prokhorov Trekhgornaya Manufactory, was founded in July 1799 by Vasily Ivanovich Prokhorovs Fedor Ivanovich Rezanov. The founders of the factory, like most of the later Moscow merchants, came from a peasant background. In their memoirs, the sons of Vasily Ivanovich - Timofey and Konstantin - draw him a very literate, gentle, good-natured and highly religious man. A great support for Vasily Ivanovich was the family, especially the second wife, Ekaterina Nikiforovna. She, in addition to raising her children - two stepdaughters, four sons and four daughters - was engaged in organizing a girls' school and a boys' school.
With the growth of production, the grown-up Prokhorov brothers began to develop a distribution network and sold their goods not only in Moscow, Skopin and Zaraysk, but also in Ukraine, in Petrograd, Nizhny Novgorod and even at the Leipzig Fair. The novelty and originality of the drawings, as well as the special training of workers and artisans, contributed to the success of the Prokhorov factory. Timofey Vasilyevich Prokhorov, worrying about the education of workers and philistines, organized not only a school, but also established libraries, reading rooms and the first factory theater in Russia. The Prokhorov brothers were the first manufacturers in Russia who opened a hospital and almshouses for workers. In general, the enterprise of the Prokhorovskaya Tryokhgornaya manufactory for XI X century was the most prominent and the size of production and the quality of manufactured products. The expansion of the Manufactory went hand in hand with the growth of the entire Russian cotton industry. At the beginning of the 20th century, the manufactory was named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky. In the early nineties, this name was excluded from the signboard and the name.

ALLEYS OF THE TERRAIN KRASNAYA PRESNIA.

Novovagankovsky lane: end name XVIII century. It is given in the area of ​​New Vagankovo, where the royal amusing yard and the settlement of buffoons were transferred from the White City, which in ancient Russia called wagons. In 1939 it was renamed Pavlik Morozov Lane. In 1992, the lane returned to its historical name. "Vaganitsya", according to Dahl's dictionary, means "to pamper, play pranks, play, joke." Old Vagankovo ​​was located in the very center of the city near the Kremlin - there in XV – XVI palace buffoons lived for centuries. Later they were relocated outside the Nikitsky Gates, and their new place of residence became known as New Vagankovo. The original Vagankovo ​​was located on Mokhovaya. Then he was transferred to the church of Sophia in Vagankovo ​​near Kudrinskaya Square. Around 1637, the inhabitants were again resettled beyond Presnya, to the current Volkov Lane, where under this year the wooden church "Nikolas in Psarekh" is listed. The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in New Vagnkovo ​​on the Three Mountains - in 1678, the psars were transferred for the fourth time to the modern Vagankovsky cemetery, where the old temple was also transferred. In 1695, the Duma clerk Gavrila Derevnin built a new wooden church already on the fifth, modern place behind the Trekhgornaya outpost. In 1762, they received permission to build a stone church with three altars, which was completed only in 1785. In 1929 the temple was closed. For a long time, the children's House of Culture named after Pavlik Morozov was located in the building due to the fact that the domes and bell towers were demolished near the temple to the first tier. In 1990 the building was abandoned, in 1992 the temple was returned to believers.
Small Predtechensky Lane: Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist on Presnya. The wooden church was founded in 1685. According to the petition of the parishioners, on August 26, 1714, it was allowed to build a stone building, but the construction was delayed by a general decree on the prohibition of stone construction of October 9, 1714 on the territory of all of Russia, with the exception of St. Petersburg. It was consecrated in memory of the Nativity of John the Baptist, because there may have been pagan celebrations on the day of Ivan Kupala, when the Christian church celebrates the Nativity of John the Baptist. The construction of the church was completed only in 1743, on October 15, when the main altar (antiminus) was consecrated. In 1810-1828 the temple underwent a radical restructuring. In 1830, the second chapel of Sophia the Wisdom of God was built. In this form, without any significant changes, the temple has survived to this day.
Bolshoi Predtechensky Lane: name XVII - XVIII century. Given by the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist. In 1922 was renamed Bolshevik Street. In 1994, the lane was returned to its historical name. One of the remarkable houses of this lane is house number 7. The presence of a memorial plaque explains a lot.
I would like to dwell in detail on the "Georgian" area of ​​Krasnaya Presnya, the history of which on the territory of the region deserves a separate chapter.
In 1729, the Georgian king Vakhtang Levanovich I V , who moved with his sons Bakar and George and with his retinue, to Moscow, the land of the former village of Voskresensky was allocated. In 1700, in the palace village of Voskresensky, there was a garden behind Presnya, which occupied about 6 hectares. A document of that time says: “And in that garden of a garden structure: 2,400 apple trees, in places, on ridges, 560 grafts, 34 ridges of tussocks, 2,500 cherry bushes, 112 ridges of red currant ... Gardeners plant cabbage, cucumbers and other summer vegetables in that garden about myself and for sale.
In 1711, the village of Voskresenskoye, with the exception of the garden, was granted to the Bishop of Ryazan, and then passed to Tsar Vakhtang.
It is possible that around the same time, that is, in the 30-40s. XVIII century, a road appeared that connected the Georgian settlement with Tverskaya Street and with Presnenskaya (Volotskaya) Road, which went to Volokolamsk - the current Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street. Gradually, on the site of the village, a vast foreign settlement “Georgians” was formed, the memory of which has been preserved to this day in the names of the streets: Bolshaya and Malaya Gruzinskaya, Gruzinsky Lane.
East of settlements to Zemlyanoy Val (now Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street) were wastelands and arable lands of the coachmen of the Tverskaya-Yamskaya settlement. Between them and the Georgian settlements there was a country road, not earlier than the middle XVIII century, which turned into Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street.
Moving on towards the zoo. Volkov Lane is also very remarkable: it is named so at the end XVIII century. It has the so-called old Moscow name after the names of the Volkov brothers, the house owners. One side of this alley borders the zoo and is very sparsely built up. And on the opposite side there are objects that deserve attention. The fate of the house at number 9 is very interesting, but now, however, it is in desolation. In the center it has three large rectangular windows, the entrance to the house is on the right side, where there is still a beautiful high door. It was built in 1846 by Platon Zubov. A triangular pediment stands out in the central part, in the center of which is placed a coat of arms: a heraldic lion standing on hind legs and a knight's helmet. The house is decorated with pilasters with a capital of a prehistoric order on white stone bases.
The estate is located in the central part of the quarter and has an L-shape. The household was located outside the Earthen City not far from Presnensky Pond. For a long time, up to XVIII centuries, pasture meadows were located on the site of the estate in question. This is reflected in the plan of Moscow from 1767. Only those properties that directly faced Bolshaya Presnenskaya Street were inhabited. This part of the land, like estates, probably arises in the early years X I X century. The first owners of this estate could not be identified, as no early home ownership plans were found. For the first time this possession is presented only in Cheliev's plan. At present, only one volume has been preserved from the historical buildings - the main residential building of the estate, as well as a stone fence separating the house from Volkov Lane. The early development of the estate was as follows: in the depths of the courtyard there was a one-two-story residential building, adjacent to it was a small wooden outbuilding. In the 1840s, the estate belonged to the nephew and namesake of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Nikolaevich Zubov. In 1846, the landlord received permission to demolish the old wooden one-story house and to erect a new one-story wooden building on a stone foundation, that is, with a mezzanine. In the western part of the property, in 1848, a stone smithy with vaults and a one-story non-residential house were erected. It should be noted that with the arrangement of the garden here, the entrance to the property through the southern gate was eliminated. In the following decades, new buildings in the possession of not were erected. This situation persisted until the 1920s. XX century. In the post-revolutionary period, the school of the FZU of the Krasnaya Presnya machine plant was located on the estate. In the 70s of the twentieth century, the workshop of the artist N. E. Gilyarov was located here. The property is currently vacant.
In conclusion: you can read something and use any sources - all this is also useful and interesting, but more you just need to go through and live the historical roots of Moscow. We need to try to breathe the air of ancient Moscow, especially since there are fewer and fewer sources of “air” every year ... In the light of the reconstructions that are being carried out by our government, there is less and less hope that someone will ever be able to see old Moscow... See what else you can see... And have time to see. Are there many places left in Moscow where you can to get acquainted, for example, with such views, in the city center? ..
Thank you very much to everyone who took the time to read.

Victoria Soboleva, 2007.