Mayakovsky's work is briefly: the main themes and works. Composition “Creativity of Mayakovsky Creativity of Mayakovsky summary

The pre-revolutionary work of the poet is lyrical and satirical poems, the poems "A Cloud in Pants", "Flute-Spine", "War and Peace", "Man", the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky". The main themes of this period are the world of the big city ("Night", "Morning", "Hell of the city"); war and peace ("War is declared", "Mother and the evening killed by the Germans", "Me and Napoleon"); the poet and the crowd ("Violin and a little nervously", " Good relationship to the horses”, “Listen!”); love ("Lilichka"), Some modern literary critics call the early Mayakovsky "a poet of resentment and complaint" (K). Karabchievsky), others see him as a suffering poet (A. Mikhailov), most note the anguish of unclaimed love (the poem "Flute-Spine"). The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky is a rebel who is constantly in conflict with the outside world.

In the poem "Violin and a little nervously" (<1914>) reveals the theme of the poet and the crowd, important for Mayakovsky's entire work. There is a quarrel in the orchestra: “The orchestra looked strangely as / the violin was crying out ...” “The whole orchestra looked strangely” at the violin and only the poet, who felt spiritual closeness, similarity, “staggering climbed through the notes, / the music stands bending under horror, / for some reason he shouted: / “God!”, / threw himself on a wooden neck: / “You know what, a violin? / We are terribly similar: / I, too, / yell - / but I can’t prove anything! / Let's - / let's live together! / BUT?" This poem is a dialogue with the "crowd", in which Mayakovsky constantly talks about the existence of two different value systems: material and spiritual. Adherents of the material side of life, "mediocrity", provoke angry reproaches of the poet. The assertion of the exclusivity of one's "I", suffering in the world of vulgarity, is a challenge thrown to the world of rude and narrow-minded people.

In the early poems of Mayakovsky there is a lot of declarative, exaggerated display of his significance. And at the same time, in his poetry there is an acute feeling of loneliness, of being useless in the modern world:

I'll pass
dragging my love.
On what night
crazy,
sick,
by what Goliaths I was conceived -
so big
and so useless?
The author dedicates these lines to himself, beloved,<1916>

Mayakovsky's lyrics are urban lyrics of the 20th century. Nature as a world of harmony and beauty, a refuge for a tortured soul, just a source of aesthetic pleasure, is practically absent in his poems. "Hell of the city" is the only environment in which his lyrical hero can exist. He is looking for beauty and harmony, but around him, in the bustle of the city. These searches echo the theme of the poet's tragic loneliness in the world of "petty bourgeois". The poet talks with what surrounds him: houses, streets, trams, a violin. All things in his poetry move, speak, breathe, suffer, sympathize: "the street without language is writhing," "Kuznetsky laughed." The poet, rejected by the world of those who cannot see the beauty in what cannot be “eaten, drunk or sold”, finds other interlocutors.

The city of Mayakovsky is inhabited not only by hostile people, the unfortunate and destitute live in it, whose defender he feels himself to be. Moreover, Mayakovsky writes about the social “day” of life, “tabloid prostitutes”, “syphilitics”, “a downed old man” appear in his poems. The poet "screams" about them, considering his poetry to be their voice, and sees his highest destiny in serving the "humiliated and offended":

And God will cry over my book!
Not words - convulsions stuck together in a lump;
and run across the sky with my poems under his arm
and will breathlessly read them to his friends.
And yet,<1914>

The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky's poetry is the protector of the whole world from the "hundred-headed louse", and therefore he is raised to incredible heights, equal to God, the Moon - the "red-haired mistress". But this dooms him to constant, fatal loneliness. He experiences pain and suffering, the source of which is also love (“Listen!”, “Flute-spine”, “I love”),

Listen!
After all, if the stars are lit, does it mean that someone needs it?
So - someone wants them to be?
So - someone calls these spitting pearls?
Listen!<1914>

In questions - philosophical reflections about the meaning of life, about love. Why did the poet have them? Perhaps because for the layman the stars are just "spitting". But there are people for whom they are “pearls”. It is for these few that the lyrical hero “rushes into God”. After all, the stars are needed so that someone is “not scared”: “So it is necessary / that every evening / over the roofs / at least one star lights up ?!” Pay attention to the punctuation at the end of the poem, expressing a rhetorical question, the poet's confidence in the correct solution to the meaning of existence.

Mayakovsky's love lyrics reveal to us the vulnerable, tender soul of the poet. Lila Brik, his poetic muse, he dedicated most of his love poems. This love is tragic. "Lily!" (1916): "... my love - / after all - a heavy weight - / hangs on you, / wherever it would run." But "Except for your love, / I / have no sea", "Except for your love, / I / have no sun ...".

B. Pasternak spoke very sensitively about Mayakovsky's lyrics: “I really love Mayakovsky's early lyrics. Against the backdrop of the then clowning around, her seriousness, heavy, formidable, complaining, was so unusual. It was poetry masterfully fashioned, proud, demonic and at the same time immensely doomed, perishing, almost calling for help.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a truly outstanding personality. A talented poet, playwright, screenwriter and actor. One of the most striking and odious figures of his time.

He was born on July 19, 1893 in the Georgian village of Baghdati. The family had five children: two daughters and three sons, but of all the boys, only Vladimir survived. The boy studied at a local gymnasium, and then at a school in Moscow, where he moved with his mother and sister. By that time, his father was no longer there: he died of blood poisoning.

During the revolution, hard times came for the family, there was not enough money, and there was nothing to pay for Volodya's education. He did not finish his studies, and later joined the Social Democratic Party. For political beliefs and participation in riots, Mayakovsky was arrested more than once. It was in prison that the first lines of the great poet were born.

In 1911, the young man decided to continue his studies at the school of painting, however, his teachers did not appreciate his work: they were too peculiar. During his studies, Mayakovsky became close to the Futurists, whose work turned out to be close to him, and in 1912 he published the first poem "Night".

In 1915, one of the most famous poems, "A Cloud in Pants", was written, which he first read at a reception at Lily Brik's house. This woman became his main love and his curse. All his life he loved and hated her, they broke up and rekindled countless times. The poem dedicated to her, Lilichka, is one of the most powerful and touching declarations of love in modern literature. In addition to Lilia, there were many other women in the life of the poet, but not one of them was able to touch those strings of the soul with which Lilichka played so skillfully.

Generally love lyrics Mayakovsky was not attracted, his main attention was occupied by politics and satire on topical topics. The poem "Seated" is perhaps one of the most striking demonstrations of Mayakovsky's satirical talent. What is important, the plot of the poem is relevant to this day. In addition, he writes many scripts for films and starred in them himself. The most famous film that has survived to this day is The Young Lady and the Hooligan.

The theme of revolution occupies a huge place in the creative heritage of the poet. The poet enthusiastically perceived what was happening, although at that time he had a very difficult time financially. At this time, he wrote "Mystery-buff". Almost until his death, Mayakovsky glorifies Soviet power, and for its 10th anniversary, he writes the poem "Good."

(Painting by Vladimir Mayakovsky "Roulette")

With his works glorifying the revolution and Comrade Lenin, Mayakovsky toured Europe and America a lot. He draws satirical and propaganda posters, works in several publishing houses, including ROSTA Windows of Satire. In 1923, together with several associates, he created the LEF creative studio. One after another, in 1928 and 1929, two famous plays by the author, Bedbug and Bathhouse, were published.

Mayakovsky's calling card was the unusual style he invented and the poetic meter in the form of a ladder, as well as many neologisms. He is also credited with the glory of the first advertiser of the USSR, because he stood at the origins of this direction, created masterpiece posters calling for the purchase of a particular product. Each drawing was accompanied by uncomplicated, but sonorous verses.

(G. Egoshin "V. Mayakovsky")

A large place in the poet's lyrics is occupied by children's poems. Big uncle Mayakovsky, as he called himself, writes surprisingly touching lines for the younger generation and personally speaks with them to young listeners. The poem “Whom to be” or “What is good and what is bad” was known by heart to every Soviet, and after that Russian schoolchild. Many critics noted the author's amazing artistic style and his ability to simply and clearly express far from childish thoughts in a language accessible to kids.

However, like many poets of the 20th century, Mayakovsky did not hide the fact that he was disappointed in the chosen direction. Towards the end of his life, he moved away from the circle of futurists. The new government headed by Stalin did not at all inspire his creative potential, and more and more severe censorship and criticism fell upon him over and over again. His exhibition "20 Years of Work" was ignored by politicians and even friends and colleagues. This markedly crippled Mayakovsky, and the subsequent failure of his plays only exacerbated the situation. Failures on the love front, in creative activity, refusal to travel abroad - all this affected the emotional state of the writer.

On April 14, 1930, the poet shot himself in his room, contrary to the lines he once wrote: “And I won’t go out into the flight, and I won’t drink poison, and I won’t be able to pull the trigger over my temple ...”

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is the most famous Russian futurist poet. The time of his creative heyday fell on a dramatic period in the history of Russia, the time of revolutions and the Civil War.

The childhood and youth of the poet Mayakovsky

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born on July 7 (19), 1893 in the town of Bagdati (now in the territory of the Imereti region, Georgia). His father served as a forester, and his mother came from the Kuban Cossacks. In 1902, Vladimir was sent to the gymnasium of the city of Kutaisi. There he first became acquainted with the propaganda materials of Russian and Georgian revolutionaries. Four years later, Mayakovsky's father died, and the family moved to Moscow. Vladimir transferred to Moscow Gymnasium No. 5, but studied there for only about a year and was expelled for non-payment. In 1908 Mayakovsky joined the RSDLP. In the same year, he was arrested for the first time for illegal activities. In subsequent years, the young man was arrested several more times.

The beginning of Mayakovsky's poetic activity

Even in the gymnasium, Mayakovsky began to write poetry. But the lines written by him in his early youth have not been preserved. The poet himself later admitted that he considered his early works to be bad. In 1910, after 11 months of arrest, Mayakovsky left the party to devote himself entirely to poetry. Soon Mayakovsky's friend Evgenia Lang encouraged him to take up painting as well. For some time, Mayakovsky studied at the MUZhVZ school, but did not complete the training course.

In 1912, Mayakovsky's first publication, the poem Night, was published in the collection A Slap in the Face to Public Taste. The following year, the poet's own collection "I" was published. Makovsky's manuscript was provided with several drawings and lithographically reproduced. In 1913, the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" was also staged, in which the young poet played himself.

In 1914, Vladimir Mayakovsky clearly expressed his anti-war position. When the poet was drafted into the army, Maxim Gorky helped to be sent not to the front, but to a unit located in St. Petersburg at the Automobile Training School. Despite government restrictions, Mayakovsky continued to publish. In 1915, he met the Brik couple and soon began to live with them. In the summer of 1917, Mayakovsky was commissioned.

The perception of the revolution by V. Mayakovsky

Mayakovsky accepted the October Revolution with enthusiasm. Mayakovsky later said that the years civil war were the best in his life. On the anniversary of the Revolution, based on Mayakovsky's text, the premiere of the play "Mystery Buff" staged by Meyerhold and with costumes by Kazimir Malevich was held in Petrograd. In the post-revolutionary years, recognition came to Mayakovsky. His new poems were published in large editions. The poet's admiration for Soviet power is manifested in "Poems about the Soviet passport", the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" and in the "Soviet alphabet". In 1919-1921, Mayakovsky collaborated with the ROSTA agency (now the TASS agency) and produced propaganda posters "ROSTA Windows", accompanying satirical images with his own poems.

The specifics of V. Mayakovsky's work

It is generally accepted that Mayakovsky is the most prominent of the Russian futurists. His works are distinguished by such features: the use of a short verse and line breaks ("ladders"); mixing lyrical and satirical element; the use of emotionally colored, including obscene, vocabulary; autobiography and identification of the author and the lyrical hero.

The last years and the death of Myakovsky

In the twenties, Mayakovsky's poem "Good" was published, as well as the plays "Bug" and "Bath". From 1922 to 1928, he headed the LEF association, which included former futurists. At the end of the twenties, sharp criticism of futurism in general and Mayakovsky's work in particular appeared more and more often on the pages of the government press. In 1928, Mayakovsky finally broke up with Lilya Brik. Other love affairs of the poet were also unsuccessful. By 1930 Mayakovsky was suffering from a deep depression. In early April 1930, the poet began planning suicide.

On April 14, 1930, Mayakovsky shot himself in the heart. Over time, more than once there were suggestions that Mayakovsky was killed. The conflict between Vladimir Vladimirovich and Stalin allegedly testifies in favor of this version. However, the biographers of the poet are sure that he took his own life. Tens of thousands of people attended the funeral of the poet. Over time, Mayakovsky became the most recognizable poet of the early years. Soviet power, and for decades his works were included in the mandatory program for Russian literature.

Creativity of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

MAYAKOVSKY Vladimir Vladimirovich (born July 7 (19), 1893, the village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province - died tragically on April 14, 1930, Moscow), Russian poet, one of the brightest representatives of avant-garde art of the 1910s - 1920s. In pre-revolutionary creativity, the confession of a poet forced to a cry, perceiving reality as an apocalypse (the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", 1914; the poems "A Cloud in Pants", 1915; "Flute-Spine", 1916; "Man" 1916-1917).

After 1917 - the creation of a socialist myth about the world order (the play "Mystery Buff", 1918; the poems "150000000", 1921; "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", 1924, "Good!", 1927) and the tragically growing sense of its viciousness poems "Seated", 1922, to the play "Bath", 1929).

A family. Studies. revolutionary activity

Born into a noble family. Mayakovsky's father served as a forester in the Caucasus. After his death (1906), the family lived in Moscow. Mayakovsky studied at the classical gymnasium in Kutaisi (1901-1906), then at the 5th Moscow gymnasium (1906-1908), from where he was expelled for non-payment. Further education - art: he studied at the preparatory class of the Stroganov School (1908), in the studios of artists S. Yu. Zhukovsky and P. I. Kelin, in the figure class of the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1911-1914, expelled for participating in scandalous speeches of the futurists).

Back in 1905, in Kutaisi, Mayakovsky took part in gymnasium and student demonstrations, in 1908, having joined the RSDLP, he conducted propaganda among Moscow workers. He was arrested several times, in 1909 he spent 11 months in the Butyrka prison.

He called the time of imprisonment the beginning of his poetic activity; written poems were taken away from him before his release.

Mayakovsky and futurism

In 1911, Mayakovsky struck up a friendship with the artist and poet D. D. Burliuk, who in 1912 organized the literary and artistic group of futurists "Gileya" (see Futurism). Since 1912, Mayakovsky has been constantly taking part in debates about new art, exhibitions and evenings held by the radical associations of avant-garde artists "Jack of Diamonds" and "Union of Youth".

Mayakovsky's poetry has always retained a connection with the visual arts, primarily in the very form of recording poetry (in a column, later a "ladder"), which assumed an additional, purely visual, impression made by a poetic page.

Mayakovsky's poems were first published in 1912 in the almanac of the Gilea group, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste, which also included a manifesto signed by Mayakovsky, V.V. Khlebnikov, A.E. traditions of Russian classics, the need to create a new language of literature, corresponding to the era.

The embodiment of the ideas of Mayakovsky and his like-minded futurists about the purpose and forms of the new art was the staging of his poetic tragedy Vladimir Mayakovsky (published in 1914) at the Luna Park Theater in St. Petersburg in 1913. The scenery for it was made by artists from the Union of Youth P. N. Filonov and I. S. Shkolnik, and the author himself acted as a director and performer leading role- a poet suffering in a disgusting modern city who disfigured and corrupted his inhabitants, who, although they elect the poet as their prince, do not know how to recognize and appreciate the sacrifice he makes.

"The Creator in a burning hymn." Poetry of the 1910s

In 1913, Mayakovsky published a book of four poems called "I", his poems appear on the pages of futurist almanacs (1913-1915 "Mare's Milk", "Dead Moon", "Roaring Parnassus", begin to be printed in periodicals, poems are published Cloud in Trousers (1915), Spinal Flute (1916), War and Peace (1917), Simple as a Low (1916).

Mayakovsky's poetry is filled with rebellion against the entire world order - the social contrasts of modern urban civilization, traditional views on beauty and poetry, ideas about the universe, paradise and God. Mayakovsky uses a militantly broken, rude, stylistically reduced language, contrastingly shading traditional poetic images - “put love on the violins”, “nocturne ... on the drainpipe flute”. The lyrical hero, shocking the layman with harshness, brittle language and blasphemy (“God was caught in the sky with a lasso”), remains a romantic, lonely, tender, suffering, feeling the value of “the smallest speck of the living.”

Mayakovsky's poems of the 1910s were aimed at oral reproduction - from the stage, at evening parties, debates (the collection "For the Voice", 1923; in magazines, newspapers and book publications, poems often appeared in a form distorted by censorship). For listening perception, their short chopped lines, “torn” syntax, “colloquialism” and deliberately familiar (“familiar”) intonation were the best suited: “... Do you, who love women and dishes, give your life to please?”.

In combination with high growth (“hefty, with a sazhen step”) and Mayakovsky’s stentorian voice, all this created a unique individual image of a poet-fighter, a public rally speaker, a defender of the “languageless street” in the “hell of the city”, whose words cannot be beautiful, they are "convulsions stuck together in a lump."

"Love is the heart of everything"

Already in the early rebellious poems and poems of Mayakovsky, a love lyrical theme occupies a significant place: "My love, like an apostle in time, I will smash the roads a thousand thousand." Love "extorts the soul" of a suffering, lonely poet.

In 1915 Mayakovsky met Lilya Brik, who took center stage in his life. From their relationship, the futurist poet and his beloved sought to build a model new family free from jealousy, prejudice, traditional principles relations between women and men in "bourgeois" society. Many of the poet's works are associated with the name Brik; intimate intonation colors Mayakovsky's letters addressed to her. Declaring in the 1920s that “now is not the time for love dances,” the poet nevertheless remains faithful to the theme of love (lyric poems, the poem “About This”, 1923), which reaches a tragically hysterical sound in the last lines of Mayakovsky - in the unfinished introduction to the poem "Out loud" (1930).

"I want to be understood by my country"

The revolution was accepted by Mayakovsky as the implementation of retribution for all those offended in the former world, as the path to earthly paradise.

Mayakovsky claims the position of the Futurists in art as a direct analogy of the theory and practice of the Bolsheviks and the proletariat in history and politics. Mayakovsky organizes in 1918 the Komfut group (communist futurism), actively participates in the newspaper

"The Art of the Commune", in 1923 creates the "Left Front of the Arts" (LEF), which included his like-minded writers and artists, publishes the magazines "LEF" (1923-1925) and "New LEF" (1927-1928). Trying to use everything artistic means to support the new state, to promote new values, Mayakovsky writes topical satire, poems and ditties for propaganda posters (“ROSTA Windows”, 1918-1921).

The rudeness, clarity, straightforwardness of his poetic style, the ability to turn the design elements of a book and magazine page into effective expressive means of poetry - all this ensured the success of the “sonorous power of the poet”, wholly devoted to the service of the interests of the “attacking class”. Mayakovsky's position of those years was embodied in his poems "150,000,000" (1921), "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924), "Good!" (1927).

"ROSTA Windows"

By the end of the 1920s, Mayakovsky had a growing sense of the inconsistency of political and social reality with the lofty ideals of the revolution that inspired him from adolescence, according to which he built his whole life - from clothes and gait to love and creativity. The comedies The Bedbug (1928) and The Bathhouse (1929) are a satire (with elements of dystopia) on a bourgeois society that has forgotten about the revolutionary values ​​for which it was created.

The internal conflict with the surrounding reality of the advancing "bronze" Soviet age undoubtedly turned out to be among the most important incentives that pushed the poet to the last rebellion against the laws of the world order - suicide.

In preparing this work, materials from the site http://www.studentu.ru were used.

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